Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v18i1.4866
Aye Aye Wynn, Nang Khin Mya, Tin Tin Thein
Metastasis is defined as tumour implants discontinuous with the primary tumour. It is responsible for most cancer-related mortality. Many factors relating to the tumour and host factors are involved in the presence of metastasis and the long-term prognosis of the disease process. This study observed available literature and aims to emphasise tumours and their interaction with the tumour microenvironment. Epigenetic and genetic influences on pathogenesis, tumour and microenvironment interaction, role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastasis are essential determinants of advanced malignant diseases. Early detection of metastatic disease is an essential part. The histopathological aggressiveness of a tumour and its biological behaviour determine the probability of metastasis and advanced disease. Understanding these factors has a benefit to improving the current therapies and diagnostic approaches to an advanced level, leading to the prevention of metastasis and more successful management of patients.
{"title":"Escape from Original Home: Do Metastatic Cells Stay Dormant or Destructive?","authors":"Aye Aye Wynn, Nang Khin Mya, Tin Tin Thein ","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v18i1.4866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v18i1.4866","url":null,"abstract":"Metastasis is defined as tumour implants discontinuous with the primary tumour. It is responsible for most cancer-related mortality. Many factors relating to the tumour and host factors are involved in the presence of metastasis and the long-term prognosis of the disease process. This study observed available literature and aims to emphasise tumours and their interaction with the tumour microenvironment. Epigenetic and genetic influences on pathogenesis, tumour and microenvironment interaction, role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastasis are essential determinants of advanced malignant diseases. Early detection of metastatic disease is an essential part. The histopathological aggressiveness of a tumour and its biological behaviour determine the probability of metastasis and advanced disease. Understanding these factors has a benefit to improving the current therapies and diagnostic approaches to an advanced level, leading to the prevention of metastasis and more successful management of patients.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"321 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Sabah, the research tradition still needs to be improved due to the need for more participation of specialists in the field of research. Their views and attitudes towards research still need to be improved and expanded. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the willingness of specialists to participate in research and their attitude towards research, as well as the barriers and facilitators in conducting research in government hospitals. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among specialists in three government hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah using self-administered questionnaires. A total of 49 specialists responded to the questionnaires distributed. Only 44.9% of respondents were involved in research. All the respondents thought that research was advantageous to both patients and society. However, lack of access to expertise, software or statistical analysis and too much red tape in obtaining approvals were among the top barriers to doing research. The main facilitators were to receive acknowledgement of research achievement for their career advancement. In conclusion, most specialists have a positive perception towards research, but more than half of them were not involved in any research during this study.
{"title":"Malaysian Specialists’ Involvement in Research: Attitudes, Barriers and Facilitators","authors":"None Bing-Ling Kueh, None Juhanah Gimbo, None Katinah Majunkob, None Fatrina Simon, None Ammar Rafidah Saptu, None Mui-Nyuk Wong","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4269","url":null,"abstract":"In Sabah, the research tradition still needs to be improved due to the need for more participation of specialists in the field of research. Their views and attitudes towards research still need to be improved and expanded. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the willingness of specialists to participate in research and their attitude towards research, as well as the barriers and facilitators in conducting research in government hospitals. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among specialists in three government hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah using self-administered questionnaires. A total of 49 specialists responded to the questionnaires distributed. Only 44.9% of respondents were involved in research. All the respondents thought that research was advantageous to both patients and society. However, lack of access to expertise, software or statistical analysis and too much red tape in obtaining approvals were among the top barriers to doing research. The main facilitators were to receive acknowledgement of research achievement for their career advancement. In conclusion, most specialists have a positive perception towards research, but more than half of them were not involved in any research during this study.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4335
None Cindy Chin, None Dayang Corieza Febriany
Less than 100 cases of uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have been documented. The true incidence remains unknown with 30% complicated by hypovolemic shock. Women who experience unexplained vaginal bleeding may consider this diagnosis. We chose to emphasize this case because, while being a rare disease, it could cause mortality if misdiagnosed. In this case, a 23-year-old lady, para 1+2 with a history of several miscarriages and curettage, complained of per vaginal bleeding more than 2 months after her suction and curettage on September 2018. Her second visit was managed as having retained product of conception and another curettage was conducted. Despite this, the patient still has worsening vaginal bleeding which leads to her third visit. A bedside ultrasound was conducted and suspected uterine AVM. This was then further confirmed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the pelvis and pelvis angiography. Five Micronester coils and 10% Histoacryl adhesive were used to successfully embolize the uterine artery. This case report served as a valuable lesson on the importance of having a proper diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid fatal misdiagnosis which could have disastrous consequences.
{"title":"Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Near-Missed Fatal Misdiagnosis?","authors":"None Cindy Chin, None Dayang Corieza Febriany","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4335","url":null,"abstract":"Less than 100 cases of uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have been documented. The true incidence remains unknown with 30% complicated by hypovolemic shock. Women who experience unexplained vaginal bleeding may consider this diagnosis. We chose to emphasize this case because, while being a rare disease, it could cause mortality if misdiagnosed. In this case, a 23-year-old lady, para 1+2 with a history of several miscarriages and curettage, complained of per vaginal bleeding more than 2 months after her suction and curettage on September 2018. Her second visit was managed as having retained product of conception and another curettage was conducted. Despite this, the patient still has worsening vaginal bleeding which leads to her third visit. A bedside ultrasound was conducted and suspected uterine AVM. This was then further confirmed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the pelvis and pelvis angiography. Five Micronester coils and 10% Histoacryl adhesive were used to successfully embolize the uterine artery. This case report served as a valuable lesson on the importance of having a proper diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid fatal misdiagnosis which could have disastrous consequences.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4342
None Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Bin Shalihin, None Muhammad Akmal Bin Mohd Hisham, None Nur Athirah Binti Rozilah @ Abdul Hadi, None Nur Irdina Nabilah Bt Mohd Hisham
Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the most common conditions encountered in antenatal follow-up at primary care. Some targets need to be achieved and managed by healthcare professionals, especially at the earliest possible time and optimal level of haemoglobin in the pregnancy period. Nevertheless, some patients may end up with severe anaemia that was not successfully treated even at term. Therefore, an audit was conducted among antenatal women in a local health clinic to assess the patient’s haemoglobin level at booking and term, the management plan and to formulate strategies for improvement. This audit was conducted for two weeks using a universal sampling method in November 2022. All antenatal women who were already at term gestational period and attended the clinic during this period were included. The patients’ sociodemographic and health characteristics, haemoglobin level at booking and term as well as management plan were recorded. The data were entered into the statistical software SPSS version 23 for analysis. A total of 115 antenatal women were recruited and 87% of them were able to achieve target haemoglobin at term. Twenty-three of them had concomitant iron deficiency anaemia since the pre-pregnant state. Associated factors for successful anaemia treatment were those without concomitant IDA, those without side effects on iron supplements and those who did not require changes in the treatment course (P < 0.05). The majority of patients can achieve normal values of haemoglobin at term. Pre-pregnancy clinics to treat concomitant anaemia before pregnancy selective individualized iron supplementation to avoid side effects and maintaining the same medication groups would help treat morenumbers of antenatal women with anaemia.
{"title":"An Audit on Anaemia in Pregnancy Treatment in a Local Health Clinic","authors":"None Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Bin Shalihin, None Muhammad Akmal Bin Mohd Hisham, None Nur Athirah Binti Rozilah @ Abdul Hadi, None Nur Irdina Nabilah Bt Mohd Hisham","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4342","url":null,"abstract":"Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the most common conditions encountered in antenatal follow-up at primary care. Some targets need to be achieved and managed by healthcare professionals, especially at the earliest possible time and optimal level of haemoglobin in the pregnancy period. Nevertheless, some patients may end up with severe anaemia that was not successfully treated even at term. Therefore, an audit was conducted among antenatal women in a local health clinic to assess the patient’s haemoglobin level at booking and term, the management plan and to formulate strategies for improvement. This audit was conducted for two weeks using a universal sampling method in November 2022. All antenatal women who were already at term gestational period and attended the clinic during this period were included. The patients’ sociodemographic and health characteristics, haemoglobin level at booking and term as well as management plan were recorded. The data were entered into the statistical software SPSS version 23 for analysis. A total of 115 antenatal women were recruited and 87% of them were able to achieve target haemoglobin at term. Twenty-three of them had concomitant iron deficiency anaemia since the pre-pregnant state. Associated factors for successful anaemia treatment were those without concomitant IDA, those without side effects on iron supplements and those who did not require changes in the treatment course (P < 0.05). The majority of patients can achieve normal values of haemoglobin at term. Pre-pregnancy clinics to treat concomitant anaemia before pregnancy selective individualized iron supplementation to avoid side effects and maintaining the same medication groups would help treat morenumbers of antenatal women with anaemia.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4345
None Liong Swee Lee, None Lim Thiam Hou, None Mohammad Ridzwan Bin Bihem, None Ilyana Binti Rosli
This study was to determine the causes of visual impairment and to identify the low vision prescribing pattern among Low Vision Clinic (LVC) patients in the Sibu Hospital. This study was conducted retrospectively among 41 patients attending the LVC, Sibu Hospital. Patients’ demographic characteristics, causes of low vision and blindness, and types of low vision devices prescribed were recorded and analysed for 21 (52.5%) males and 19 (47.5%) females. The mean age was 39.38 ± 17.98 years. The main causes of visual impairment were retinal dystrophies in 12 cases (30.0%) followed by neurological causes in 9 cases (22.5%), glaucoma in 8 cases (20.0%), and acquired macular disorders in 4 cases (10.0%). A total of 27 low vision devices were dispensed, 85.2% (n = 23) were near devices and 14.8% (n = 4) were distance devices. The most frequently prescribed low vision devices (LVD) were video magnifiers (37.0%), followed by hand magnifiers (22.2%), spectacle magnifiers (14.8%), telescopes (14.8%) and stand magnifiers (11.1%). The main leading causes of visual impairment in LVC Sibu Hospital were retinal dystrophies. Video magnifiers were the most common type of low-vision device prescribed. A prompt comprehensive screening is urged for family members with retinal dystrophies to detect the diseases early and hence timely exposure to low vision care and rehabilitation. Familial counselling on inherited retinal diseases and better screening by primary eye care providers are required. Low vision services should be an integral part of the eye care systems in Malaysia.
{"title":"Causes of Visual Impairment and Types of Low Vision Aids Prescribed in Low Vision Clinic, Sibu Hospital, Sarawak","authors":"None Liong Swee Lee, None Lim Thiam Hou, None Mohammad Ridzwan Bin Bihem, None Ilyana Binti Rosli","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4345","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to determine the causes of visual impairment and to identify the low vision prescribing pattern among Low Vision Clinic (LVC) patients in the Sibu Hospital. This study was conducted retrospectively among 41 patients attending the LVC, Sibu Hospital. Patients’ demographic characteristics, causes of low vision and blindness, and types of low vision devices prescribed were recorded and analysed for 21 (52.5%) males and 19 (47.5%) females. The mean age was 39.38 ± 17.98 years. The main causes of visual impairment were retinal dystrophies in 12 cases (30.0%) followed by neurological causes in 9 cases (22.5%), glaucoma in 8 cases (20.0%), and acquired macular disorders in 4 cases (10.0%). A total of 27 low vision devices were dispensed, 85.2% (n = 23) were near devices and 14.8% (n = 4) were distance devices. The most frequently prescribed low vision devices (LVD) were video magnifiers (37.0%), followed by hand magnifiers (22.2%), spectacle magnifiers (14.8%), telescopes (14.8%) and stand magnifiers (11.1%). The main leading causes of visual impairment in LVC Sibu Hospital were retinal dystrophies. Video magnifiers were the most common type of low-vision device prescribed. A prompt comprehensive screening is urged for family members with retinal dystrophies to detect the diseases early and hence timely exposure to low vision care and rehabilitation. Familial counselling on inherited retinal diseases and better screening by primary eye care providers are required. Low vision services should be an integral part of the eye care systems in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4389
None Umadhevan Kanapathy, None Tan Jin Rong, None Shamsudin Omar
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of micturition (urination) during flexible cystoscopy in alleviating urethral pain in males. A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 103 male outpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Participants, aged 18–80, undergoing flexible cystoscopy were randomly assigned to either a control or interventional group. The interventional group was instructed to urinate during the procedure, while the control group received no such instructions. All patients received standard lidocaine gel before the examination. Patient discomfort was assessed using Visual Analogue Scores (VAS) at three points: before gel instillation (baseline), immediately after the procedure, and 15 minutes post-examination. Age, BMI, duration of the examination, and examiner experience were also recorded to explore their correlation with the immediate post-procedure pain score. The interventional group reported significantly lower pain scores immediately after the procedure (p < 0.001) and 15 minutes later (p < 0.005) compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in age, BMI, examination duration, or examiner experience level between the two groups regarding the pain score immediately post-procedure. These findings suggest that urination during flexible cystoscopy can substantially alleviate urinary discomfort and lead to a significant reduction in urethral pain in males. This approach mayprovide a valuable method to improve patient comfort during the procedure.
{"title":"POUR-UP: Power of Urination in Relieving Urethral Pain During Flexible Cystoscopy in Males","authors":"None Umadhevan Kanapathy, None Tan Jin Rong, None Shamsudin Omar","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4389","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of micturition (urination) during flexible cystoscopy in alleviating urethral pain in males. A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 103 male outpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Participants, aged 18–80, undergoing flexible cystoscopy were randomly assigned to either a control or interventional group. The interventional group was instructed to urinate during the procedure, while the control group received no such instructions. All patients received standard lidocaine gel before the examination. Patient discomfort was assessed using Visual Analogue Scores (VAS) at three points: before gel instillation (baseline), immediately after the procedure, and 15 minutes post-examination. Age, BMI, duration of the examination, and examiner experience were also recorded to explore their correlation with the immediate post-procedure pain score. The interventional group reported significantly lower pain scores immediately after the procedure (p < 0.001) and 15 minutes later (p < 0.005) compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in age, BMI, examination duration, or examiner experience level between the two groups regarding the pain score immediately post-procedure. These findings suggest that urination during flexible cystoscopy can substantially alleviate urinary discomfort and lead to a significant reduction in urethral pain in males. This approach mayprovide a valuable method to improve patient comfort during the procedure.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric spectrum mainly caused by cirrhosis, portosystemic shunt, or portal hypertension. It may also mimic the presentation of Parkinson’s disease, which can make clinical diagnosis a challenge. A 42-year-old man with underlying chronic hepatitis C with liver cirrhosis was initially admitted for chronic lower back pain. During admission, he appeared drowsy but was able to answer questions appropriately albeit with delayed and slow speech. He had bradykinesia without stigmata of chronic liver disease. Differentials at the time were hypoactive delirium and Parkinson’s disease. Blood results were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical hyperintensities at the inferior temporal lobes, medial thalamus, cingulate gyri, head of caudate nuclei, posterior limbs of internal capsules and insula on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. On the T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) sequence, bilateral symmetrical hyperintensities were seen at globus pallidi, cerebral peduncles and periaqueductal regions extending to superior cerebellar peduncles. Based on imaging, a diagnosis of acute chronic hepatic encephalopathy was made. The patient was treated conservatively in the ward and was discharged with persistent Parkinsonism. In patients with neurological abnormalities where hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is least expected due to subtle symptoms, MRI could play an important role in eliciting the underlying cause, and extent of disease and for prognostication.
{"title":"Parkinson’s mimicker in Acute and Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy","authors":"None Mohamad Shahrunizam Awang Setia, None Mohamad Izzat Arslan Che Ros, None Nurul Hafidzah Rahim, None Nik Azuan Nik Ismail","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4257","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric spectrum mainly caused by cirrhosis, portosystemic shunt, or portal hypertension. It may also mimic the presentation of Parkinson’s disease, which can make clinical diagnosis a challenge. A 42-year-old man with underlying chronic hepatitis C with liver cirrhosis was initially admitted for chronic lower back pain. During admission, he appeared drowsy but was able to answer questions appropriately albeit with delayed and slow speech. He had bradykinesia without stigmata of chronic liver disease. Differentials at the time were hypoactive delirium and Parkinson’s disease. Blood results were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical hyperintensities at the inferior temporal lobes, medial thalamus, cingulate gyri, head of caudate nuclei, posterior limbs of internal capsules and insula on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. On the T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) sequence, bilateral symmetrical hyperintensities were seen at globus pallidi, cerebral peduncles and periaqueductal regions extending to superior cerebellar peduncles. Based on imaging, a diagnosis of acute chronic hepatic encephalopathy was made. The patient was treated conservatively in the ward and was discharged with persistent Parkinsonism. In patients with neurological abnormalities where hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is least expected due to subtle symptoms, MRI could play an important role in eliciting the underlying cause, and extent of disease and for prognostication.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multidrug-resistant microorganisms pose serious threats, especially to children from developing countries. Due to this concern, there is a greater need to develop potentially effective antibacterial agents from natural resources. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds of Persicaria odorata (L.) methanolic leaf extract and its antibacterial activity against selected bacteria. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution were used to test gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella flexneri). The bacteria were treated with P. odorata (L.) leaves extracted using methanol and diluted with 10% Dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). P. odorata (L.) leaf extract was highly effective against S. aureus at a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL. Gram-positive bacteria had the lowest MIC and MBC values. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of P. odorata (L.) leaves indicated the presence of antibacterial compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. In conclusion, P. odorata (L.) leaves which have been widely used in cuisines and traditional medicine also possess the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent.
{"title":"Investigation of Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Persicaria odorata (L.) Methanolic Leaf Extract Against Selected Bacteria","authors":"None Hartini Yusof, None Emiriatulemni Suhemi, None Aini Nabihah Mohd Rosdi, None Nurhanis Syahira Shakir, None Azrina Begam Mohd Ali, None Zana Jamal Kareem","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.4255","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug-resistant microorganisms pose serious threats, especially to children from developing countries. Due to this concern, there is a greater need to develop potentially effective antibacterial agents from natural resources. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds of Persicaria odorata (L.) methanolic leaf extract and its antibacterial activity against selected bacteria. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution were used to test gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella flexneri). The bacteria were treated with P. odorata (L.) leaves extracted using methanol and diluted with 10% Dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). P. odorata (L.) leaf extract was highly effective against S. aureus at a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL. Gram-positive bacteria had the lowest MIC and MBC values. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of P. odorata (L.) leaves indicated the presence of antibacterial compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. In conclusion, P. odorata (L.) leaves which have been widely used in cuisines and traditional medicine also possess the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A case report is one of the valuable articles in most medical-indexed journals. It is a scientific documentation of a single or more (traditionally less than 3) clinical case observation on the symptoms, signs, investigations, treatment, and follow-up showcasing the extensive medical review and knowledge (Carey, 2010). The ecosystem of submitting case reports for publication usually is practised among clinicians. Even though case report is found at the lower hierarchical level of evidence (Figure 1), it has its advantages, which are valuable to the medical literature (Burns et al, 2011; Nissen & Wynn, 2014), and clinical practices.
{"title":"From Clinical Images to Publishable Case Reports","authors":"None Firdaus Hayati, None Mohd Sani Sarjadi, None Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, None Irfan Mohamad","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i3.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i3.3152","url":null,"abstract":"A case report is one of the valuable articles in most medical-indexed journals. It is a scientific documentation of a single or more (traditionally less than 3) clinical case observation on the symptoms, signs, investigations, treatment, and follow-up showcasing the extensive medical review and knowledge (Carey, 2010). The ecosystem of submitting case reports for publication usually is practised among clinicians. Even though case report is found at the lower hierarchical level of evidence (Figure 1), it has its advantages, which are valuable to the medical literature (Burns et al, 2011; Nissen & Wynn, 2014), and clinical practices.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease that presents with symptoms like nasal discharge, blockage, and itchiness, which impair the quality of life of most patients depending on its severity. The most common symptom in AR patients is a persistent bilateral nasal blockage, which may indirectly and potentially affect the airflow into the lung. However, the symptoms can be controlled using intranasal steroid spray (INS). This study investigated the role of nasal obstruction in lowering blood oxygenation and how INS improved blood oxygenation. This study included 33 patients with AR. Subjects with moderate-to-severe nasal obstruction were recruited based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) – two puffs twice a day for two weeks was given. Pre- and post-medication parameters compared included nasal obstruction VAS, partial oxygen arterial pressure (PaO2), partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), and oxygen saturation (O2 saturation). All parameters were substantially different between pre- and post-medication. VAS, PaO2, PaCO2, and O2 saturation were significantly different before and after medicine (p<0.01). A comprehensive treatment of nasal obstruction using MFNS helps improve blood oxygenation and nasal obstruction in AR patients.
{"title":"The Effect of Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray on Blood Oxygenation in Allergic Rhinitis Patients","authors":"Mohamad Azizul Fitri Khalid, Ramiza Ramza Ramli, Rosdan Salim, Norasnieda Md Shukri, Sakinah Mohamad, Amirozi Ahmad","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i2.4361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i2.4361","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease that presents with symptoms like nasal discharge, blockage, and itchiness, which impair the quality of life of most patients depending on its severity. The most common symptom in AR patients is a persistent bilateral nasal blockage, which may indirectly and potentially affect the airflow into the lung. However, the symptoms can be controlled using intranasal steroid spray (INS). This study investigated the role of nasal obstruction in lowering blood oxygenation and how INS improved blood oxygenation. This study included 33 patients with AR. Subjects with moderate-to-severe nasal obstruction were recruited based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) – two puffs twice a day for two weeks was given. Pre- and post-medication parameters compared included nasal obstruction VAS, partial oxygen arterial pressure (PaO2), partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), and oxygen saturation (O2 saturation). All parameters were substantially different between pre- and post-medication. VAS, PaO2, PaCO2, and O2 saturation were significantly different before and after medicine (p<0.01). A comprehensive treatment of nasal obstruction using MFNS helps improve blood oxygenation and nasal obstruction in AR patients.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81388258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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