Autism Spectrum Disorder constitutes a complex, elaborate, and diverse condition at a developmental, biological, and neurophysiological level. It is recognized primarily by the behavioral manifestations of the individual in communication, social interaction, and by extension in his cognitive development and adaptation to society as a whole. A wide range of studies have linked the pathophysiology of autism to dysfunctional elements in the development and function of mitochondria, cells, neurons, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. Low Light Laser Therapy (LLLT) is an innovative, emerging, non-invasive treatment method. It utilizes low levels of red light/near-infrared light positively affecting biological and pathological processes of the body by enhancing cellular, mitochondrial stimulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and immune system development, regulating the gut microbiome's function. The retrospective literature review focuses on the possibility of effective use of the method in autism. According to the literature, LLLT does not have many applications in patients with ASD and is still in the early stages of its use in the disorder. However, the results of the studies highlight its therapeutic effect in several areas related to the disease, pointing out that it is a promising therapeutic approach for the evolution of autism in the future.
{"title":"LLLT applications may enhance ASD aspects related to disturbances in the gut microbiome, mitochondrial activity, and neural network function","authors":"Victoria Bamicha, Yolanda Salapata","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i1.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i1.457","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder constitutes a complex, elaborate, and diverse condition at a developmental, biological, and neurophysiological level. It is recognized primarily by the behavioral manifestations of the individual in communication, social interaction, and by extension in his cognitive development and adaptation to society as a whole. A wide range of studies have linked the pathophysiology of autism to dysfunctional elements in the development and function of mitochondria, cells, neurons, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. Low Light Laser Therapy (LLLT) is an innovative, emerging, non-invasive treatment method. It utilizes low levels of red light/near-infrared light positively affecting biological and pathological processes of the body by enhancing cellular, mitochondrial stimulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and immune system development, regulating the gut microbiome's function. The retrospective literature review focuses on the possibility of effective use of the method in autism. According to the literature, LLLT does not have many applications in patients with ASD and is still in the early stages of its use in the disorder. However, the results of the studies highlight its therapeutic effect in several areas related to the disease, pointing out that it is a promising therapeutic approach for the evolution of autism in the future.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O papel do enfermeiro no Alzheimer entra como educador em saúde ajudando na adaptação e na observação sobre as complicações, atende na terapia prescrita, promove resolução de surgimento de problemas, e é responsável por prevenir possíveis doenças. O enfermeiro deve aproveitar da terapia nos estágios da doença que é construída por comunicação simples, fala calma, frases curtas e pesquisas multissensoriais, como: visão, audição, olfato, teto, gustação e audição. O estudo teve por objetivo, analisar e criar estratégia para melhorar a qualidade de vida do portador de Alzheimer. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, onde selecionou artigos, a partir de bases de dados eletrônicas utilizadas como: Brasil Scientific Electronic Libray Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informar em Ciência da Saúde (LILACS). Os profissionais de enfermagem que desempenham cuidados com esse público devem estar habilitados a criar métodos de interação com o paciente e seus familiares, visando desenvolver conhecimento, domínio e capacitação ampliada. Conclui-se que, o Alzheimer necessita da capacidade do enfermeiro para criação do projeto, da pesquisa pensando em resultados promissores para promover qualidade de vida ao paciente, juntamente com apoio familiar.
{"title":"Cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso com Alzheimer: mini-revisão","authors":"Rutiele de Souza Santos","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i1.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i1.431","url":null,"abstract":"O papel do enfermeiro no Alzheimer entra como educador em saúde ajudando na adaptação e na observação sobre as complicações, atende na terapia prescrita, promove resolução de surgimento de problemas, e é responsável por prevenir possíveis doenças. O enfermeiro deve aproveitar da terapia nos estágios da doença que é construída por comunicação simples, fala calma, frases curtas e pesquisas multissensoriais, como: visão, audição, olfato, teto, gustação e audição. O estudo teve por objetivo, analisar e criar estratégia para melhorar a qualidade de vida do portador de Alzheimer. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, onde selecionou artigos, a partir de bases de dados eletrônicas utilizadas como: Brasil Scientific Electronic Libray Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informar em Ciência da Saúde (LILACS). Os profissionais de enfermagem que desempenham cuidados com esse público devem estar habilitados a criar métodos de interação com o paciente e seus familiares, visando desenvolver conhecimento, domínio e capacitação ampliada. Conclui-se que, o Alzheimer necessita da capacidade do enfermeiro para criação do projeto, da pesquisa pensando em resultados promissores para promover qualidade de vida ao paciente, juntamente com apoio familiar.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1755
HP Lopes, Lcpv Alves, G. Costa, T. Dias, L. Machado, NC Cunha, Vla Pereira, Dlc Abreu
Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), are generally poultry and poultry product isolate and can cause serious human infections. Many strains may become resistant to various antimicrobials, which can hinder the treatment of bacterial diseases. Organic farming seeks to avoid the selection and frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aims to verify the resistance of EPEC and STEC from organic and conventional (industrial) broiler isolates to antimicrobials. All isolates were submitted to disk diffusion test with tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin + clavulanate (TET, GEN, ENO, CTX, AMC) and PCR to detect specific virulence genes for EPEC and STEC. A total of 297 E. coli strains were isolated, 213 from conventional. In organic broiler, 84 strains were isolated. The strains from the conventional broiler isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials tested: TET 48.82% (104/213), ENO 28.17% (60/213), CTX 15.49% (33/213), GEN 14.55% (31/213), and AMC 7.04% (15/213), and 9.86% (21/213) were considered multidrug-resistant. Organic chicken strains were resistant to four of the antimicrobials tested: TET 35.7% (30/84), ENO 9.5% (8/84), CTX 2.4% (2/84), GEN 4.8% (4/84). Of the strains from the organic broiler chicken isolates, only 1.2% (1/84) was considered multidrug-resistant. No EPEC and STEC were found in the organic chicken samples. The multidrug resistance was characterized in 9.52% (2/21) of the EPEC and 4.76% (1/21) of the STEC. The study demonstrated the absence of EPEC and STEC strains in organic broilers and carcasses and a lower frequency of multiresistant strains compared to conventional breeding.
{"title":"Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in Conventional and Organic Broiler Chickens","authors":"HP Lopes, Lcpv Alves, G. Costa, T. Dias, L. Machado, NC Cunha, Vla Pereira, Dlc Abreu","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1755","url":null,"abstract":"Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), are generally poultry and poultry product isolate and can cause serious human infections. Many strains may become resistant to various antimicrobials, which can hinder the treatment of bacterial diseases. Organic farming seeks to avoid the selection and frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aims to verify the resistance of EPEC and STEC from organic and conventional (industrial) broiler isolates to antimicrobials. All isolates were submitted to disk diffusion test with tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin + clavulanate (TET, GEN, ENO, CTX, AMC) and PCR to detect specific virulence genes for EPEC and STEC. A total of 297 E. coli strains were isolated, 213 from conventional. In organic broiler, 84 strains were isolated. The strains from the conventional broiler isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials tested: TET 48.82% (104/213), ENO 28.17% (60/213), CTX 15.49% (33/213), GEN 14.55% (31/213), and AMC 7.04% (15/213), and 9.86% (21/213) were considered multidrug-resistant. Organic chicken strains were resistant to four of the antimicrobials tested: TET 35.7% (30/84), ENO 9.5% (8/84), CTX 2.4% (2/84), GEN 4.8% (4/84). Of the strains from the organic broiler chicken isolates, only 1.2% (1/84) was considered multidrug-resistant. No EPEC and STEC were found in the organic chicken samples. The multidrug resistance was characterized in 9.52% (2/21) of the EPEC and 4.76% (1/21) of the STEC. The study demonstrated the absence of EPEC and STEC strains in organic broilers and carcasses and a lower frequency of multiresistant strains compared to conventional breeding.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67656440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1809
M. Demirci, E. Mevliyaoğulları
In this study, the aim was to determine the nutritional content of specially formulated commercial soft/egg foods for canaries, preferred by professional breeders in Türkiye
{"title":"Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Domestic and Imported Commercial Canary Egg Food and Mixed Seeds Based Diets","authors":"M. Demirci, E. Mevliyaoğulları","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1809","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the aim was to determine the nutritional content of specially formulated commercial soft/egg foods for canaries, preferred by professional breeders in Türkiye","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67656740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1620
A. Raffie, A. Aslam, MY Tipu, I. Altaf, A. Mustafa, M. Imran, MZ Farooq, G. Abbas, N. Goswami, M. Mohsin, Aabshar Khan, S. Aslam, K. Abdul
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eubiotics on the intestinal morphology of broilers. For this purpose, 125 birds were divided into six groups with two replicates each (10 birds in each replicate). Group A was given a Basal diet. All groups except group A were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis . Group B was provided the basal diet, group C was fed a Probiotic-added diet; group D was fed a Prebiotics-based diet; group E was given essential oils plus the basal diet; and group F was provided with organic acids plus the basal diet. Two separate experiments were carried out for Salmonella recovery, checking the cecal tonsils and conducting an intestinal pathomorphic evaluation. Villus length, villus width, villus surface area, and crypt depth were measured by micrometry. There was an overall improvement ( p <0.05) in intestinal morphometric parameters for all the treatment groups except for the negative control group, which showed the lowest villus height and villus depth values. Maximum villus height ( p <0.05) of the duodenum was achieved by group E, which was fed a diet containing essential oils, whereas a maximum villus surface area index ( p <0.05) was recorded for the birds of Group D, which were fed a diet containing prebiotics. Maximum villus height (
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Effect of Non-Antibiotic Feed Additives on Experimental Colonization of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteridis and Intestinal Pathomorphology in Broiler Chickens","authors":"A. Raffie, A. Aslam, MY Tipu, I. Altaf, A. Mustafa, M. Imran, MZ Farooq, G. Abbas, N. Goswami, M. Mohsin, Aabshar Khan, S. Aslam, K. Abdul","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1620","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eubiotics on the intestinal morphology of broilers. For this purpose, 125 birds were divided into six groups with two replicates each (10 birds in each replicate). Group A was given a Basal diet. All groups except group A were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis . Group B was provided the basal diet, group C was fed a Probiotic-added diet; group D was fed a Prebiotics-based diet; group E was given essential oils plus the basal diet; and group F was provided with organic acids plus the basal diet. Two separate experiments were carried out for Salmonella recovery, checking the cecal tonsils and conducting an intestinal pathomorphic evaluation. Villus length, villus width, villus surface area, and crypt depth were measured by micrometry. There was an overall improvement ( p <0.05) in intestinal morphometric parameters for all the treatment groups except for the negative control group, which showed the lowest villus height and villus depth values. Maximum villus height ( p <0.05) of the duodenum was achieved by group E, which was fed a diet containing essential oils, whereas a maximum villus surface area index ( p <0.05) was recorded for the birds of Group D, which were fed a diet containing prebiotics. Maximum villus height (","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67653375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1715
Kps Cordovil, Icgb Pedroso, Akv Guimarães, Mmr Azevedo, Gst Fernandes, KF Rodrigues, K. Gul, S. Malik, PS Taube
Eggs are foods with almost perfect proteins, while also containing nutrients with high biological value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological structure, physical-chemical, nutritional, and microbiological parameters of commercial and free-range eggs sold in the municipality of Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. The two types of eggs were also compared to check for any differences in quality. The evaluations were conducted on variables such as Haugh unit, weight loss, egg width and length, specific gravity, yolk and albumen dimensions, pH, among others. A total of 240 eggs were purchased in the Brazilian municipality of Santarém (2º45’06” S and 54º70’09” W). A statistical study was also performed using the BIOESTAT 5.0 statistical program. A comparison of the industrial and free-range eggs and their various parameters is given in the tables along with the coefficient of variation. The results obtained were satisfactory and showed that the quality of eggs is affected more by environmental factors than by the source from which they are obtained. The results were also compared to previously published literature, and it was determined that this study offers a better foundation for the nutritional examination of egg quality.
{"title":"Analysis of the Quality of Eggs Marketed in Santarém, Brazil","authors":"Kps Cordovil, Icgb Pedroso, Akv Guimarães, Mmr Azevedo, Gst Fernandes, KF Rodrigues, K. Gul, S. Malik, PS Taube","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1715","url":null,"abstract":"Eggs are foods with almost perfect proteins, while also containing nutrients with high biological value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological structure, physical-chemical, nutritional, and microbiological parameters of commercial and free-range eggs sold in the municipality of Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. The two types of eggs were also compared to check for any differences in quality. The evaluations were conducted on variables such as Haugh unit, weight loss, egg width and length, specific gravity, yolk and albumen dimensions, pH, among others. A total of 240 eggs were purchased in the Brazilian municipality of Santarém (2º45’06” S and 54º70’09” W). A statistical study was also performed using the BIOESTAT 5.0 statistical program. A comparison of the industrial and free-range eggs and their various parameters is given in the tables along with the coefficient of variation. The results obtained were satisfactory and showed that the quality of eggs is affected more by environmental factors than by the source from which they are obtained. The results were also compared to previously published literature, and it was determined that this study offers a better foundation for the nutritional examination of egg quality.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67655320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1723
VR Hlokoe, TL Tyasi, V. Mbazima, B. Gunya
The growth differentiation factor 9 ( GDF9 ) gene plays a vital role in the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in laying hens. However, its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in preovulatory ovarian follicles of indigenous chickens remain poorly understood. The study aimed to identify the association between egg weight and egg quality traits, ovarian follicles morphology, and mRNA expression levels of the GDF9 gene in pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles of the South African Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breed. The correlation results showed that egg weight (EW) had a positively high significant correlation ( p< 0.01) with egg width (EWD), yolk weight (YW), shell surface area (SSA), albumen weight (AW), albumen ratio (AR) and egg volume (EV), and a positive significant correlation ( p< 0.05) with egg length (EL). The Student’s T-test results revealed that the numbers of large yellow follicles were significantly lower ( p< 0.05) than those of small yellow follicles. ANOVA findings showed that there was a significant difference ( p< 0.05) in the average weight of the large yellow follicles. The quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) findings indicated that there were significant differences ( p< 0.05) in the mRNA expression levels of the GDF9 gene in preovulatory ovarian follicles of the Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breed. The mRNA expression was more abundant in F1 and F4 than in other ovarian follicles.
{"title":"Investigation of Egg Weight, Ovarian Follicles Morphology and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 mRNA Expression in Potchefstroom Koekoek Chicken Breed","authors":"VR Hlokoe, TL Tyasi, V. Mbazima, B. Gunya","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1723","url":null,"abstract":"The growth differentiation factor 9 ( GDF9 ) gene plays a vital role in the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in laying hens. However, its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in preovulatory ovarian follicles of indigenous chickens remain poorly understood. The study aimed to identify the association between egg weight and egg quality traits, ovarian follicles morphology, and mRNA expression levels of the GDF9 gene in pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles of the South African Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breed. The correlation results showed that egg weight (EW) had a positively high significant correlation ( p< 0.01) with egg width (EWD), yolk weight (YW), shell surface area (SSA), albumen weight (AW), albumen ratio (AR) and egg volume (EV), and a positive significant correlation ( p< 0.05) with egg length (EL). The Student’s T-test results revealed that the numbers of large yellow follicles were significantly lower ( p< 0.05) than those of small yellow follicles. ANOVA findings showed that there was a significant difference ( p< 0.05) in the average weight of the large yellow follicles. The quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) findings indicated that there were significant differences ( p< 0.05) in the mRNA expression levels of the GDF9 gene in preovulatory ovarian follicles of the Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breed. The mRNA expression was more abundant in F1 and F4 than in other ovarian follicles.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67655355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1746
MM Castro, S. Leite, RS Farias, CG Abreu, CN Cordeiro, E. Freitas, R. Silveira
The effect of using natural growth promoters (NGP) to replace traditional antimicrobials on performance, biometry of digestive and reproductive organs, sexual maturity and bone characteristics of replacement pullets was evaluated; and the relationship between these variables according to the diets was verified. Eight-week-old birds were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design and fed different diets: negative control (without growth promoters); positive control - conventional growth promoter; organic acids (OA); symbiotic (S); essential oil (EO); OA + S; and EO + S. The performance, relative weight of digestive and reproductive organs and length intestines, height and crest length, sternum length, bone quality and sexual maturity of birds were similar ( p> 0.05) between treatments. The heat map combined with cluster analysis showed a uniform static pattern with the formation of three horizontal groups formed by the treatments: 1) negative control, S and OA + S; 2) positive control and OE and 3) OA and OE + S. A null relationship between the treatments and the variables under study was observed. The principal components analysis revealed an association of variables in three components with 60.55% of variation. NGP can replace traditional promoters, as they do not interfere with performance, biometrics or sexual maturity. Height and length are predictive variables for the development of reproductive organs, especially the oviduct. A similarity was identified through multivariate techniques between symbiotic and organic + symbiotic acids; positive control and essential oils; and organic and symbiotic acids + essential oils.
{"title":"Natural Growth Promoters Replacing Traditional Growth Promoters in Diets for Light Replacement Pullets: A Systematic Approach","authors":"MM Castro, S. Leite, RS Farias, CG Abreu, CN Cordeiro, E. Freitas, R. Silveira","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1746","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of using natural growth promoters (NGP) to replace traditional antimicrobials on performance, biometry of digestive and reproductive organs, sexual maturity and bone characteristics of replacement pullets was evaluated; and the relationship between these variables according to the diets was verified. Eight-week-old birds were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design and fed different diets: negative control (without growth promoters); positive control - conventional growth promoter; organic acids (OA); symbiotic (S); essential oil (EO); OA + S; and EO + S. The performance, relative weight of digestive and reproductive organs and length intestines, height and crest length, sternum length, bone quality and sexual maturity of birds were similar ( p> 0.05) between treatments. The heat map combined with cluster analysis showed a uniform static pattern with the formation of three horizontal groups formed by the treatments: 1) negative control, S and OA + S; 2) positive control and OE and 3) OA and OE + S. A null relationship between the treatments and the variables under study was observed. The principal components analysis revealed an association of variables in three components with 60.55% of variation. NGP can replace traditional promoters, as they do not interfere with performance, biometrics or sexual maturity. Height and length are predictive variables for the development of reproductive organs, especially the oviduct. A similarity was identified through multivariate techniques between symbiotic and organic + symbiotic acids; positive control and essential oils; and organic and symbiotic acids + essential oils.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67656182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1704
M. Hossain, J. Hu, JS Yoo, SY Jang, I. Kim
This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding genetically modified organisms (GMO) compared with non - GMO diet on performance of layers in terms of egg production, egg broken rate and egg quality in laying hen. One hundred and ninety-two Hy-line brown laying hens were used in the feeding for four weeks. All the birds were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments groups, each with eight replicates (12 hens/ replicate). Significant difference was not found in egg production in layers fed GMO feed in diet compared with the non - GMO treatment. Whereas in terms of egg quality, a significant increase was observed in yolk color and eggshell thickness of layers fed GMO diet compared with layers fed non-GMO diet at 1 st week. Additionally, there was a significant increase in eggshell thickness of layers fed GMO diet compared with layers fed non - GMO diet at 2 nd , and 4 th week. Layers fed GMO diet showed higher egg yolk value compared to the non-GMO diet in 1 st week. However, no significant differences were found in other profiles such as egg quality including egg weight, albumen height, haugh units, shell color, and shell strength from 1 st to 4 th week since layers fed GMO. In conclusion, layers fed GMO diet showed significant improvement in eggshell thickness and yolk color and no significant difference was found in egg production. Layers fed GMO diets may enhance the egg quality, and further research need to be done.
{"title":"Effect of Genetically Modified Organisms Feed Ingredients (Corn And Soybean) in Diet on Egg Production, Egg Broken Rate and Egg Quality in Layers","authors":"M. Hossain, J. Hu, JS Yoo, SY Jang, I. Kim","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1704","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding genetically modified organisms (GMO) compared with non - GMO diet on performance of layers in terms of egg production, egg broken rate and egg quality in laying hen. One hundred and ninety-two Hy-line brown laying hens were used in the feeding for four weeks. All the birds were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments groups, each with eight replicates (12 hens/ replicate). Significant difference was not found in egg production in layers fed GMO feed in diet compared with the non - GMO treatment. Whereas in terms of egg quality, a significant increase was observed in yolk color and eggshell thickness of layers fed GMO diet compared with layers fed non-GMO diet at 1 st week. Additionally, there was a significant increase in eggshell thickness of layers fed GMO diet compared with layers fed non - GMO diet at 2 nd , and 4 th week. Layers fed GMO diet showed higher egg yolk value compared to the non-GMO diet in 1 st week. However, no significant differences were found in other profiles such as egg quality including egg weight, albumen height, haugh units, shell color, and shell strength from 1 st to 4 th week since layers fed GMO. In conclusion, layers fed GMO diet showed significant improvement in eggshell thickness and yolk color and no significant difference was found in egg production. Layers fed GMO diets may enhance the egg quality, and further research need to be done.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67654704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1741
H. Xu, Z. Zhang, K. Deng, D. Li, W. Du, Y. Lu, Y. Jiang, Y. Wang
To effectively develop and utilize high-quality Tianfu broilers, this study evaluated the morphological and structural characteristics of the immune organs of such broilers with different strains (HS1 and HS2) at different developmental stages and analyzed the distribution of mast cells by toluidine blue staining. Moreover, the localization and expression of immunoglobulin, complement C3, C4 and CD3 in immune organs were also detected. The results showed that although there was no significant difference in the development of immune organs in the HS1 and HS2, the number of lymphatic follicles and capsule thickness in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius in HS1 were greater than those in HS2. Additionally, the number of mast cells in the spleen of HS1 was greater at Day 1 and Day 21 and was significantly higher than that of HS2 ( p <0.05); the number of mast cells in the bursa of Fabricius reached 9.17 on Day 7, which was significantly higher than that of HS2 ( p <0.05). Moreover, the serum IgA and IgM levels in HS1 were higher than those in HS2 on Day 14 and 21 ( p <0.05). In addition, the complement C3 content in HS1 was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in HS2 on Days 1, 14 and 21 ( p <0.01, p <0.05), respectively, but significantly lower than in HS2 on Day 7 ( p <0.05). These results indicated that the disease resistance of the HS1 line was stronger than that of the HS2 line, which lays a foundation for future disease-resistance breeding of Tianfu broilers.
{"title":"Comparison of Characteristics and Differences in Early Immune Organ Development in Different Strains of Tianfu Broiler","authors":"H. Xu, Z. Zhang, K. Deng, D. Li, W. Du, Y. Lu, Y. Jiang, Y. Wang","doi":"10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1741","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively develop and utilize high-quality Tianfu broilers, this study evaluated the morphological and structural characteristics of the immune organs of such broilers with different strains (HS1 and HS2) at different developmental stages and analyzed the distribution of mast cells by toluidine blue staining. Moreover, the localization and expression of immunoglobulin, complement C3, C4 and CD3 in immune organs were also detected. The results showed that although there was no significant difference in the development of immune organs in the HS1 and HS2, the number of lymphatic follicles and capsule thickness in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius in HS1 were greater than those in HS2. Additionally, the number of mast cells in the spleen of HS1 was greater at Day 1 and Day 21 and was significantly higher than that of HS2 ( p <0.05); the number of mast cells in the bursa of Fabricius reached 9.17 on Day 7, which was significantly higher than that of HS2 ( p <0.05). Moreover, the serum IgA and IgM levels in HS1 were higher than those in HS2 on Day 14 and 21 ( p <0.05). In addition, the complement C3 content in HS1 was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in HS2 on Days 1, 14 and 21 ( p <0.01, p <0.05), respectively, but significantly lower than in HS2 on Day 7 ( p <0.05). These results indicated that the disease resistance of the HS1 line was stronger than that of the HS2 line, which lays a foundation for future disease-resistance breeding of Tianfu broilers.","PeriodicalId":9244,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67655985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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