Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.31989/bchd.v5i12.1016
Sanaa Ahmed, A. Elmahdy, Eglal M. Kenawy, M. Abdulrehim, S. Shoeir, Ghada F Elmohaseb, E. Youssef, E. Bayoumy, Marwa Byomy
Background: The World Health Organization pronounced the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have multisystem thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. This study estimates the clinical characteristics of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) post-COVID-19 infection in three governorates of Egypt. Methods: A retrospective randomized study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. We revised medical records for patients presented to Ophthalmology departments with CRVO. We considered all patients above 30 years old of both sexes without risk factors for central vein occlusion. Results:Central retinal vein occlusion was observed in post-COVID syndrome at younger ages, rather than the ordinary cases. The most presenting symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and a cough with significant hypoxia and elevated D-dimer level. Conclusion:Our study asserts the importance of more investigation into ocular complications associated with COVID-19. Physicians should be vigilant for acute visual symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Patients presenting with thromboembolism should be screened for COVID-19 infection as a presumed etiology. D-dimer may have an important prognostic value for disease severity. Anti-coagulant medications may be required on a long-term basis after COVID-19 infections.Keywords: acute visual symptoms, ophthalmic evaluation, thromboembolism
{"title":"The prevalence of central retinal vein occlusion was observed in middle age patients with post-covid syndrome multicenter study","authors":"Sanaa Ahmed, A. Elmahdy, Eglal M. Kenawy, M. Abdulrehim, S. Shoeir, Ghada F Elmohaseb, E. Youssef, E. Bayoumy, Marwa Byomy","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i12.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i12.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization pronounced the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have multisystem thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. This study estimates the clinical characteristics of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) post-COVID-19 infection in three governorates of Egypt. Methods: A retrospective randomized study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. We revised medical records for patients presented to Ophthalmology departments with CRVO. We considered all patients above 30 years old of both sexes without risk factors for central vein occlusion. Results:Central retinal vein occlusion was observed in post-COVID syndrome at younger ages, rather than the ordinary cases. The most presenting symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and a cough with significant hypoxia and elevated D-dimer level. Conclusion:Our study asserts the importance of more investigation into ocular complications associated with COVID-19. Physicians should be vigilant for acute visual symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Patients presenting with thromboembolism should be screened for COVID-19 infection as a presumed etiology. D-dimer may have an important prognostic value for disease severity. Anti-coagulant medications may be required on a long-term basis after COVID-19 infections.Keywords: acute visual symptoms, ophthalmic evaluation, thromboembolism","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46613312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.31989/bchd.v5i11.1005
D. Martirosyan, M. Ashoori, Anne Serani, Kevin R. Zhang, H. Mirmiranpour
Background: Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disease can have serious consequences. Due to their chemical properties,bioactive compounds can play a role in diabetes management. Squalene is a natural oil and bioactive compound. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of squalene have been discussed in recent studies. Squalene plays a role in controlling diabetes by maintaining the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of different doses of squalene, on different days, on the levels of some oxidative indices and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in groups of people with type 2 diabetes and compare them with each other and healthy people.Methods: 150 individuals were recruited in this study. These individuals were separated into five groups. Group one contained 30 individuals, representing the healthy control group. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 included subjects with type 2 diabetes. Each of the subjects in groups 3, 4 and 5 received squalene in doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg as an oral capsule (liquid filled oral), respectively for 84 days. Subjects in Group 2 did not receive squalene. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (as antioxidant indicators) activities and the levels of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (as oxidant indicators) were assayed.Results: In 84 days, a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05) was observed in all the diabetic groups compared to the healthy group. In the comparison between groups receiving squalene with each other, there was a significant increase (P value < 0.05) in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, depending on squalene dose and time. There was not a statistically significant (P value > 0.05) increase in glutathione peroxidase activity. Statistically significant changes in oxidative indices were not dose-dependent or time-dependent.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a dose of 600 mg of squalene in 84 days is effective in increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and reducing hydrogen peroxide levels. Squalene can play an important role in controlling and reducing the consequences of diabetes caused by changes in the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Keywords: squalene, type 2 diabetes, T2D, antioxidant enzymes, bioactive compounds, free radicals
{"title":"Assessment of squalene effect on antioxidant enzymes and free radicals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"D. Martirosyan, M. Ashoori, Anne Serani, Kevin R. Zhang, H. Mirmiranpour","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i11.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i11.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disease can have serious consequences. Due to their chemical properties,bioactive compounds can play a role in diabetes management. Squalene is a natural oil and bioactive compound. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of squalene have been discussed in recent studies. Squalene plays a role in controlling diabetes by maintaining the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of different doses of squalene, on different days, on the levels of some oxidative indices and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in groups of people with type 2 diabetes and compare them with each other and healthy people.Methods: 150 individuals were recruited in this study. These individuals were separated into five groups. Group one contained 30 individuals, representing the healthy control group. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 included subjects with type 2 diabetes. Each of the subjects in groups 3, 4 and 5 received squalene in doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg as an oral capsule (liquid filled oral), respectively for 84 days. Subjects in Group 2 did not receive squalene. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (as antioxidant indicators) activities and the levels of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (as oxidant indicators) were assayed.Results: In 84 days, a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05) was observed in all the diabetic groups compared to the healthy group. In the comparison between groups receiving squalene with each other, there was a significant increase (P value < 0.05) in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, depending on squalene dose and time. There was not a statistically significant (P value > 0.05) increase in glutathione peroxidase activity. Statistically significant changes in oxidative indices were not dose-dependent or time-dependent.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a dose of 600 mg of squalene in 84 days is effective in increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and reducing hydrogen peroxide levels. Squalene can play an important role in controlling and reducing the consequences of diabetes caused by changes in the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Keywords: squalene, type 2 diabetes, T2D, antioxidant enzymes, bioactive compounds, free radicals","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.31989/bchd.v5i10.1000
M. Kussmann, David Henrique Abe Cunha
Nature has the answer to many of our questions about human health. Natural bioactives, especially when derived from sustainable plant and food sources, provide a plethora of molecular solutions to nutritionally actionable, chronic conditions. The spectrum of these conditions, such as metabolic, immune, and gastrointestinal disorders, has changed with prolonged human life span, which should be matched with an appropriately extended health span: “adding years to life and adding life to years”. Natural bioactives can be classified into micronutrients (i.e., vitamins, and minerals), phytonutrients, bioactive peptides,and pre-, pro-, post- and synbiotics. Bioactives act in concert and interact with the human host and its (gut) microbiome. Therefore, the future of translational science on natural bioactives is being built on a: (a) systems-level rather than reductionist approaches to understanding their interdependent, and at times additive functions, as well as their interactions with the human host and (gut) microbiome; and (b) the leverage of artificial intelligence for discovery and validation, thereby substantially reducing the time from idea and concept to finished solutions for consumers and patients. Rather than focusing on a particular class of bioactive food molecules, as often done in molecular food and nutrition articles, this review embraces a broad range of these bioactives and puts them into perspective regarding a more efficient and sustainable leverage of the biochemical richness of plants and foods for its diverse positive effects on human health.Keywords: bioactive, micronutrient, phytonutrient, prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, peptide, artificial intelligence, discovery, validation
{"title":"Nature has the answers: Discovering and validating natural bioactives for human health","authors":"M. Kussmann, David Henrique Abe Cunha","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i10.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i10.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has the answer to many of our questions about human health. Natural bioactives, especially when derived from sustainable plant and food sources, provide a plethora of molecular solutions to nutritionally actionable, chronic conditions. The spectrum of these conditions, such as metabolic, immune, and gastrointestinal disorders, has changed with prolonged human life span, which should be matched with an appropriately extended health span: “adding years to life and adding life to years”. Natural bioactives can be classified into micronutrients (i.e., vitamins, and minerals), phytonutrients, bioactive peptides,and pre-, pro-, post- and synbiotics. Bioactives act in concert and interact with the human host and its (gut) microbiome. Therefore, the future of translational science on natural bioactives is being built on a: (a) systems-level rather than reductionist approaches to understanding their interdependent, and at times additive functions, as well as their interactions with the human host and (gut) microbiome; and (b) the leverage of artificial intelligence for discovery and validation, thereby substantially reducing the time from idea and concept to finished solutions for consumers and patients. Rather than focusing on a particular class of bioactive food molecules, as often done in molecular food and nutrition articles, this review embraces a broad range of these bioactives and puts them into perspective regarding a more efficient and sustainable leverage of the biochemical richness of plants and foods for its diverse positive effects on human health.Keywords: bioactive, micronutrient, phytonutrient, prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, peptide, artificial intelligence, discovery, validation","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45692792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rejali, Stephanie Ozumerzifon, H. Nayeri, S. Asgary
Background and aims: The conservational effects of dietary interventions as advantageous instruments in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have gotten more attention in recent years. Numerous nutritional epidemiological studies have highlighted the ability of diets to decrease costly care and treatments as well as adverse side effects from standard treatments. Lycopene is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid that is present in tomatoes, processed tomato products, and different fruits like watermelon, autumn olive, gac, pink grapefruit, pink guava, papaya, sea buckthorn, and wolfberry. As one of the most powerful antioxidants among dietary tetraterpenoids, lycopene can also assist in lowering the risk of early death and extending life in patients with heart disease. By reducing the destructive effects of free radicals along with total and “bad” LDL cholesterol levels while increasing “good” HDL cholesterol, lycopene holds the power to reduce the risk factors of heart disease. Several studies have investigated a reduction of oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol levels following lycopene consumption which supports these claims and suggests the conceivable function of lycopene in the blockage of oxidative stress-associated CVD. A negative correlation between serum lycopene concentration and mortality of people with metabolic syndrome was found. Over 10 years, researchers observed a 39% decreased chance of premature death in individuals with the metabolic disease who had the highest blood concentrations of lycopene. Lycopene’s protective impacts are especially beneficial in those with low blood antioxidant levels or high levels of oxidative stress. This includes older adults, smokers, and diabetic individuals or other vascular disorders. Lycopene intake has been thought to reduce the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus.Lycopene acts as an antihypertensive agent by impeding the angiotensin-converting enzyme and improving the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possible mechanisms of lycopene in the prevention of CVD. Keywords: Lycopene, Risk factors of heart disease, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Cardio-metabolic, Insulin resistance
{"title":"Risk reduction and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: biological mechanisms of lycopene","authors":"L. Rejali, Stephanie Ozumerzifon, H. Nayeri, S. Asgary","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i10.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i10.975","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The conservational effects of dietary interventions as advantageous instruments in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have gotten more attention in recent years. Numerous nutritional epidemiological studies have highlighted the ability of diets to decrease costly care and treatments as well as adverse side effects from standard treatments. Lycopene is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid that is present in tomatoes, processed tomato products, and different fruits like watermelon, autumn olive, gac, pink grapefruit, pink guava, papaya, sea buckthorn, and wolfberry. As one of the most powerful antioxidants among dietary tetraterpenoids, lycopene can also assist in lowering the risk of early death and extending life in patients with heart disease. By reducing the destructive effects of free radicals along with total and “bad” LDL cholesterol levels while increasing “good” HDL cholesterol, lycopene holds the power to reduce the risk factors of heart disease. Several studies have investigated a reduction of oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol levels following lycopene consumption which supports these claims and suggests the conceivable function of lycopene in the blockage of oxidative stress-associated CVD. A negative correlation between serum lycopene concentration and mortality of people with metabolic syndrome was found. Over 10 years, researchers observed a 39% decreased chance of premature death in individuals with the metabolic disease who had the highest blood concentrations of lycopene. Lycopene’s protective impacts are especially beneficial in those with low blood antioxidant levels or high levels of oxidative stress. This includes older adults, smokers, and diabetic individuals or other vascular disorders. Lycopene intake has been thought to reduce the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus.Lycopene acts as an antihypertensive agent by impeding the angiotensin-converting enzyme and improving the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possible mechanisms of lycopene in the prevention of CVD. Keywords: Lycopene, Risk factors of heart disease, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Cardio-metabolic, Insulin resistance","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44392652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Fabiola Fabiola Tena-Rojas, H. Martínez‐Flores, Ma. Guadalupe Garnica-Romo, J. D. Figueroa-Cárdenas, E. Meléndez-Herrera, R. Salgado-Garciglia
Background: Extraction techniques of phenolic compounds (PC), such as conventional maceration (CM) has been associated with high consumption of organic solvents and time. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and interactions of the variables involved in the aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from Psidium guajava leaves by CM and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Methods: A split-plot design was developed according to the extraction variables of interest. For CM was time, temperature, and dilution were considered and for UAE the wave amplitude was included. Response variables were considered the following parameters: yield, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, antioxidant capacity measured as radical uptake by ABTS and DPPH.Results: The results show that for UAE, the treatment of 1 g/ 50 mL, 50ºC temperature, 30% amplitude, and 20 min of extraction was associated with a higher extraction yield, reporting 125.84 mg of acid gallic equivalents/ g for PC, 381.18 mg quercetin equivalents/g for total flavonoids and 85.28% ABTS and DPPH 40.2% expressed as radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, the maceration method reported best extraction yield, using the treatment of 1 g/ 50 mL of dilution, 50ºC temperature and 10h of extraction time, achieving a total of 62.04 mg of gallic equivalents/ g for PC, 289 mg quercetin equivalents/g for total flavonoids, and 95.9% ABTS and DPPH 48% regarding radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: The ultrasound process was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds, flavonoid compounds, and their extracts had the highest antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Psidium guajava, phenolic compounds, extraction, ultrasound.
{"title":"Influence of factors and interactions in ultrasound-assisted extraction and conventional maceration on aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves","authors":"Karen Fabiola Fabiola Tena-Rojas, H. Martínez‐Flores, Ma. Guadalupe Garnica-Romo, J. D. Figueroa-Cárdenas, E. Meléndez-Herrera, R. Salgado-Garciglia","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i10.969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i10.969","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extraction techniques of phenolic compounds (PC), such as conventional maceration (CM) has been associated with high consumption of organic solvents and time. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and interactions of the variables involved in the aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from Psidium guajava leaves by CM and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Methods: A split-plot design was developed according to the extraction variables of interest. For CM was time, temperature, and dilution were considered and for UAE the wave amplitude was included. Response variables were considered the following parameters: yield, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, antioxidant capacity measured as radical uptake by ABTS and DPPH.Results: The results show that for UAE, the treatment of 1 g/ 50 mL, 50ºC temperature, 30% amplitude, and 20 min of extraction was associated with a higher extraction yield, reporting 125.84 mg of acid gallic equivalents/ g for PC, 381.18 mg quercetin equivalents/g for total flavonoids and 85.28% ABTS and DPPH 40.2% expressed as radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, the maceration method reported best extraction yield, using the treatment of 1 g/ 50 mL of dilution, 50ºC temperature and 10h of extraction time, achieving a total of 62.04 mg of gallic equivalents/ g for PC, 289 mg quercetin equivalents/g for total flavonoids, and 95.9% ABTS and DPPH 48% regarding radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: The ultrasound process was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds, flavonoid compounds, and their extracts had the highest antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Psidium guajava, phenolic compounds, extraction, ultrasound.","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juniperus communis L. is a plant that belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It grows as either a shrub or small tree and is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including northern Europe, Asia, and America. The berries are an efficient source of several bioactive structures. This review article will focus on the current status of the therapeutic use of juniper berry essential oil, which is presently indicated as a herbal medicinal treatment for dyspepsia. Interest in plant-based medicinal products is growing, and therefore it is important that accessible, up-to-date research is available to patients. Many plants are a natural source of therapeutic structures and can therefore often provide an alternative to synthetic pharmacology. A main constituent of juniper berry oil is α-pinene, a highly active structure which has been shown in in vitro and in vivo studies to possess several biological activities. This review sums up the available reports and indications which describe the function and value of juniper berry essential oil and especially, the constituent α-pinene as a potential candidate in several disorders and inflammatory conditions.Keywords: Juniperus communis, dyspepsia, juniper berry oil, Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity
Juniperus communis L.是柏科的一种植物。它以灌木或小树的形式生长，广泛分布于北半球，包括北欧、亚洲和美洲。浆果是几种生物活性结构的有效来源。本文综述了杜松子精油作为一种治疗消化不良的草药的研究现状。人们对植物性医药产品的兴趣正在增长，因此，向患者提供可获得的最新研究成果非常重要。许多植物是治疗结构的天然来源，因此通常可以提供合成药理学的替代方案。杜松子油的主要成分是α-蒎烯，这是一种高活性的结构，体外和体内研究表明它具有多种生物活性。本文综述了现有的报道和适应症，描述了杜松子精油的功能和价值，特别是其成分α-蒎烯作为几种疾病和炎症的潜在候选者。关键词:杜松，消化不良，杜松子油，抗氧化，抗菌，抗炎
{"title":"Therapeutic potentials associated with biological properties of Juniper berry oil (Juniperus communis L.) and its therapeutic use in several diseases – A Review","authors":"U. Albrecht, A. Madisch","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i9.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i9.999","url":null,"abstract":"Juniperus communis L. is a plant that belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It grows as either a shrub or small tree and is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including northern Europe, Asia, and America. The berries are an efficient source of several bioactive structures. This review article will focus on the current status of the therapeutic use of juniper berry essential oil, which is presently indicated as a herbal medicinal treatment for dyspepsia. Interest in plant-based medicinal products is growing, and therefore it is important that accessible, up-to-date research is available to patients. Many plants are a natural source of therapeutic structures and can therefore often provide an alternative to synthetic pharmacology. A main constituent of juniper berry oil is α-pinene, a highly active structure which has been shown in in vitro and in vivo studies to possess several biological activities. This review sums up the available reports and indications which describe the function and value of juniper berry essential oil and especially, the constituent α-pinene as a potential candidate in several disorders and inflammatory conditions.Keywords: Juniperus communis, dyspepsia, juniper berry oil, Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatsuki Sato, Saki Shirako, T. Okuyama, Y. Ikeya, M. Nishizawa
Background: The root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), which is also called moutan bark, is known as Botanpi in Japan. This crude drug has been used in several Kampo formulas, such as Daiobotanpito, to treat menstrual disturbance and constipation by improving blood stasis and suppressing inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect has not been well studied.Objective: To clarify the anti-inflammatory effects of moutan bark, we isolated its constituents and investigated their activity.Methods: Moutan bark was extracted and successively fractionated with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. The constituents were analyzed using HPLC. The production of nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator, was measured in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated rat hepatocytes to identify active fractions or constituents.Results: The EtOAc-soluble fraction of moutan bark extract significantly inhibited NO production. Three hydrophobic constituents were isolated from this fraction and identified as paeonol (1), 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-D-glucose (β-PGG; 2), and methyl gallate (3). Paeonol and paeoniflorin (4) were abundantly present in the EtOAc-soluble fraction and n-butanol-soluble fraction, respectively. The hydrophobic constituents suppressed NO production without exerting cytotoxicity and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes; β-PGG showed the highest potency. Furthermore, β-PGG, methyl gallate, and paeonol decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1 receptor type 1, which are involved in inflammation.Conclusion: These results suggest that hydrophobic constituents of moutan bark, such as β-PGG, methyl gallate, and paeonol, are involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of moutan bark.Keywords: Galloylglucose, tannin, nitric oxide, Kampo medicine, cytokine.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of hydrophobic constituents in the extract of the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa","authors":"Tatsuki Sato, Saki Shirako, T. Okuyama, Y. Ikeya, M. Nishizawa","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i8.967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i8.967","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), which is also called moutan bark, is known as Botanpi in Japan. This crude drug has been used in several Kampo formulas, such as Daiobotanpito, to treat menstrual disturbance and constipation by improving blood stasis and suppressing inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect has not been well studied.Objective: To clarify the anti-inflammatory effects of moutan bark, we isolated its constituents and investigated their activity.Methods: Moutan bark was extracted and successively fractionated with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. The constituents were analyzed using HPLC. The production of nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator, was measured in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated rat hepatocytes to identify active fractions or constituents.Results: The EtOAc-soluble fraction of moutan bark extract significantly inhibited NO production. Three hydrophobic constituents were isolated from this fraction and identified as paeonol (1), 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-D-glucose (β-PGG; 2), and methyl gallate (3). Paeonol and paeoniflorin (4) were abundantly present in the EtOAc-soluble fraction and n-butanol-soluble fraction, respectively. The hydrophobic constituents suppressed NO production without exerting cytotoxicity and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes; β-PGG showed the highest potency. Furthermore, β-PGG, methyl gallate, and paeonol decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1 receptor type 1, which are involved in inflammation.Conclusion: These results suggest that hydrophobic constituents of moutan bark, such as β-PGG, methyl gallate, and paeonol, are involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of moutan bark.Keywords: Galloylglucose, tannin, nitric oxide, Kampo medicine, cytokine.","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45605313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Anjali, Neelakanta Pillai Padmakumari Soumya, S. Mondal, S. Mini
Background: Diabetes mellitus causes changes in the structural or functional anatomy of the heart. A high blood glucose level and oxidative stress are key factors in diabetic cardiac damage. Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid) is a biologically active compound in many functional foods like fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. It belongs to the group of cinnamic acid derivatives.Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of Ferulic acid (FA) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiac damage in male Sprague Dawley rats.Materials and methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six each. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg body weight). Group I consisted of normal rats (N); group II consisted of normal rats treated with FA (N+FA); group III consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats (D), and groups IV and V consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with FA at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight respectively (N+FA and N+G) for 60 days. Rats were sacrificed after the treatment period, and blood and heart tissue were collected for analysis.Results: STZ injection significantly increased blood glucose, HbA1c, cardiac marker enzymes LDH, CK-MB, and oxidative stress in heart tissue. The oral administration of FA to diabetic rats for 60 days significantly improved diabetic markers, oxidative stress, and cardiac markers.Conclusion: The present study indicated that FA affords cardioprotective effect in diabetic rats, and this protection may be due in part to the attenuation of oxidative stress.Keywords: ferulic acid, streptozotocin, diabetes, cardiac damage, oxidative stress
{"title":"Cardioprotective effects of Ferulic acid in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats","authors":"S. Anjali, Neelakanta Pillai Padmakumari Soumya, S. Mondal, S. Mini","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i7.955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i7.955","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus causes changes in the structural or functional anatomy of the heart. A high blood glucose level and oxidative stress are key factors in diabetic cardiac damage. Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid) is a biologically active compound in many functional foods like fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. It belongs to the group of cinnamic acid derivatives.Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of Ferulic acid (FA) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiac damage in male Sprague Dawley rats.Materials and methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six each. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg body weight). Group I consisted of normal rats (N); group II consisted of normal rats treated with FA (N+FA); group III consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats (D), and groups IV and V consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with FA at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight respectively (N+FA and N+G) for 60 days. Rats were sacrificed after the treatment period, and blood and heart tissue were collected for analysis.Results: STZ injection significantly increased blood glucose, HbA1c, cardiac marker enzymes LDH, CK-MB, and oxidative stress in heart tissue. The oral administration of FA to diabetic rats for 60 days significantly improved diabetic markers, oxidative stress, and cardiac markers.Conclusion: The present study indicated that FA affords cardioprotective effect in diabetic rats, and this protection may be due in part to the attenuation of oxidative stress.Keywords: ferulic acid, streptozotocin, diabetes, cardiac damage, oxidative stress","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48991958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mirmiranpour, Mohammad Reza Ashoori, Afsaneh Seyed Mikaeili, S. Pezeshki, Anne Serani, Angelina Boez, D. Martirosyan
Background: Squalene, in recent years, has become a topic of interest to scientists due to its potential health benefits and anti-inflammatory effects. Squalene is a hydrocarbon belonging to the triterpene class; it is a 30-carbon isoprenoid compound. In previous studies, amaranth oil, containing high amounts of squalene, was shown to function as an effective treatment option for reducing proteinuria, one of the key markers for renal disease. Objectives: Our main goal was to understand the effect of squalene as a biotic agent for reducing proteinuria. In order to identify squalene as the decreasing agent of proteinuria in amaranth oil, we conducted an experimental study on diabetic patients. Our research focused on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with separate dosages of squalene serum consumption. Over the course of 84 days, we tracked changes in proteinuria levels based on the dosage of squalene consumed. In addition to this, testing was also conducted for 84 days on various related parameters. These parameters include blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C, albumin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFB1). By assessing changes throughout the study, we hoped to analyze the relationship between proteinuria and these associated parameters.Methods: Five groups of 30 people, totaling 150 volunteers, were recruited into the study. In group 1, 30 healthy people served as the healthy group. In group 2, 30 T2DM patients did not consume any squalene, thereby serving as the diabetic control group. Group 3 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 200 mg of squalene (extracted from shark liver) daily. Group 4 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 400 mg of squalene daily. Lastly, group 5 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 600 mg of squalene daily. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the patients were prescribed to consume squalene for a total of 84 consecutive days. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Vali-Asr medical laboratory (Tehran, Iran), 120 were selected. Also, 30 people participated in the study as healthy individuals. Regarding World Health Organization, inclusion criteria included the following: fasting plasma glucose amounts ≥ 126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, and not taking corticosteroids. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Results: Throughout these 84 days, proteinuria levels decreased in these patients with high statistical significance. A positive correlation was also observed with dosage amount, as there had been a higher level of decrease in proteinuria amount with a higher dosage of squalene serum administered for consumption. Statistical significance was found in proteinuria as well as the associated parameters tested (BUN, Albumin (AL), creatinine (CR), cystatin C, and TGFbeta1. Conclusion: All of the associated health indicative parameters we tested alongside proteinuria count also showed a trend of overall reduction throughout the duration
{"title":"The effect of squalene on proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"H. Mirmiranpour, Mohammad Reza Ashoori, Afsaneh Seyed Mikaeili, S. Pezeshki, Anne Serani, Angelina Boez, D. Martirosyan","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i6.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i6.945","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Squalene, in recent years, has become a topic of interest to scientists due to its potential health benefits and anti-inflammatory effects. Squalene is a hydrocarbon belonging to the triterpene class; it is a 30-carbon isoprenoid compound. In previous studies, amaranth oil, containing high amounts of squalene, was shown to function as an effective treatment option for reducing proteinuria, one of the key markers for renal disease. Objectives: Our main goal was to understand the effect of squalene as a biotic agent for reducing proteinuria. In order to identify squalene as the decreasing agent of proteinuria in amaranth oil, we conducted an experimental study on diabetic patients. Our research focused on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with separate dosages of squalene serum consumption. Over the course of 84 days, we tracked changes in proteinuria levels based on the dosage of squalene consumed. In addition to this, testing was also conducted for 84 days on various related parameters. These parameters include blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C, albumin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFB1). By assessing changes throughout the study, we hoped to analyze the relationship between proteinuria and these associated parameters.Methods: Five groups of 30 people, totaling 150 volunteers, were recruited into the study. In group 1, 30 healthy people served as the healthy group. In group 2, 30 T2DM patients did not consume any squalene, thereby serving as the diabetic control group. Group 3 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 200 mg of squalene (extracted from shark liver) daily. Group 4 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 400 mg of squalene daily. Lastly, group 5 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 600 mg of squalene daily. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the patients were prescribed to consume squalene for a total of 84 consecutive days. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Vali-Asr medical laboratory (Tehran, Iran), 120 were selected. Also, 30 people participated in the study as healthy individuals. Regarding World Health Organization, inclusion criteria included the following: fasting plasma glucose amounts ≥ 126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, and not taking corticosteroids. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Results: Throughout these 84 days, proteinuria levels decreased in these patients with high statistical significance. A positive correlation was also observed with dosage amount, as there had been a higher level of decrease in proteinuria amount with a higher dosage of squalene serum administered for consumption. Statistical significance was found in proteinuria as well as the associated parameters tested (BUN, Albumin (AL), creatinine (CR), cystatin C, and TGFbeta1. Conclusion: All of the associated health indicative parameters we tested alongside proteinuria count also showed a trend of overall reduction throughout the duration ","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Currently there is no definite cure for Alzheimer's therefore early detection is critical. Undetected Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can lead to severe accidents, neglecting to take essential medications, injury to oneself or others, and/or financial problems. Currently, biomarkers are the most promising way to detect Alzheimer's early on. Biomarkers such as beta-amyloid and tau levels taken through invasive mehods or brain scans that involve radiation are among them [20]. Objectives: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) presents itself in the body with an increase in ß-amyloid (Aß) plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation (NFT), and inflammation. As the retina is an extension of the brain and the brain structure it is possible to detect misfolded proteins via retinal examination non-invasively. One of the main objectives of this study is to determine the effectiveness of curcumin which is a phytochemical which can bind to amyloid-beta and Tau and can be used both for the diagnosis and early treatment of AD. The aim of this study was to discover the binding property of curcumin to both Tau and AB in the retina as a potential biomarker for AD.Methods: In this study, 20 patients were invited with mild AD who had undergone retinal examination within the past 2 years. All the patients had retinal imaging with curcumin which revealed misfolded proteins during the examination and then they were advised to take daily curcumin. The mean age of the patients was 71, and the patients were instructed to take Curcumin Meriva in 500 mg supplements once daily after their prior examinations. All patients had tests repeated with FAF and Heidelberg Spectralis OCT device. The regions with abnormal lesions on FAF were detected and the layer of the defect was scanned by OCT plus compared with the previous imaging of the patients. The images were examined in a masked fashion by 2 specialists.Results: The images disclosed hyperfluorescent lesions on FAF and OCT revealed accumulations in the inner layers of the retina. Some accumulations had dot shapes and others had fibril-tangle shapes. Some lesions were present in prior exams, but they were more pronounced and shinier after curcumin use. Their size and shape were in concordance with misfolded proteins in the brain [Fig.2,3,4,5,6].Conclusion: Retinal examination with curcumin revealed AB plaques in the retina in prior studies. Our study is the first that may demonstrate an easy way to detect the culprit plaque Tau inside the retina of live patients. Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, curcumin, neurofibrillary tangle formation (NFT), inflammation, retina, ß-amyloid (Aß) plaque deposition, Misfolded proteins, Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF), Tau, amyloid-beta, treatment
{"title":"Retinal examination with curcumin in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Umur A. Kayabasi, Selçuk N. Cekmeceli","doi":"10.31989/bchd.v5i5.913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i5.913","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently there is no definite cure for Alzheimer's therefore early detection is critical. Undetected Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can lead to severe accidents, neglecting to take essential medications, injury to oneself or others, and/or financial problems. Currently, biomarkers are the most promising way to detect Alzheimer's early on. Biomarkers such as beta-amyloid and tau levels taken through invasive mehods or brain scans that involve radiation are among them [20]. Objectives: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) presents itself in the body with an increase in ß-amyloid (Aß) plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation (NFT), and inflammation. As the retina is an extension of the brain and the brain structure it is possible to detect misfolded proteins via retinal examination non-invasively. One of the main objectives of this study is to determine the effectiveness of curcumin which is a phytochemical which can bind to amyloid-beta and Tau and can be used both for the diagnosis and early treatment of AD. The aim of this study was to discover the binding property of curcumin to both Tau and AB in the retina as a potential biomarker for AD.Methods: In this study, 20 patients were invited with mild AD who had undergone retinal examination within the past 2 years. All the patients had retinal imaging with curcumin which revealed misfolded proteins during the examination and then they were advised to take daily curcumin. The mean age of the patients was 71, and the patients were instructed to take Curcumin Meriva in 500 mg supplements once daily after their prior examinations. All patients had tests repeated with FAF and Heidelberg Spectralis OCT device. The regions with abnormal lesions on FAF were detected and the layer of the defect was scanned by OCT plus compared with the previous imaging of the patients. The images were examined in a masked fashion by 2 specialists.Results: The images disclosed hyperfluorescent lesions on FAF and OCT revealed accumulations in the inner layers of the retina. Some accumulations had dot shapes and others had fibril-tangle shapes. Some lesions were present in prior exams, but they were more pronounced and shinier after curcumin use. Their size and shape were in concordance with misfolded proteins in the brain [Fig.2,3,4,5,6].Conclusion: Retinal examination with curcumin revealed AB plaques in the retina in prior studies. Our study is the first that may demonstrate an easy way to detect the culprit plaque Tau inside the retina of live patients. Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, curcumin, neurofibrillary tangle formation (NFT), inflammation, retina, ß-amyloid (Aß) plaque deposition, Misfolded proteins, Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF), Tau, amyloid-beta, treatment ","PeriodicalId":93079,"journal":{"name":"Bioactive compounds in health and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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