Daniel Elijah Ngbede, U. Ahmadu, M. Gana, F. Attah
Agro and industrial wastes are rich in bioactive compounds. These wastes can be used as an alternate source for the production of different valuable products as the raw material in various industries. The use of agro-industrial wastes as raw materials can help to reduce the production cost and also reduce the pollution load from the environment. Agro-industrial wastes are used for manufacturing of enzymes, biofertilizer, biofuel, antibiotics, and other chemicals through solid state fermentation (SSF). A variety of microorganisms are used for the production of these valuable products through SSF processes. This reviewed work was aimed at bioconversion of agricultural and industrial wastes to generate valuable products.
{"title":"Bioconversion of agricultural and industrialised waste to generate valuable products","authors":"Daniel Elijah Ngbede, U. Ahmadu, M. Gana, F. Attah","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061411","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Agro and industrial wastes are rich in bioactive compounds. These wastes can be used as an alternate source for the production of different valuable products as the raw material in various industries. The use of agro-industrial wastes as raw materials can help to reduce the production cost and also reduce the pollution load from the environment. Agro-industrial wastes are used for manufacturing of enzymes, biofertilizer, biofuel, antibiotics, and other chemicals through solid state fermentation (SSF). A variety of microorganisms are used for the production of these valuable products through SSF processes. This reviewed work was aimed at bioconversion of agricultural and industrial wastes to generate valuable products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73321182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aline Simão Helou, A. Ramos, A. Oliveira, A. Quadros, F. Fávero
Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological disease, resulting in the decrease of the neuromuscular functions being characterized by a set of clinical manifestations that occur in individuals who had acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The patients with PPS begin to present new limitations on the performance of their ADLs and, at the same time, tend to ignore them, continuing their daily work with greater physical effort. The need for a functional evaluation is therefore necessary to find out where the commitments are in the ADLs and to help them without aggravating the degenerative PPS. To identify the main functional assessment scales used in individuals with PPS. A study review of the literature was performed on the functional scales used in patients with PPS described in the articles in the database. We found 12 functional scales in activities of daily living, as follows: Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Sunnas ADL Index, Katz Index, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), ADLs-Staircase, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), and Self-Reporter ADL. None of the 12 scales mentioned in our study is validated for the use in patients with PPS, the most scales found in the literatures reviewed in this research were NHP and ICIDH. Therefore, we found 9 scales validated in Brazil, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), Katz Index and Self-Reporter ADL.
脊髓灰质炎后综合征(PPS)是一种神经系统疾病，导致神经肌肉功能下降，其特征是急性麻痹性脊髓灰质炎患者出现的一系列临床表现。患有PPS的患者开始对其adl的表现提出新的限制，同时倾向于忽略它们，以更大的体力继续他们的日常工作。因此，有必要进行功能评价，以查明发展中国家的承诺在哪里，并在不加重退行性PPS的情况下帮助他们。确定PPS患者的主要功能评估量表。对数据库中文章中描述的PPS患者使用的功能量表进行了文献研究综述。我们发现了12种日常生活活动功能量表，分别是:Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)、International Classification of impairment, Disability's and handicapped (ICIDH)、functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ)、Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE)、Sunnas ADL Index、Katz Index、Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)、ADLs-Staircase、Barthel Index、functional Independence Measure (FIM)、Elderly Adult Resource Survey (OARS)、Self-Reporter ADL。我们研究中提到的12种量表均未被证实可用于PPS患者，本研究查阅的文献中发现的量表最多的是NHP和ICIDH。因此，我们找到了巴西验证的9种量表:Barthel指数、功能独立性量表(FIM)、功能状态问卷(FSQ)、跌倒效果量表(FES)、诺丁汉健康状况量表(NHP)、国际损伤、残疾和残障分类量表(ICIDH)、老年人资源调查量表(OARS)、Katz指数和自我报告ADL。
{"title":"The use of functionality scales in patients with Post-Polio Syndrome","authors":"Aline Simão Helou, A. Ramos, A. Oliveira, A. Quadros, F. Fávero","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061305","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological disease, resulting in the decrease of the neuromuscular functions being characterized by a set of clinical manifestations that occur in individuals who had acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The patients with PPS begin to present new limitations on the performance of their ADLs and, at the same time, tend to ignore them, continuing their daily work with greater physical effort. The need for a functional evaluation is therefore necessary to find out where the commitments are in the ADLs and to help them without aggravating the degenerative PPS. To identify the main functional assessment scales used in individuals with PPS. A study review of the literature was performed on the functional scales used in patients with PPS described in the articles in the database. We found 12 functional scales in activities of daily living, as follows: Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Sunnas ADL Index, Katz Index, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), ADLs-Staircase, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), and Self-Reporter ADL. None of the 12 scales mentioned in our study is validated for the use in patients with PPS, the most scales found in the literatures reviewed in this research were NHP and ICIDH. Therefore, we found 9 scales validated in Brazil, Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Classification of Impairments, Disability's and Handicaps (ICIDH), Older Adult Resource Survey (OARS), Katz Index and Self-Reporter ADL.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76064934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yusuf, M. Abdullahi, A. Musa, A. Haruna, V. Mzozoyana, H. Abubakar
Snake envenomation is a major cause of death and disability in many developing countries. Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae) have been reportedly used in traditional medicine to treat snake envenomation. Bioassay-guided isolation of antivenom principles was carried out on the leaf of N. macrophylla against Naja nigricollis venom. The methanol extract of N. macrophylla leaf and its ethylacetate and n-butanol fraction significantly (P < 0.05) protected mice against venom-induced lethality with 100% survival rate and there was remarkable inhibition of the poisonous effects of PLA2 enzyme by the extracts and the fractions. Encouraged by this result, the ethylacetate soluble fraction was subjected to purification using vacuum liquid chromatography and gel filtration which led to the isolation of quercetin as the bioactive principle. The identity of the compound was determined on the basis of chemical tests, and by comparison of its 1H-NMR data with literature, this is the first report of isolation of this compound from the leaf of the plant. However, the results of the study suggests that the leaf of N. macrophylla possess significant antisnake venom activity which provide the scientific basis for its use in traditional treatment of snakebites.
在许多发展中国家，蛇中毒是造成死亡和残疾的主要原因。据报道，大叶新树(Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae)已在传统医学中用于治疗蛇中毒。获得抗蛇毒血清原则进行了隔离的叶n macrophylla对眼镜蛇nigricollis毒液。大叶青叶甲醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位对小鼠的毒致死亡有显著的保护作用(P < 0.05)，小鼠存活率为100%，对PLA2酶的毒作用有显著的抑制作用。受此结果的鼓舞，对乙酸乙酯可溶性部分进行了真空液相色谱和凝胶过滤的纯化，从而分离出槲皮素作为生物活性原理。该化合物的身份是在化学测试的基础上确定的，并通过其1H-NMR数据与文献进行比较，这是从植物叶片中分离出该化合物的第一份报告。研究结果表明，大叶青叶具有明显的抗蛇毒活性，为其在传统蛇咬伤治疗中的应用提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Antisnake venom activity and isolation of quercetin from the leaf of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae)","authors":"A. Yusuf, M. Abdullahi, A. Musa, A. Haruna, V. Mzozoyana, H. Abubakar","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061306","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Snake envenomation is a major cause of death and disability in many developing countries. Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae) have been reportedly used in traditional medicine to treat snake envenomation. Bioassay-guided isolation of antivenom principles was carried out on the leaf of N. macrophylla against Naja nigricollis venom. The methanol extract of N. macrophylla leaf and its ethylacetate and n-butanol fraction significantly (P < 0.05) protected mice against venom-induced lethality with 100% survival rate and there was remarkable inhibition of the poisonous effects of PLA2 enzyme by the extracts and the fractions. Encouraged by this result, the ethylacetate soluble fraction was subjected to purification using vacuum liquid chromatography and gel filtration which led to the isolation of quercetin as the bioactive principle. The identity of the compound was determined on the basis of chemical tests, and by comparison of its 1H-NMR data with literature, this is the first report of isolation of this compound from the leaf of the plant. However, the results of the study suggests that the leaf of N. macrophylla possess significant antisnake venom activity which provide the scientific basis for its use in traditional treatment of snakebites.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73311770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current investigation aimed at the effect of administration of the neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, on testicular maturation in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae). Adult males in active, inactive and revival phases of spermatogenesis were injected with serotonin and dopamine in multiple doses and their dissected testes were submitted to histomorphological examinations. Though serotonin treatment during active phase showed increased values for testicular index, acinar diameter and proportion of mature spermatozoa, only the testicular index values differed statistically from that of controls. Serotonin administration during inactive phase caused an increase in testicular index and acinar diameter, reduction in intra and interacinar spaces and pycnosis of germ cells and detection of division stages. A notable increase in the testicular index, acinar diameter and fresh batches of spermatozoa was perceptible in crabs injected with serotonin during revival phase. In contrast, dopamine injection showed a decline in testicular activity irrespective of the phase of spermatogenesis, as evinced from low testicular index, acinar diameter, presence of small, irregularly shaped acini with indistinct acinar boundaries, reduction in the number of mature spermatozoa and absence of division stages. To conclude, the stimulatory neurotransmittant, serotonin can be used to induce testicular maturation in species of aquaculture potential.
{"title":"Effect of administration of neurotransmitters: Serotonin and dopamine on testicular maturation in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae)","authors":"N. Gopal, A. Devi","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061309","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current investigation aimed at the effect of administration of the neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, on testicular maturation in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae). Adult males in active, inactive and revival phases of spermatogenesis were injected with serotonin and dopamine in multiple doses and their dissected testes were submitted to histomorphological examinations. Though serotonin treatment during active phase showed increased values for testicular index, acinar diameter and proportion of mature spermatozoa, only the testicular index values differed statistically from that of controls. Serotonin administration during inactive phase caused an increase in testicular index and acinar diameter, reduction in intra and interacinar spaces and pycnosis of germ cells and detection of division stages. A notable increase in the testicular index, acinar diameter and fresh batches of spermatozoa was perceptible in crabs injected with serotonin during revival phase. In contrast, dopamine injection showed a decline in testicular activity irrespective of the phase of spermatogenesis, as evinced from low testicular index, acinar diameter, presence of small, irregularly shaped acini with indistinct acinar boundaries, reduction in the number of mature spermatozoa and absence of division stages. To conclude, the stimulatory neurotransmittant, serotonin can be used to induce testicular maturation in species of aquaculture potential.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early colonization of plants in an area is influenced mostly by climatic, edaphic and phytogeographic factors. As arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) was associated with early invasion of land plants on earth, AM may have some role in defining the first seral community in any land. Two riverbanks were selected to study their pioneer plant community structure with species composition and diversity, soil characters and arbuscular mycorrhizal association; and correlations among these factors. Species composition, diversity and richness indices, active AM association of early colonizing plant species, soil texture, moisture, pH and E.C in two river banks differed. Similarity index for plant species between the two communities was poor. Diversity and richness indices were high in K site while evenness was high in R site. AM colonization and spore density correlated highly with plant cover and frequency in both riverbanks. Soil moisture showed a strong negative impact on mycorrhization, soil organic carbon showed little. Soil pH showed varied correlation in different sites. Early colonizing plants in R site with silt-loam soil with high moisture level are found poorly mycotrophic or nonmycotrophic; though plant cover correlated highly with mycotrophy in both sites. Plants in sandy soil of K site are highly mycotrophic and with high arbuscular and vesicular colonizations. The distribution of frequency in R site is highly deviated from Raunkiuer’s frequency class; in K site it is rather stable. The soil condition is only key factor to determine plant composition and plant-mycorrhizal relations influencing colonization of early seral community.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal association and dependency determined the pioneer plant community, diversity structure and plant cover in two river bank under same climate","authors":"Somdatta Ghosh, D. Kuila, N. Verma","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Early colonization of plants in an area is influenced mostly by climatic, edaphic and phytogeographic factors. As arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) was associated with early invasion of land plants on earth, AM may have some role in defining the first seral community in any land. Two riverbanks were selected to study their pioneer plant community structure with species composition and diversity, soil characters and arbuscular mycorrhizal association; and correlations among these factors. Species composition, diversity and richness indices, active AM association of early colonizing plant species, soil texture, moisture, pH and E.C in two river banks differed. Similarity index for plant species between the two communities was poor. Diversity and richness indices were high in K site while evenness was high in R site. AM colonization and spore density correlated highly with plant cover and frequency in both riverbanks. Soil moisture showed a strong negative impact on mycorrhization, soil organic carbon showed little. Soil pH showed varied correlation in different sites. Early colonizing plants in R site with silt-loam soil with high moisture level are found poorly mycotrophic or nonmycotrophic; though plant cover correlated highly with mycotrophy in both sites. Plants in sandy soil of K site are highly mycotrophic and with high arbuscular and vesicular colonizations. The distribution of frequency in R site is highly deviated from Raunkiuer’s frequency class; in K site it is rather stable. The soil condition is only key factor to determine plant composition and plant-mycorrhizal relations influencing colonization of early seral community.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87990671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the nutritional, Haematinic and biosafety of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) aqueous leaf extract on albino rats. Proximate and mineral compositions were determined using standard methods. Haematinic activity of the plant was done using graded doses; 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride to induce anaemia. A modified method was used for acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluations. Results from the study showed that aqueous extracts of I. batatas had significant increase in RBC, HCT, Hgb, MCV, MCH and MCHC at 7.19+/-0.45, 46.13+/-0.08, 13.43+/-0.27, 82.40+/-0.92, 24.15+/-1.24 and 37.78+/-0.20, respectively, when compared with the control group. Acute study showed no pathological behaviour with absent mortality. Sub-acute study of the spleen, heart, liver and kidney showed a mild activation of local immune system. The extracts recorded 89.14% scavenging property compared with 94.3% ascobate in antioxidant study. Proximate analysis had 31.56% of moisture content, 16.25% of protein, 7.64% of ash, 0.37% of crude fibre, 0.19% of fat and 43.99% of carbohydrate. Investigation of calcium, magnesium, Iron, potassium, phosphorus, sodium and zinc were 28.03, 339.61, 15.87, 4.61, 35.90, 4.21 and 0.08 mg/kg others were not detected. This may be due to stimulating mechanism of Myelo-Erythroid cell ratio in bone marrow or antioxidant effect. Result thus validates ethno-botanical uses of I. batatas for the treatment of anaemia.
{"title":"Nutritional, haematinic and biosafety evaluation of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) leaf extract on albino rats","authors":"B. Gabriel, M. Idu","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061301","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study evaluates the nutritional, Haematinic and biosafety of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) aqueous leaf extract on albino rats. Proximate and mineral compositions were determined using standard methods. Haematinic activity of the plant was done using graded doses; 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride to induce anaemia. A modified method was used for acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluations. Results from the study showed that aqueous extracts of I. batatas had significant increase in RBC, HCT, Hgb, MCV, MCH and MCHC at 7.19+/-0.45, 46.13+/-0.08, 13.43+/-0.27, 82.40+/-0.92, 24.15+/-1.24 and 37.78+/-0.20, respectively, when compared with the control group. Acute study showed no pathological behaviour with absent mortality. Sub-acute study of the spleen, heart, liver and kidney showed a mild activation of local immune system. The extracts recorded 89.14% scavenging property compared with 94.3% ascobate in antioxidant study. Proximate analysis had 31.56% of moisture content, 16.25% of protein, 7.64% of ash, 0.37% of crude fibre, 0.19% of fat and 43.99% of carbohydrate. Investigation of calcium, magnesium, Iron, potassium, phosphorus, sodium and zinc were 28.03, 339.61, 15.87, 4.61, 35.90, 4.21 and 0.08 mg/kg others were not detected. This may be due to stimulating mechanism of Myelo-Erythroid cell ratio in bone marrow or antioxidant effect. Result thus validates ethno-botanical uses of I. batatas for the treatment of anaemia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86087222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three species of digenean parasites, Pleurogenoides euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and Meharorchis ranarum of the frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the Wayanad Region of the South Western Ghats are reported in this paper. Multiple infections were also recorded during the study. Prevalence of infection of P. euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and M. ranarum were 15.15%, 9.09% and 12.12%, respectively, and the intensity of infection were 5.2, 7.3 and 8, and the mean abundance were 0.78, 0.66 and 0.96, respectively. Mean abundance is an indication of the dispersion of parasites among hosts. The mean abundance and the intensity were at the maximum level in M. ranarum infection and that of prevalence of infection was at the maximum level in of P. euphlycti infection.
{"title":"Digenean parasites of the Family Lecithodendriidae (Luhe, 1901) Odhner, 1901 infecting the frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of the Western Ghats, Wayanad Region, India","authors":"Dr. Shinad K, P. K. Prasadan","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three species of digenean parasites, Pleurogenoides euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and Meharorchis ranarum of the frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the Wayanad Region of the South Western Ghats are reported in this paper. Multiple infections were also recorded during the study. Prevalence of infection of P. euphlycti, P. wayanadensis and M. ranarum were 15.15%, 9.09% and 12.12%, respectively, and the intensity of infection were 5.2, 7.3 and 8, and the mean abundance were 0.78, 0.66 and 0.96, respectively. Mean abundance is an indication of the dispersion of parasites among hosts. The mean abundance and the intensity were at the maximum level in M. ranarum infection and that of prevalence of infection was at the maximum level in of P. euphlycti infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82621929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of temperature on seed germination of Bombax costatum Pellegr & Vuill. (Malvales: Malvaceae), from four provenances in South Western Nigeria was investigated. A set of three replicates of 25 seeds per provenance were used for the experiment which was laid in a completely randomized block design. The seeds were exposed to fire temperature regimes for germination tests: 28 oC, 20 oC, 5 oC, 35 oC and 20 oC. Seed germination was recorded for 4 weeks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. Result showed that significant differences in seed germination under varying temperature regimes (P < 0.05). Interaction effect between temperature and provenances was not significant (P < 0.05). Seeds placed in ambient temperature had the highest mean number of germination (20.75) while the least mean value (0.17) was observed for cold room (-20 oC). B. costatum seeds should be exposed to ambient temperature so as to promote seed germination.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on seed germination of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuill. (Malvales: Malvaceae) from Ondo and Oyo States, Nigeria","authors":"M. Ojo","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061311","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Effect of temperature on seed germination of Bombax costatum Pellegr & Vuill. (Malvales: Malvaceae), from four provenances in South Western Nigeria was investigated. A set of three replicates of 25 seeds per provenance were used for the experiment which was laid in a completely randomized block design. The seeds were exposed to fire temperature regimes for germination tests: 28 oC, 20 oC, 5 oC, 35 oC and 20 oC. Seed germination was recorded for 4 weeks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. Result showed that significant differences in seed germination under varying temperature regimes (P < 0.05). Interaction effect between temperature and provenances was not significant (P < 0.05). Seeds placed in ambient temperature had the highest mean number of germination (20.75) while the least mean value (0.17) was observed for cold room (-20 oC). B. costatum seeds should be exposed to ambient temperature so as to promote seed germination.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this ethnozoological study was to identify variables related to knowledge, perceptions, and practices associated with the occurrence of bats in an urban area. We carried a retrospective observational study with residents of 31 cases and 178 control households. We defined the cases as households where accidents occurred from 2012 to 2015, according to official health records. The control households have no accident record in the same area. We conducted data collection through a semi-structured questionnaire and performed descriptive analyses and proportion (chi-square) to identify differences between the responses of cases and controls. We have identified important gaps in relation to basic knowledge, good practices, and the importance of bats to public health. These findings should be targeted for intervention and correction by environmental educators and health managers aimed at reducing the risk of accidents with bats and zoonosis, mainly rabies.
{"title":"Evaluation of bat-related knowledge, perceptions, and practices in an urban community: A strategy for Conservation Biology and health promotion","authors":"Norlan Santos, E. Paz, I. Carneiro, C. Franke","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061303","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this ethnozoological study was to identify variables related to knowledge, perceptions, and practices associated with the occurrence of bats in an urban area. We carried a retrospective observational study with residents of 31 cases and 178 control households. We defined the cases as households where accidents occurred from 2012 to 2015, according to official health records. The control households have no accident record in the same area. We conducted data collection through a semi-structured questionnaire and performed descriptive analyses and proportion (chi-square) to identify differences between the responses of cases and controls. We have identified important gaps in relation to basic knowledge, good practices, and the importance of bats to public health. These findings should be targeted for intervention and correction by environmental educators and health managers aimed at reducing the risk of accidents with bats and zoonosis, mainly rabies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84548305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Silveira, L. S. B. Amaral, Samira Itana de Souza, Halanna Rocha Ferraz, Jéssica Alves Dias, Edilene Cândido Rocha, F. A. Silva, A. M. Magalhães, T. D. J. Soares
This study evaluated the aerobic exercise effects of moderate and progressive intensity on renal function and structure, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: OSC - ovariectomized and sedentary control rats; OSD - ovariectomized and sedentary diabetic rats; and OTD - ovariectomized and trained diabetic rats. After induction of diabetes, the OTD group was submitted to eight weeks of exercise. Twenty-four hours after the last training session urine samples were collected. Blood samples and kidneys were collected after euthanasia for renal function analysis, histology, morphometry and oxidative stress. Our results have shown a reduction of the weight gain, increase of kidney weight and postprandial glycemia in diabetic rats. However, exercise decreased glycosuria and prevented the proteinuria in OTD group rats. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), juxtamedullary glomerular tuft area, tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL), brush border loss and tubular cell debridement were reduced in OTD rats. In addition, exercise training decreased urinary and plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Our results demonstrate the beneficial effect of progressive aerobic exercise on proteinuria, glycosuria, and renal structure in ovariectomized diabetic rats, which may be mediated in part by reduction of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Effect of moderate exercise on renal changes and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"M. Silveira, L. S. B. Amaral, Samira Itana de Souza, Halanna Rocha Ferraz, Jéssica Alves Dias, Edilene Cândido Rocha, F. A. Silva, A. M. Magalhães, T. D. J. Soares","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061302","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study evaluated the aerobic exercise effects of moderate and progressive intensity on renal function and structure, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: OSC - ovariectomized and sedentary control rats; OSD - ovariectomized and sedentary diabetic rats; and OTD - ovariectomized and trained diabetic rats. After induction of diabetes, the OTD group was submitted to eight weeks of exercise. Twenty-four hours after the last training session urine samples were collected. Blood samples and kidneys were collected after euthanasia for renal function analysis, histology, morphometry and oxidative stress. Our results have shown a reduction of the weight gain, increase of kidney weight and postprandial glycemia in diabetic rats. However, exercise decreased glycosuria and prevented the proteinuria in OTD group rats. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), juxtamedullary glomerular tuft area, tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL), brush border loss and tubular cell debridement were reduced in OTD rats. In addition, exercise training decreased urinary and plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Our results demonstrate the beneficial effect of progressive aerobic exercise on proteinuria, glycosuria, and renal structure in ovariectomized diabetic rats, which may be mediated in part by reduction of oxidative stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"658 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79022199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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