Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.7
A. Shanyhin, V. Babienko
For most people, the best way to prevent vitamin D deficiency is to optimize your diet by using foods high in vitamin D. Adding foods high in vitamin D that are available in your area to your diet is a physiological way to prevent vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Which in turn, is an effective way to prevent the development of pathological conditions associated with a low level of vitamin D. Objective: To determine the level of prevalence of vitamin-D deficient states among residents of the southern regions of Ukraine. To assess the relationship between deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D with actual nutrition and to develop recommendations for the prevention of such conditions. Materials and methods. 928 residents of the Southern region of Ukraine, aged from 19 to 82, were examined. The study consisted of two stages: assessment of the diet and determination of the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum and dietary correction of the diet in patients with vitamin D < 30 ng/ml, by enriching the diet with products with a high content of vitamin D. The results of the study and their discussion: The level of 25(OH)D among the study participants was 4.31 – 89.19 ng/ml. Vitamin D was deficient in 312 patients, insufficient in 290 patients, and sufficient in 326 patients. 114 patients took part in the second stage of the study: The main group (n=63) – correction of vitamin D by enriching the diet with products containing vitamin D equivalent to 4000 IU/day. Control group (n=51) - correction of 25(OH)D level was not carried out. Conclusions. Vitamin-D deficient conditions are common among residents of Southern Ukraine. Correction of the diet due to products with a high content of vitamin D in an equivalent dose of 4000 IU/day is able to ensure a sufficient level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum.
{"title":"Hygiene assessment and dietary correction of vitamin D level in residents of the southern region of Ukraine","authors":"A. Shanyhin, V. Babienko","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"For most people, the best way to prevent vitamin D deficiency is to optimize your diet by using foods high in vitamin D. Adding foods high in vitamin D that are available in your area to your diet is a physiological way to prevent vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Which in turn, is an effective way to prevent the development of pathological conditions associated with a low level of vitamin D. Objective: To determine the level of prevalence of vitamin-D deficient states among residents of the southern regions of Ukraine. To assess the relationship between deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D with actual nutrition and to develop recommendations for the prevention of such conditions. Materials and methods. 928 residents of the Southern region of Ukraine, aged from 19 to 82, were examined. The study consisted of two stages: assessment of the diet and determination of the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum and dietary correction of the diet in patients with vitamin D < 30 ng/ml, by enriching the diet with products with a high content of vitamin D. The results of the study and their discussion: The level of 25(OH)D among the study participants was 4.31 – 89.19 ng/ml. Vitamin D was deficient in 312 patients, insufficient in 290 patients, and sufficient in 326 patients. 114 patients took part in the second stage of the study: The main group (n=63) – correction of vitamin D by enriching the diet with products containing vitamin D equivalent to 4000 IU/day. Control group (n=51) - correction of 25(OH)D level was not carried out. Conclusions. Vitamin-D deficient conditions are common among residents of Southern Ukraine. Correction of the diet due to products with a high content of vitamin D in an equivalent dose of 4000 IU/day is able to ensure a sufficient level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.2
N. Kostyshyn, I. Lopatenko, R. Serkiz, M. Zhyla
The aim. Investigate the long-term effect of WBV and bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid) on the morphological structure and mineral density of the rat femora. Materials and methods. Rats were divided into control and three experimental groups: I - experimental group - high-calorie diet + limited mobility (HCD + LM), II - experimental group - HCD + LM + whole body vibration (WBV 3 m/s2). III - experimental group - HCD + LM + administration of zoledronic acid (HCD + LM + Zol. at a dose of 0.025 mg / kg). Bone mineral density determination, scanning electron microscopy of trabecular meshwork and immunohistological examination were performed. Results. The application of the model of a high-calorie diet with limited mobility leads to the loss of the mineral component of trabeculae up to 16.2%. The trabecular layer thinned to 13.9% compared to the control group, and the intertrabecular spaces expanded. Under the influence of whole-body vibration, there was an increase in BMD in the femora compared to the group HCD + LM, and bone density remained at the control level until the 16th week of the experiment. In group III, the rate of bone formation increased, the ratio of bone to trabecular volume was significantly higher compared to the group HCD + LM. Starting from the 8th week, it increased by 8.1% and 13% at the end of the experiment, respectively.Conclusions. A high-calorie diet with limited mobility reduces the mineral density of the trabeculae in the femoral bone. Zoledronic acid effectively improves mineralization but leads to impairment of the morphology of the bone growth plate. The research results indicate that WBV can be an effective non-pharmacological method of maintaining bone health in young people.
{"title":"Influence of mechanical stimuli and zoledronic acid on the femoral morfology in rats with obesity and limited mobility models","authors":"N. Kostyshyn, I. Lopatenko, R. Serkiz, M. Zhyla","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim. Investigate the long-term effect of WBV and bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid) on the morphological structure and mineral density of the rat femora. Materials and methods. Rats were divided into control and three experimental groups: I - experimental group - high-calorie diet + limited mobility (HCD + LM), II - experimental group - HCD + LM + whole body vibration (WBV 3 m/s2). III - experimental group - HCD + LM + administration of zoledronic acid (HCD + LM + Zol. at a dose of 0.025 mg / kg). Bone mineral density determination, scanning electron microscopy of trabecular meshwork and immunohistological examination were performed. Results. The application of the model of a high-calorie diet with limited mobility leads to the loss of the mineral component of trabeculae up to 16.2%. The trabecular layer thinned to 13.9% compared to the control group, and the intertrabecular spaces expanded. Under the influence of whole-body vibration, there was an increase in BMD in the femora compared to the group HCD + LM, and bone density remained at the control level until the 16th week of the experiment. In group III, the rate of bone formation increased, the ratio of bone to trabecular volume was significantly higher compared to the group HCD + LM. Starting from the 8th week, it increased by 8.1% and 13% at the end of the experiment, respectively.Conclusions. A high-calorie diet with limited mobility reduces the mineral density of the trabeculae in the femoral bone. Zoledronic acid effectively improves mineralization but leads to impairment of the morphology of the bone growth plate. The research results indicate that WBV can be an effective non-pharmacological method of maintaining bone health in young people.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82967855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.13
Y. Rohovyi, O. Bilo’okiy, V. Bilo’okiy
Relevance. The problem of high-quality training of specialists in the medical field is a significant issue worldwide, including in Ukraine. It is necessary to achieve a threefold task when forming a highly professional specialist: successful completion of the licensing integrated exam "Krok", improvement of one's practical skills and medical manipulations in the conditions of a simulation center and clinic, and formation of awareness of the practical activity of a doctor thanks to the use of an integrative approach of pathophysiology.Objective. To compare the quality of students' preparation for taking licensing integrated exam "Krok", the Unified State Qualification Exam, and the English language for professional purposes using the classical method and the proposed algorithm, which consists of five stages and makes it possible to provide an integrative approach with the transition from dominant memory stress to thinking and intelligence.Material and methods. We analyzed the effectiveness of preparing students for taking the licensing integrated exam "Krok", the Unified State Qualification Exam, and the English language for professional purposes using the classical method and the proposed algorithm.Results. The proposed analysis of 10 test tasks from the license integrated exam “Krok” database in Ukrainian and 5 test tasks in English for professional purposes in each practical session according to this algorithm. A notebook page for practical classes is divided by a vertical line as follows: 2/3 of the working area and 1/3 field. Next, test tasks are selected from the data bank on the topic of the lesson and 1 test task is written on 1 page in the upper part of the work area, i.e., you need to use 10 pages of the notebook for Ukrainian-language tests and 5 pages for professional English test. At the second stage, the correct answer is marked*. The third stage is to explain in writing why the indicated answer is correct and why each distractor is an incorrect answer. The fourth stage is to underline key words in the test. The fifth stage is to find an explanation of all the terms found in the test, the correct answer and distractors and write them in the fields.Conclusions. The application of the proposed algorithm in 5 stages of analysis of test tasks from the open database licensing integrated exam "Krok" in Ukrainian and test tasks in English for professional purposes allows to improve traditional types of education, to move from classical training of students to passing the license integrated exam "Krok", the Unified State Qualification Exam, English language professional orientation with a predominance of stress on memory (consciousness of the past) to the predominant use of thinking (concepts, judgments, inferences) and intellect (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, concretization, generalization), which will allow understanding the essence of test tasks and contribute to the development of awareness of the essence of the doctor's practical ac
{"title":"New methodological approaches to improving the preparation of students to take the licensing integrated exam \"Krok\", the Uniform State Qualification examination, the english language for professional purposes","authors":"Y. Rohovyi, O. Bilo’okiy, V. Bilo’okiy","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The problem of high-quality training of specialists in the medical field is a significant issue worldwide, including in Ukraine. It is necessary to achieve a threefold task when forming a highly professional specialist: successful completion of the licensing integrated exam \"Krok\", improvement of one's practical skills and medical manipulations in the conditions of a simulation center and clinic, and formation of awareness of the practical activity of a doctor thanks to the use of an integrative approach of pathophysiology.Objective. To compare the quality of students' preparation for taking licensing integrated exam \"Krok\", the Unified State Qualification Exam, and the English language for professional purposes using the classical method and the proposed algorithm, which consists of five stages and makes it possible to provide an integrative approach with the transition from dominant memory stress to thinking and intelligence.Material and methods. We analyzed the effectiveness of preparing students for taking the licensing integrated exam \"Krok\", the Unified State Qualification Exam, and the English language for professional purposes using the classical method and the proposed algorithm.Results. The proposed analysis of 10 test tasks from the license integrated exam “Krok” database in Ukrainian and 5 test tasks in English for professional purposes in each practical session according to this algorithm. A notebook page for practical classes is divided by a vertical line as follows: 2/3 of the working area and 1/3 field. Next, test tasks are selected from the data bank on the topic of the lesson and 1 test task is written on 1 page in the upper part of the work area, i.e., you need to use 10 pages of the notebook for Ukrainian-language tests and 5 pages for professional English test. At the second stage, the correct answer is marked*. The third stage is to explain in writing why the indicated answer is correct and why each distractor is an incorrect answer. The fourth stage is to underline key words in the test. The fifth stage is to find an explanation of all the terms found in the test, the correct answer and distractors and write them in the fields.Conclusions. The application of the proposed algorithm in 5 stages of analysis of test tasks from the open database licensing integrated exam \"Krok\" in Ukrainian and test tasks in English for professional purposes allows to improve traditional types of education, to move from classical training of students to passing the license integrated exam \"Krok\", the Unified State Qualification Exam, English language professional orientation with a predominance of stress on memory (consciousness of the past) to the predominant use of thinking (concepts, judgments, inferences) and intellect (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, concretization, generalization), which will allow understanding the essence of test tasks and contribute to the development of awareness of the essence of the doctor's practical ac","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88672796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.10
S. Kolupayev, V. Lesovoy, N. Andonieva, I. Bielievtsova, M. Lisova
The aim: to study the X-ray density index (HU) in calcium-containing urinary stones with different structural and compositional features. The structural and compositional features of 118 samples of calcium-containing urinary stones, which were obtained as a result of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with kidney and ureteral stones were studied. The structural features of the stones were evaluated by conducting a crystal-optical analysis, during which the linear dimensions, shape, color and degree of transparency of crystalline elements were estimated, and the volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phases in the sample structure were calculated. The compositional features of kidney stones were studied on the basis of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their mineral composition by infrared spectroscopy. X-ray density of calcium-containing kidney stones was assessed based on the data of computed tomography without contrast, which was performed in all patients in the preoperative period. Structural and compositional features of calcium-containing urinary stones are characterized by the presence in their composition of calcium oxalate compounds in the form of vewellite and weddelite, as well as calcium phosphate in the form of apatite, hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, carbonate apatite, which, depending on the stage of crystallization, can be in amorphous, amorphous-crystalline or crystalline state. The X-ray density of this type of urinary stones, according to multislice computed tomography, corresponds to the range of 1090-1785 HU. There is a direct correlation between the level of X-ray density of the stone and the volume fraction of the crystalline phase in its structure.
{"title":"Possibilities of multislice computed tomography in assessing the structural and compositional features of calcium-containing urinary stones","authors":"S. Kolupayev, V. Lesovoy, N. Andonieva, I. Bielievtsova, M. Lisova","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim: to study the X-ray density index (HU) in calcium-containing urinary stones with different structural and compositional features. The structural and compositional features of 118 samples of calcium-containing urinary stones, which were obtained as a result of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with kidney and ureteral stones were studied. The structural features of the stones were evaluated by conducting a crystal-optical analysis, during which the linear dimensions, shape, color and degree of transparency of crystalline elements were estimated, and the volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phases in the sample structure were calculated. The compositional features of kidney stones were studied on the basis of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their mineral composition by infrared spectroscopy. X-ray density of calcium-containing kidney stones was assessed based on the data of computed tomography without contrast, which was performed in all patients in the preoperative period. Structural and compositional features of calcium-containing urinary stones are characterized by the presence in their composition of calcium oxalate compounds in the form of vewellite and weddelite, as well as calcium phosphate in the form of apatite, hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, carbonate apatite, which, depending on the stage of crystallization, can be in amorphous, amorphous-crystalline or crystalline state. The X-ray density of this type of urinary stones, according to multislice computed tomography, corresponds to the range of 1090-1785 HU. There is a direct correlation between the level of X-ray density of the stone and the volume fraction of the crystalline phase in its structure.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74383027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.15
K. Levandovska
Relevance. Improving the quality of medical training of future doctors takes place on the basis of the introduction of innovative forms of education, namely, a competency-based approach to the educational process, which ensures the formation of students' competencies and competency levels of graduates of higher medical educational institutions. Today, the main task of higher medical education is the implementation of a competence approach in the professional training of future specialists, which consists not only in the formation of professional knowledge and skills, but also in the training of a modern, motivated, competent doctor who is deeply aware of his crucial role in society. The main components of professional competence are the ability to obtain and use knowledge with the help of clinical thinking, the combination of theoretical knowledge with the possibility of their application in everyday practice. Distance learning provided an opportunity to learn new learning opportunities, communicate and study at a distance. This sets requirements for the organization of the educational process of students, which ensures the formation of professional competencies of students, especially taking into account the student-centered direction of study.The goal of the work. To analyze the formation of professional competence among medical students based on the teaching of the elective subject "Current issues of cardiology" in the conditions of distance learning.Materials and methods. In the process of study this selective discipline, such teaching methods as explanatory-illustrative (informational-receptive), which is aimed at conveying information in various ways, especially with the use of modern technological teaching aids; reproductive, the essence of which consists in the master's reproduction of acquired knowledge in a specific methodical sequence according to etiopathogenetic ideas; problem statement - simulation of clinical history and finding its solution from the focus of knowledge of the main disciplines and pathologies of the cardiovascular system; heuristic method – an approach to learning, in which some parts of the clinical situation are determined in advance, and masters complete, objectify and solve the raised problematic questions; exploratory - the implementation of tasks that require a creative approach and increased systematic study are used.The results. In the conditions of distance learning, due to the inability of the student to study in the clinic and acquire practical skills at the bedside and in the training centers of the department, such teaching methods as the case method and simulation training made it possible to develop clinical thinking, vision of the problem and its solution using the acquired theoretical and practical knowledge .Conclusions. Improving the system of professional training of new generation medical specialists requires improvement of professional competence, a high level of professional skills, which will
{"title":"Formation of professional competence in medical students in distance education conditions","authors":"K. Levandovska","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Improving the quality of medical training of future doctors takes place on the basis of the introduction of innovative forms of education, namely, a competency-based approach to the educational process, which ensures the formation of students' competencies and competency levels of graduates of higher medical educational institutions. Today, the main task of higher medical education is the implementation of a competence approach in the professional training of future specialists, which consists not only in the formation of professional knowledge and skills, but also in the training of a modern, motivated, competent doctor who is deeply aware of his crucial role in society. The main components of professional competence are the ability to obtain and use knowledge with the help of clinical thinking, the combination of theoretical knowledge with the possibility of their application in everyday practice. Distance learning provided an opportunity to learn new learning opportunities, communicate and study at a distance. This sets requirements for the organization of the educational process of students, which ensures the formation of professional competencies of students, especially taking into account the student-centered direction of study.The goal of the work. To analyze the formation of professional competence among medical students based on the teaching of the elective subject \"Current issues of cardiology\" in the conditions of distance learning.Materials and methods. In the process of study this selective discipline, such teaching methods as explanatory-illustrative (informational-receptive), which is aimed at conveying information in various ways, especially with the use of modern technological teaching aids; reproductive, the essence of which consists in the master's reproduction of acquired knowledge in a specific methodical sequence according to etiopathogenetic ideas; problem statement - simulation of clinical history and finding its solution from the focus of knowledge of the main disciplines and pathologies of the cardiovascular system; heuristic method – an approach to learning, in which some parts of the clinical situation are determined in advance, and masters complete, objectify and solve the raised problematic questions; exploratory - the implementation of tasks that require a creative approach and increased systematic study are used.The results. In the conditions of distance learning, due to the inability of the student to study in the clinic and acquire practical skills at the bedside and in the training centers of the department, such teaching methods as the case method and simulation training made it possible to develop clinical thinking, vision of the problem and its solution using the acquired theoretical and practical knowledge .Conclusions. Improving the system of professional training of new generation medical specialists requires improvement of professional competence, a high level of professional skills, which will","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79204214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.8
A. I. Shurma, F. Grynchuk
Aim. In the experiment, the possibility of intraperitoneal application of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of acute peritonitis (AP) was investigated.Materials and methods. 60 non-linear white rats. AP was modeled by intra-abdominal puncture of 20% autofecal mixture. After 12 hours, a laparotomy and sanitation of the peritoneal cavity were performed. In 30 animals (control), a solution of decamethoxine was used. In the experiment, after sanitation, a solution of G-CSF on NaCl was injected into the peritoneal cavity at a dose of 0.1 million units per 100 g of mass. After 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, a relaparotomy was performed and the parietal peritoneum was taken for examination. The number of cells was counted on digital copies of histological preparations.The results. After 6 hours: in the control, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PLL) - 2.7±0.39, in the experiment - 3.9±0.38 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of lymphocytes (LC) - 0.2±0.13, in the experiment - 0.7±0.33 (р<0.05). After 12 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 3.1±0.62, in the experiment - 4.6±0.45 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of LC - 0-1 in the field of vision, in the experiment - 1.8±0.33; in the experiment, the number of fibroblasts (FB) was 0.9±0.27. After 24 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 3.3±0.39, in the experiment - 1.3±0.33; in the control, the number of LC - 1.8±0.41, in the experiment - 2.3±0.33; in the control, the number of FB - 0.4±0.16, in the experiment - 1.6±0.31 (р<0.01); in the control, the number of macrophages (MF) - 0.4±0.16, in the experiment - 0.7±0.21; in the experiment, the number of plasma cells (PC) was 1.1±0.28. After 48 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 2.1±0.27, in the experiment - 1.4±0.31 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of LC - 2.2±0.29, in the experiment - 3.3±0.37 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of FB - 1.9±0.34, in the experiment - 2.9±0.23 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of macrophages (MF) – 2.0±0.36, in the experiment – 3.4±0.22 (р<0.01); in the control, the number of PCs was 0.9±0.28, in the experiment - 3.1±0.27 (р<0.01). Conclusions. In animals with AP models, signs of a delay in the local response of immunocompetent cells for 12-24 hours, regeneration processes for 24-48 hours, and slowing down of the regression of the inflammatory process in the peritoneum are observed after the peritoneal cavity is cleaned with a decamethoxine solution. In animals that received intraperitoneal instillation of G-CSF after rehabilitation, signs of early activation of the local reaction of immune cells and regeneration processes are observed, along with the acceleration of the regression of inflammation. The results of the experiments indicate that intraperitoneal instillation of G-CSF can be used under clinical conditions for the treatment of patients with AP.
{"title":"Experimental study of intra-peritoneal instilation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of acute peritonitis","authors":"A. I. Shurma, F. Grynchuk","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.4.104.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In the experiment, the possibility of intraperitoneal application of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of acute peritonitis (AP) was investigated.Materials and methods. 60 non-linear white rats. AP was modeled by intra-abdominal puncture of 20% autofecal mixture. After 12 hours, a laparotomy and sanitation of the peritoneal cavity were performed. In 30 animals (control), a solution of decamethoxine was used. In the experiment, after sanitation, a solution of G-CSF on NaCl was injected into the peritoneal cavity at a dose of 0.1 million units per 100 g of mass. After 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, a relaparotomy was performed and the parietal peritoneum was taken for examination. The number of cells was counted on digital copies of histological preparations.The results. After 6 hours: in the control, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PLL) - 2.7±0.39, in the experiment - 3.9±0.38 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of lymphocytes (LC) - 0.2±0.13, in the experiment - 0.7±0.33 (р<0.05). After 12 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 3.1±0.62, in the experiment - 4.6±0.45 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of LC - 0-1 in the field of vision, in the experiment - 1.8±0.33; in the experiment, the number of fibroblasts (FB) was 0.9±0.27. After 24 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 3.3±0.39, in the experiment - 1.3±0.33; in the control, the number of LC - 1.8±0.41, in the experiment - 2.3±0.33; in the control, the number of FB - 0.4±0.16, in the experiment - 1.6±0.31 (р<0.01); in the control, the number of macrophages (MF) - 0.4±0.16, in the experiment - 0.7±0.21; in the experiment, the number of plasma cells (PC) was 1.1±0.28. After 48 hours: in the control, the number of PLL - 2.1±0.27, in the experiment - 1.4±0.31 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of LC - 2.2±0.29, in the experiment - 3.3±0.37 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of FB - 1.9±0.34, in the experiment - 2.9±0.23 (р<0.05); in the control, the number of macrophages (MF) – 2.0±0.36, in the experiment – 3.4±0.22 (р<0.01); in the control, the number of PCs was 0.9±0.28, in the experiment - 3.1±0.27 (р<0.01). Conclusions. In animals with AP models, signs of a delay in the local response of immunocompetent cells for 12-24 hours, regeneration processes for 24-48 hours, and slowing down of the regression of the inflammatory process in the peritoneum are observed after the peritoneal cavity is cleaned with a decamethoxine solution. In animals that received intraperitoneal instillation of G-CSF after rehabilitation, signs of early activation of the local reaction of immune cells and regeneration processes are observed, along with the acceleration of the regression of inflammation. The results of the experiments indicate that intraperitoneal instillation of G-CSF can be used under clinical conditions for the treatment of patients with AP.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80917769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.10
M. I. Prokosa
The article presents the results of a clinical study of the effectiveness of the cytoprotective drug quercetin as a part of combined antihypertensive therapy on indices of endothelial function and daily blood pressure profile. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative assessment of the dynamics of indices in 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) and cytokine levels in patients with hypertension, depending on using quercetin in treatment.Materials and methods. 120 patients with stage II hypertension of 2–3 degrees (66 female and 54 male) were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (study) – 58 patients who took quercetin (Corvitin®) in addition to basic therapy, mean age 57.87±13.6 years; II group (comparison) – 62 patients who underwent only basic antihypertensive therapy (Ramipril/Amlodipine), mean age 59.09±12.47 years. The results. During the administration of quercetin along with the standard basic therapy with the combination of Ramipril/Amlodipine in patients with stage II hypertension of 2-3 degrees of severity, more pronounced significant positive changes in the major indices of 24-hour BPM were observed, an increase in the ratio of people with a “dipper” profile due to a decrease in the number of patients with an insufficient reduction in nocturnal BP, an excessive drop in nocturnal BP or its persistent increase. The additional administration of quercetin contributes to the more effective correction of endothelial dysfunction indices: it significantly reduces the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules (s-VCAM), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (s-ICAM-1), ET-1, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a. During the administration of basic therapy, changes in IL-1 and ET-1 levels were less pronounced and insignificant. Correlation analysis shows the close relationship between a decrease in the main indices of 24-hour BPM and a decrease in the concentration of the cytokines, which characterize the state of endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation.Conclusion. The use of quercetin reliably reduces the levels of cytokines, which ensures a reduction in the manifestations of ED and contributes to better control of all blood pressure indices and normalization of the daily profile of blood pressure.
{"title":"The role of endothelial protection in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension: the effectiveness of quercetin","authors":"M. I. Prokosa","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a clinical study of the effectiveness of the cytoprotective drug quercetin as a part of combined antihypertensive therapy on indices of endothelial function and daily blood pressure profile. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative assessment of the dynamics of indices in 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) and cytokine levels in patients with hypertension, depending on using quercetin in treatment.Materials and methods. 120 patients with stage II hypertension of 2–3 degrees (66 female and 54 male) were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (study) – 58 patients who took quercetin (Corvitin®) in addition to basic therapy, mean age 57.87±13.6 years; II group (comparison) – 62 patients who underwent only basic antihypertensive therapy (Ramipril/Amlodipine), mean age 59.09±12.47 years. The results. During the administration of quercetin along with the standard basic therapy with the combination of Ramipril/Amlodipine in patients with stage II hypertension of 2-3 degrees of severity, more pronounced significant positive changes in the major indices of 24-hour BPM were observed, an increase in the ratio of people with a “dipper” profile due to a decrease in the number of patients with an insufficient reduction in nocturnal BP, an excessive drop in nocturnal BP or its persistent increase. The additional administration of quercetin contributes to the more effective correction of endothelial dysfunction indices: it significantly reduces the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules (s-VCAM), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (s-ICAM-1), ET-1, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a. During the administration of basic therapy, changes in IL-1 and ET-1 levels were less pronounced and insignificant. Correlation analysis shows the close relationship between a decrease in the main indices of 24-hour BPM and a decrease in the concentration of the cytokines, which characterize the state of endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation.Conclusion. The use of quercetin reliably reduces the levels of cytokines, which ensures a reduction in the manifestations of ED and contributes to better control of all blood pressure indices and normalization of the daily profile of blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.14
Ю.В. Москаленко, А.В. Курочкін, Yu.V. Moskalenko, A. V. Kurochkin
Biopsy of sentinel lymphatics has reliably entered the guidelines for diagnosing and treating many malignant neoplasms, but the situation in patients with thyroid cancer remains debatable.Objective. The purpose of the work is the search, bibliometric analysis, and generalization of scientific literature data to study the prognostic value and features of regional metastasis of highly differentiated forms of thyroid cancer, as well as the study of sentinel lymph node biopsy techniques.Materials and methods. Two hundred forty-two literature sources containing information on sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer were examined. The data search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the following key terms: "thyroid cancer," "sentinel lymph node biopsy," and "dyes." Using visualization tools and modern citation metrics SciVal (Scopus) with the application of an online platform for monitoring and analyzing international scientific research, it was possible to perform a bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric networks were constructed and visualized using VOSviewer.Results and conclusions. Regional metastasis can occur both in stages and with the omission of the predicted department. Lymph nodes of the ipsilateral central department occupy the first place in damage frequency.Regional metastasis is recognized as a negative prognostic factor for the development of locoregional recurrence of the disease. The mortality rate increases only in risk factors such as age <45 years, bulky thyroid tumor, and involvement of up to 6 metastatic lymph nodes. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the contrast during sentinel lymph node biopsy is the negative predictive value and the false negative rate. According to the bibliographic analysis, interest in sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thyroid cancer continues to grow from 1998 to the present. With the help of the VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization tool, it was possible to analyze 242 scientific articles.
前哨淋巴结活检已可靠地进入许多恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗指南，但甲状腺癌患者的情况仍有争议。本工作的目的是对科学文献资料进行检索、文献计量学分析和归纳，以研究高分化甲状腺癌区域转移的预后价值和特征，以及前哨淋巴结活检技术的研究。材料和方法。我们检查了242篇关于乳头状和滤泡性甲状腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检的文献。在PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science和Google Scholar的电子数据库中进行数据搜索，使用以下关键词:“甲状腺癌”，“前哨淋巴结活检”和“染料”。利用可视化工具和现代引文计量方法SciVal (Scopus)，结合监测和分析国际科学研究的在线平台，进行文献计量分析成为可能。利用VOSviewer构建文献计量网络并进行可视化。结果和结论。局部转移既可以分期发生，也可以遗漏预测的部门。同侧中央部淋巴结损伤发生率居首位。区域转移被认为是疾病局部复发的负面预后因素。死亡率仅在以下危险因素中增加:年龄<45岁、甲状腺肿大和累及多达6个转移性淋巴结。前哨淋巴结活检造影剂有效性的主要标准是阴性预测值和假阴性率。根据文献分析，从1998年到现在，对甲状腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检的兴趣持续增长。在VOSviewer文献计量网络可视化工具的帮助下，可以分析242篇科学文章。
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with thyroid gland cancer","authors":"Ю.В. Москаленко, А.В. Курочкін, Yu.V. Moskalenko, A. V. Kurochkin","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Biopsy of sentinel lymphatics has reliably entered the guidelines for diagnosing and treating many malignant neoplasms, but the situation in patients with thyroid cancer remains debatable.Objective. The purpose of the work is the search, bibliometric analysis, and generalization of scientific literature data to study the prognostic value and features of regional metastasis of highly differentiated forms of thyroid cancer, as well as the study of sentinel lymph node biopsy techniques.Materials and methods. Two hundred forty-two literature sources containing information on sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer were examined. The data search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the following key terms: \"thyroid cancer,\" \"sentinel lymph node biopsy,\" and \"dyes.\" Using visualization tools and modern citation metrics SciVal (Scopus) with the application of an online platform for monitoring and analyzing international scientific research, it was possible to perform a bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric networks were constructed and visualized using VOSviewer.Results and conclusions. Regional metastasis can occur both in stages and with the omission of the predicted department. Lymph nodes of the ipsilateral central department occupy the first place in damage frequency.Regional metastasis is recognized as a negative prognostic factor for the development of locoregional recurrence of the disease. The mortality rate increases only in risk factors such as age <45 years, bulky thyroid tumor, and involvement of up to 6 metastatic lymph nodes. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the contrast during sentinel lymph node biopsy is the negative predictive value and the false negative rate. According to the bibliographic analysis, interest in sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thyroid cancer continues to grow from 1998 to the present. With the help of the VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization tool, it was possible to analyze 242 scientific articles.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"4018 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.12
V. Kryvetskyi, D. Proniaiev, T. Protsak, B. Banul, N. Yemelianenko, V. Voloshyn
The history of lymphatic system research goes back to ancient times. Lymph nodes were likely first mentioned in the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt. Hippocrates (5th century BC) in the 5th century BC was one of the first to mention the lymphatic system. One of the first descriptions of what can be attributed to lymphatic vessels can be found in Aristotle. The Byzantine physician Pavlo Aeginsky was a famous surgeon who illustrated the tonsils and performed the first tonsillectomy, which allowed him to identify and describe infected cervical lymph nodes. Indian and Islamic medicine, especially Avicenna, gave interesting descriptions of lymphedema (elephant disease) due to frequent parasitic infections which are more common in eastern regions. Rufus of Ephesus, a Roman physician, discovered the axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the thymus, in the 1st-2nd century AD. The first mention of lymphatic vessels was in the 3rd century BC by Herophilus, a Greek anatomist who lived in Alexandria. The Alexandrian school made significant contributions to the study of the lymphatic system stemming from the works of Galen. However, whether the structures described were lymphatic vessels is still debated. Erasistratus, during the dissection of a dairy lamb, showed that the abdominal arteries are filled with milk. Very likely, this is the first misinterpreted study of mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Based on the first observations made by the medieval Arab anatomist ibn Al-Nafis, the Spanish scientist and theologian Miguel Servetus, and the Italian anatomist Realdo Colombo, who described pulmonary circulation, and Andrea Cesalpino, who first introduced the term "circulation" in relation to the cardiovascular system, it was established basic regularities of the structure of the lymphatic system. In the middle of the 16th century, Gabriele Fallopio (researcher of fallopian tubes) described the vessels now known as "mammary glands". Based on all these discoveries, the Italian surgeon and anatomist Giovanni Guglielmo Riva was the first to present a graphic representation of the lymphatic system in two of his four oil paintings, which are now kept in the Academy of History "Arte Sanitaria" in Rome.
{"title":"History of the development of the lymphatic system (part one)","authors":"V. Kryvetskyi, D. Proniaiev, T. Protsak, B. Banul, N. Yemelianenko, V. Voloshyn","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"The history of lymphatic system research goes back to ancient times. Lymph nodes were likely first mentioned in the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt. Hippocrates (5th century BC) in the 5th century BC was one of the first to mention the lymphatic system. One of the first descriptions of what can be attributed to lymphatic vessels can be found in Aristotle. The Byzantine physician Pavlo Aeginsky was a famous surgeon who illustrated the tonsils and performed the first tonsillectomy, which allowed him to identify and describe infected cervical lymph nodes. Indian and Islamic medicine, especially Avicenna, gave interesting descriptions of lymphedema (elephant disease) due to frequent parasitic infections which are more common in eastern regions. Rufus of Ephesus, a Roman physician, discovered the axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the thymus, in the 1st-2nd century AD. The first mention of lymphatic vessels was in the 3rd century BC by Herophilus, a Greek anatomist who lived in Alexandria. The Alexandrian school made significant contributions to the study of the lymphatic system stemming from the works of Galen. However, whether the structures described were lymphatic vessels is still debated. Erasistratus, during the dissection of a dairy lamb, showed that the abdominal arteries are filled with milk. Very likely, this is the first misinterpreted study of mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Based on the first observations made by the medieval Arab anatomist ibn Al-Nafis, the Spanish scientist and theologian Miguel Servetus, and the Italian anatomist Realdo Colombo, who described pulmonary circulation, and Andrea Cesalpino, who first introduced the term \"circulation\" in relation to the cardiovascular system, it was established basic regularities of the structure of the lymphatic system. In the middle of the 16th century, Gabriele Fallopio (researcher of fallopian tubes) described the vessels now known as \"mammary glands\". Based on all these discoveries, the Italian surgeon and anatomist Giovanni Guglielmo Riva was the first to present a graphic representation of the lymphatic system in two of his four oil paintings, which are now kept in the Academy of History \"Arte Sanitaria\" in Rome.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85453503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.13
S. О. Gulyar
Review of the monograph by the team of authors, MD, professor O.P. Mintser, MD, professor M.M. Potyazhenko, Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor G.V. Nevoit ”Magnetoelectrochemical theory of metabolism. Conceptualization. Volume 1” has been published. It was received from the Ukrainian scientist-physiologist, professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Sergiy Olexandrovvch Gulyar. Professor S.O. Gulyar is one of the Ukrainian physiologists who studied the therapeutic effects of electromagnetic and magnetic fields on the human body, and he is a recognized expert in this scientific field. Professor S.A. Gulyar believes in this review that this monograph is of scientific and practical importance for medicine, since it significantly complements the existing system of medical knowledge. According to Professor S.A. Gular, this scientific work is one of the first attempts to generalize in a single logical system the existing fundamental knowledge regarding the electromagnetic physiology of the vital processes of the human body, medical and biological problems of transdisciplinarity and a systematic approach are considered for the first time in it, and this forms a new basis for understanding the human body - quantum. The e-book version can be found at the following links: http://repository.pdmu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/16848/1/MagnitoElectroChemicalTheoria_T1.pdf or http://surl.li/csjoj.
{"title":"Review of the monograph by the team of authors a.p. Mintser, M.M. Potyazhenko, G.V. Nevoit ”Magnetoelectrochemical theory of metabolism. Conceptualization”, volume (2021)","authors":"S. О. Gulyar","doi":"10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxvi.3.103.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the monograph by the team of authors, MD, professor O.P. Mintser, MD, professor M.M. Potyazhenko, Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor G.V. Nevoit ”Magnetoelectrochemical theory of metabolism. Conceptualization. Volume 1” has been published. It was received from the Ukrainian scientist-physiologist, professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Sergiy Olexandrovvch Gulyar. Professor S.O. Gulyar is one of the Ukrainian physiologists who studied the therapeutic effects of electromagnetic and magnetic fields on the human body, and he is a recognized expert in this scientific field. Professor S.A. Gulyar believes in this review that this monograph is of scientific and practical importance for medicine, since it significantly complements the existing system of medical knowledge. According to Professor S.A. Gular, this scientific work is one of the first attempts to generalize in a single logical system the existing fundamental knowledge regarding the electromagnetic physiology of the vital processes of the human body, medical and biological problems of transdisciplinarity and a systematic approach are considered for the first time in it, and this forms a new basis for understanding the human body - quantum. The e-book version can be found at the following links: http://repository.pdmu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/16848/1/MagnitoElectroChemicalTheoria_T1.pdf or http://surl.li/csjoj.","PeriodicalId":9270,"journal":{"name":"Bukovinian Medical Herald","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86313351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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