{"title":"The challenges of hybrid work: an architectural sociology perspective","authors":"K. Sailer, M. Thomas, R. Pachilova","doi":"10.5334/bc.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71052434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building within planetary boundaries: moving construction to stewardship","authors":"M. Kuittinen","doi":"10.5334/bc.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71052660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Housing companies create, maintain and develop an important part of the built environment. Besides their core activity of providing housing, they can increasingly also mitigate societal problems and contribute to social, environmental and financial sustainability. One contribution to sustainability by housing companies is to create meaningful activities for tenants that benefit their employability, skills, careers, and physical and mental wellbeing. These ‘activity interventions’ are used as a vehicle to create social value. However, it is unclear what sort of impact these interventions have, and how they affect housing companies’ financial value. This paper investigates: (1) Swedish housing companies’ initiatives to provide meaningful ‘activity interventions’ for tenants; (2) what value these interventions create; and (3) how social value creation relates to financial value. Observations and interviews (n = 23) with Swedish housing companies are mapped onto a social value creation framework. The findings reveal several types of employment, educational and leisure activities that have been created for tenants, and the areas in which these initiatives create the most social value. Social value creation is often used as risk management to mitigate issues related to criminality, welfare-dependent tenants and decreased property values. Practice relevance The paper explains how housing companies can contribute to a more socially sustainable built environment. By creating meaningful activities for tenants such as jobs, vocational training and leisure activities, housing companies can create social value for tenants, the neighbourhood, the organisation itself and wider society. In turn, this creates financial value for housing companies by deterring criminality, reducing vandalism, increasing individual and neighbourhood wellbeing, and raising property values. Evidence is provided for housing management about a type of practice (activity interventions) that has identifiable benefits to residential communities. It highlights where and for whom different activity interventions add value. This can help housing companies to make more informed decisions about their social value activities in order to provide the most value for the specific needs of each neighbourhood.
{"title":"Improving social value through facilities management: Swedish housing companies","authors":"Daniella Troje","doi":"10.5334/bc.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.327","url":null,"abstract":"Housing companies create, maintain and develop an important part of the built environment. Besides their core activity of providing housing, they can increasingly also mitigate societal problems and contribute to social, environmental and financial sustainability. One contribution to sustainability by housing companies is to create meaningful activities for tenants that benefit their employability, skills, careers, and physical and mental wellbeing. These ‘activity interventions’ are used as a vehicle to create social value. However, it is unclear what sort of impact these interventions have, and how they affect housing companies’ financial value. This paper investigates: (1) Swedish housing companies’ initiatives to provide meaningful ‘activity interventions’ for tenants; (2) what value these interventions create; and (3) how social value creation relates to financial value. Observations and interviews (n = 23) with Swedish housing companies are mapped onto a social value creation framework. The findings reveal several types of employment, educational and leisure activities that have been created for tenants, and the areas in which these initiatives create the most social value. Social value creation is often used as risk management to mitigate issues related to criminality, welfare-dependent tenants and decreased property values. Practice relevance The paper explains how housing companies can contribute to a more socially sustainable built environment. By creating meaningful activities for tenants such as jobs, vocational training and leisure activities, housing companies can create social value for tenants, the neighbourhood, the organisation itself and wider society. In turn, this creates financial value for housing companies by deterring criminality, reducing vandalism, increasing individual and neighbourhood wellbeing, and raising property values. Evidence is provided for housing management about a type of practice (activity interventions) that has identifiable benefits to residential communities. It highlights where and for whom different activity interventions add value. This can help housing companies to make more informed decisions about their social value activities in order to provide the most value for the specific needs of each neighbourhood.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decision-making analysis for Pittsburgh’s deconstruction pilot using AHP and GIS","authors":"Zehan Zhang, Joshua D. Lee","doi":"10.5334/bc.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Huuhka, Malin Moisio, Emmi Salmio, A. Köliö, J. Lahdensivu
Is it more environmentally friendly to replace an existing building with a new one or to renovate the existing property? This paper addresses how to frame and evaluate this question. Although several previous studies exist, their methods lack a harmonised set of practice. A new framework is introduced that adopts the concept of consequential replacement framework (CRF) for life cycle assessment (LCA) which had previously been applied to vehicles. The application of the CRF to buildings is demonstrated with case studies on school buildings in Finland. Three alternative cases are examined: the refurbishment of a 1950s school; extending it with an annex; and demolition and replacement with a new concrete or timber building. As the European environmental impact regulation of buildings pertains to CO 2 emissions, the paper also focuses on CO 2 . The case studies demonstrate that refurbishment in Finland is a more climate-friendly alternative to demolition and new build. The studied new buildings’ better energy efficiency is set off for decades by the carbon spike caused by the embodied CO 2 in their materials. The CRF is shown to be a methodologically sound, easily approachable framework for evaluating immediate environmental consequences of decision-makers’ retention or replacement choices, suitable to different contexts.
{"title":"Renovate or replace? Consequential replacement LCA framework for buildings","authors":"S. Huuhka, Malin Moisio, Emmi Salmio, A. Köliö, J. Lahdensivu","doi":"10.5334/bc.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.309","url":null,"abstract":"Is it more environmentally friendly to replace an existing building with a new one or to renovate the existing property? This paper addresses how to frame and evaluate this question. Although several previous studies exist, their methods lack a harmonised set of practice. A new framework is introduced that adopts the concept of consequential replacement framework (CRF) for life cycle assessment (LCA) which had previously been applied to vehicles. The application of the CRF to buildings is demonstrated with case studies on school buildings in Finland. Three alternative cases are examined: the refurbishment of a 1950s school; extending it with an annex; and demolition and replacement with a new concrete or timber building. As the European environmental impact regulation of buildings pertains to CO 2 emissions, the paper also focuses on CO 2 . The case studies demonstrate that refurbishment in Finland is a more climate-friendly alternative to demolition and new build. The studied new buildings’ better energy efficiency is set off for decades by the carbon spike caused by the embodied CO 2 in their materials. The CRF is shown to be a methodologically sound, easily approachable framework for evaluating immediate environmental consequences of decision-makers’ retention or replacement choices, suitable to different contexts.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Barrie, Kelly McDougall, Katie Miller, D. Faulkner
{"title":"The social value of public spaces in mixed-use high-rise buildings","authors":"H. Barrie, Kelly McDougall, Katie Miller, D. Faulkner","doi":"10.5334/bc.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71052129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steward T. A. Pickett, J. Morgan Grove, Christopher G. Boone, Geoffrey L. Buckley
Segregation by racialized categories is common to cities across the world and its social effects are well studied. However, the environmental effects—the ecology of segregation—have received less attention. Racialized segregation persists through time and is associated with environmental hazards or lack of amenities. The environmental burdens of racial segregation are increasingly documented and this paper synthesizes the dynamics of segregation and the dynamics of ecological conditions associated with it. The ‘adaptive cycle of resilience,’ an important social–ecological theory, is applied and used to facilitate synthesis. The well-documented history of racial segregation in the US city of Baltimore, Maryland, is used to illustrate the systemic mechanisms that adapt segregation to changing social conditions, and hence maintain its ecological impacts. The adaptive cycle serves as a useful tool in evaluating and addressing the ecology of segregation and can thus advance urban ecology on a new horizon. Practice relevance The adaptive cycle of resilience demonstrates that persistent racial segregation in cities results from an intentional but flexible system that includes many seemingly banal practices. These include planning, zoning, patterns of investment, influence of the real estate industry, distribution of amenities and disamenities, and access to civic power and influence. The adaptive cycle shows that the persistence of segregation is not ‘natural’ or inevitable. Rather, segregation persists as a result of racialized policies and practices that exclude certain groups from civic goods and processes. Acknowledging that cycles of segregation have been, and are being, institutionally maintained identifies a system that may be disrupted by community action, policy adjustment, and planning practice.
{"title":"Resilience of racialized segregation is an ecological factor: Baltimore case study","authors":"Steward T. A. Pickett, J. Morgan Grove, Christopher G. Boone, Geoffrey L. Buckley","doi":"10.5334/bc.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.317","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation by racialized categories is common to cities across the world and its social effects are well studied. However, the environmental effects—the ecology of segregation—have received less attention. Racialized segregation persists through time and is associated with environmental hazards or lack of amenities. The environmental burdens of racial segregation are increasingly documented and this paper synthesizes the dynamics of segregation and the dynamics of ecological conditions associated with it. The ‘adaptive cycle of resilience,’ an important social–ecological theory, is applied and used to facilitate synthesis. The well-documented history of racial segregation in the US city of Baltimore, Maryland, is used to illustrate the systemic mechanisms that adapt segregation to changing social conditions, and hence maintain its ecological impacts. The adaptive cycle serves as a useful tool in evaluating and addressing the ecology of segregation and can thus advance urban ecology on a new horizon. Practice relevance The adaptive cycle of resilience demonstrates that persistent racial segregation in cities results from an intentional but flexible system that includes many seemingly banal practices. These include planning, zoning, patterns of investment, influence of the real estate industry, distribution of amenities and disamenities, and access to civic power and influence. The adaptive cycle shows that the persistence of segregation is not ‘natural’ or inevitable. Rather, segregation persists as a result of racialized policies and practices that exclude certain groups from civic goods and processes. Acknowledging that cycles of segregation have been, and are being, institutionally maintained identifies a system that may be disrupted by community action, policy adjustment, and planning practice.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135749934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the life cycle of buildings, data are created, collected, processed, exchanged and used to support decision-making and operations. However, the construction and real estate actors often struggle with managing data successfully, mainly because existing data resources are scattered across a large number of changing building owners and stakeholders. The goal of adopting and using building information management tools (BIMTs) that store, exchange and manage building-related data is to overcome information silos and bring together data about a particular building. BIMTs, such as a building passport (BP), an electronic building file or a digital building logbook (DBL), follow a holistic approach by serving as data repositories. Although the underlying idea is not new, the topic recently gained wider attention at the interface of politics, academia and real estate industry. The current state of BIMTs, and in particular the role of BPs, is analysed to help understand the main driving forces, challenges and opportunities in BP development. Policy relevance Mandatory introduction of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) in Europe can be seen as a role model for BPs. The aims were to improve transparency in the real estate market to encourage owners to modernise their buildings and to inform market participants about hidden characteristics. These tasks are now transferred to more complex BIMTs. The European Commission has introduced DBLs in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in 2021 as a data repository that is supposed to be linked to national databases on the energy performance of buildings. In addition, the European Commission is working on a European framework for DBLs and has the vision of establishing a network of national DBL databases. No legal obligation to use BPs/DBLs exists yet, but further proposals in European and national regulation are expected in the future.
{"title":"European building passports: developments, challenges and future roles","authors":"Matthias Buchholz, Thomas Lützkendorf","doi":"10.5334/bc.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.355","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the life cycle of buildings, data are created, collected, processed, exchanged and used to support decision-making and operations. However, the construction and real estate actors often struggle with managing data successfully, mainly because existing data resources are scattered across a large number of changing building owners and stakeholders. The goal of adopting and using building information management tools (BIMTs) that store, exchange and manage building-related data is to overcome information silos and bring together data about a particular building. BIMTs, such as a building passport (BP), an electronic building file or a digital building logbook (DBL), follow a holistic approach by serving as data repositories. Although the underlying idea is not new, the topic recently gained wider attention at the interface of politics, academia and real estate industry. The current state of BIMTs, and in particular the role of BPs, is analysed to help understand the main driving forces, challenges and opportunities in BP development. Policy relevance Mandatory introduction of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) in Europe can be seen as a role model for BPs. The aims were to improve transparency in the real estate market to encourage owners to modernise their buildings and to inform market participants about hidden characteristics. These tasks are now transferred to more complex BIMTs. The European Commission has introduced DBLs in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in 2021 as a data repository that is supposed to be linked to national databases on the energy performance of buildings. In addition, the European Commission is working on a European framework for DBLs and has the vision of establishing a network of national DBL databases. No legal obligation to use BPs/DBLs exists yet, but further proposals in European and national regulation are expected in the future.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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