The study investigated the response of tree seedlings to different pot thickness. Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don (Ericales: Sapotaceae) seedlings were subjected to four treatments, T1 = 0.01 mm pot polythene thickness, T2 = 0.02 mm polythene pot thickness, T3 = 0.03 mm polythene pot thickness, T4 = 0.04 mm pot polythene thickness, 0.01 mm served as control. There were four treatments replicated five times making a total of twenty seedlings altogether. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Growth parameters assessed fortnightly were plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and number of leaves. Soil temperature of each treatment at different time intervals were also monitored and recorded. Data recorded were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that T1 had the best performance in terms of plant height and stem diameter while equal number of leaves were recorded in all the treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were no significant differences among treatments at 5% level of significance. This indicates that polythene pot thickness of 0.01 mm-0.04 mm can be used to raise C. albidum seedlings at the nursery stage. Soil temperature increases with polythene pot thickness. Hence, T4 gave the highest soil temperature of 36.7 oC. Soil temperature and seedlings growth increases with polythene pots thickness. For optimum growth and development of C. albidum seedlings in the nursery 0.01 mm polythene pot should be used.
{"title":"Effect of polythene pot thickness on seedling growth of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don (Ericales: Sapotaceae)","authors":"M. Ojo, T. Adeniran","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigated the response of tree seedlings to different pot thickness. Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don (Ericales: Sapotaceae) seedlings were subjected to four treatments, T1 = 0.01 mm pot polythene thickness, T2 = 0.02 mm polythene pot thickness, T3 = 0.03 mm polythene pot thickness, T4 = 0.04 mm pot polythene thickness, 0.01 mm served as control. There were four treatments replicated five times making a total of twenty seedlings altogether. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Growth parameters assessed fortnightly were plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and number of leaves. Soil temperature of each treatment at different time intervals were also monitored and recorded. Data recorded were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that T1 had the best performance in terms of plant height and stem diameter while equal number of leaves were recorded in all the treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were no significant differences among treatments at 5% level of significance. This indicates that polythene pot thickness of 0.01 mm-0.04 mm can be used to raise C. albidum seedlings at the nursery stage. Soil temperature increases with polythene pot thickness. Hence, T4 gave the highest soil temperature of 36.7 oC. Soil temperature and seedlings growth increases with polythene pots thickness. For optimum growth and development of C. albidum seedlings in the nursery 0.01 mm polythene pot should be used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72651939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proximate, minerals, antinutrient and amino acid contents of the unfermented air potato (UAP), fermented air potato (APF), fermented air potato with Pleurotus ostreatus (APP) and fermented air potato with Calocybe indica (APC) were carried out using standard methods. The biosafety of the samples was also determined using Wistar rats. APP has the highest crude fiber (11.61%) and protein content (20.44%). APF has the highest moisture content of 12.95%, while UAP has the highest carbohydrate content of 71.46%. The mineral composition (mg/g) of samples revealed that APP has the highest Zn (1.21), Fe (7.53) and Mn (0.78%). APC has the highest Ca (71.31%), Mg (4.76) and K (60.65), while APF has the highest Cu (1.72%), Ni (0.38%), Cr (0.65%), Cd (0.29) and Pb (25.16). Unfermented air potato (UAP) contains the highest amount of phenols, tannin and saponin with the values of 1.16 mg/g, 2.50 mg/g and 2.57 mg/g, respectively. APP has the highest flavonoid (2.77 mg/g) and alkaloids (3.05 mg/g) and significantly different (p < 0.05) from other samples. Essential and non-essential amino acid detected in unfermented and fermented air potato ranged from 0.70 to 10.81 mg/g. Hematological and histopathological studies revealed no adverse effect on the blood and organs of the rats. The fungal mycelia enhanced the nutritional contents of fermented air potato. Hence, bioactive compounds in air potato can be of exploited and supplemented into food products.
{"title":"Nutritional value and safety of air potato Dioscorea bulbifera L. fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica","authors":"T. Bolaniran, C. O. Ogidi, B. Akinyele","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061314","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The proximate, minerals, antinutrient and amino acid contents of the unfermented air potato (UAP), fermented air potato (APF), fermented air potato with Pleurotus ostreatus (APP) and fermented air potato with Calocybe indica (APC) were carried out using standard methods. The biosafety of the samples was also determined using Wistar rats. APP has the highest crude fiber (11.61%) and protein content (20.44%). APF has the highest moisture content of 12.95%, while UAP has the highest carbohydrate content of 71.46%. The mineral composition (mg/g) of samples revealed that APP has the highest Zn (1.21), Fe (7.53) and Mn (0.78%). APC has the highest Ca (71.31%), Mg (4.76) and K (60.65), while APF has the highest Cu (1.72%), Ni (0.38%), Cr (0.65%), Cd (0.29) and Pb (25.16). Unfermented air potato (UAP) contains the highest amount of phenols, tannin and saponin with the values of 1.16 mg/g, 2.50 mg/g and 2.57 mg/g, respectively. APP has the highest flavonoid (2.77 mg/g) and alkaloids (3.05 mg/g) and significantly different (p < 0.05) from other samples. Essential and non-essential amino acid detected in unfermented and fermented air potato ranged from 0.70 to 10.81 mg/g. Hematological and histopathological studies revealed no adverse effect on the blood and organs of the rats. The fungal mycelia enhanced the nutritional contents of fermented air potato. Hence, bioactive compounds in air potato can be of exploited and supplemented into food products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73377098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Awosolu, Olufemi Joseph Akinnifesi, A. Salawu, Yemisi Florence Omotayo, E. Obimakinde, C. Olise
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease second to malaria in terms of socio-economic importance. Epidemiological data upon which management control could be based is lacking in Ikota, Ondo State, Nigeria. The present study evaluated the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among School age children in Ikota, Ifedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Ondo State, Nigeria. Urine samples were first examined macroscopically for haematuria while reagent strip was used to detect proteinuria after which sedimentation method was used to analyse the samples for characteristic features of the Schistosoma haematobium. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using Pearson's Chi Square Test. A total of 150 subjects were examined, out of which 76 (50.7%) were male and 74 (49.3%) were female. Results obtained from this study revealed a total prevalence of 24% with mean intensity of 21.82 egg/10 mL of urine. The percentage distribution of the infection among the sexes showed that the male students had a lower prevalence of 21.1% of infection than their female counterparts who had 27.0% prevalence with no significant difference (P > 0.05). It was also observed that age group 5-9 had the highest prevalence and mean intensity of 100% and 13.50 egg/10 mL of infection with no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the same vein, sources of water vary significantly among the subjects (p < 0.05). Those who depended on river water (75.0%) had the highest level of infection. Therefore, it is evident that S. haematobium infection is prevalent among the study subjects and appropriate management control strategies should be deployed to the study area.
{"title":"Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school age children in Ikota, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Awosolu, Olufemi Joseph Akinnifesi, A. Salawu, Yemisi Florence Omotayo, E. Obimakinde, C. Olise","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease second to malaria in terms of socio-economic importance. Epidemiological data upon which management control could be based is lacking in Ikota, Ondo State, Nigeria. The present study evaluated the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among School age children in Ikota, Ifedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Ondo State, Nigeria. Urine samples were first examined macroscopically for haematuria while reagent strip was used to detect proteinuria after which sedimentation method was used to analyse the samples for characteristic features of the Schistosoma haematobium. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using Pearson's Chi Square Test. A total of 150 subjects were examined, out of which 76 (50.7%) were male and 74 (49.3%) were female. Results obtained from this study revealed a total prevalence of 24% with mean intensity of 21.82 egg/10 mL of urine. The percentage distribution of the infection among the sexes showed that the male students had a lower prevalence of 21.1% of infection than their female counterparts who had 27.0% prevalence with no significant difference (P > 0.05). It was also observed that age group 5-9 had the highest prevalence and mean intensity of 100% and 13.50 egg/10 mL of infection with no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the same vein, sources of water vary significantly among the subjects (p < 0.05). Those who depended on river water (75.0%) had the highest level of infection. Therefore, it is evident that S. haematobium infection is prevalent among the study subjects and appropriate management control strategies should be deployed to the study area.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86770439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While investigating the trematode parasite infestation in the freshwater fishes of South Western Ghats, India we came across echinostome infection in three species of fishes Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Lepidocephalichthys thermlis and Aplochelus lineatus. Detailed histopathological studies on the infected kidney of the freshwater fish L. thermlis revealed severe damage and degeneration of their cells. The prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of infection of Echinostoma sp. in the three fishes were also recorded. The prevalences of Echinostoma sp. infection in the freshwater fishes P. cupanus, A. lineatus and L. thermalis were 5.55%, 66.66% and 25%, the intensities of infection were 4.5, 36 and 1, and the mean abundances were 0.25, 24 and 0.25, respectively.
{"title":"Histopathology and other aspects of echinostome infection in freshwater fishes of the South Western Ghats, India","authors":"P. J. Jithila, P. K. Prasadan","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061312","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While investigating the trematode parasite infestation in the freshwater fishes of South Western Ghats, India we came across echinostome infection in three species of fishes Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Lepidocephalichthys thermlis and Aplochelus lineatus. Detailed histopathological studies on the infected kidney of the freshwater fish L. thermlis revealed severe damage and degeneration of their cells. The prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of infection of Echinostoma sp. in the three fishes were also recorded. The prevalences of Echinostoma sp. infection in the freshwater fishes P. cupanus, A. lineatus and L. thermalis were 5.55%, 66.66% and 25%, the intensities of infection were 4.5, 36 and 1, and the mean abundances were 0.25, 24 and 0.25, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"340 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77818750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxicity of heavy metals above the normal threshold constituted a threat to humanity and biodiversity. Phytoremediation has become a novel and emerging technology of cleaning polluted sites through the use of plants. A study was carried out at the screen house located besides the academic building of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) on a brewery effluent. The parameters investigated include chlorophyll content, the concentration of the metals in the plants, Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was studied. Three different concentrations of brewery effluent were used at 50, 100 and 150 mL/5 kg of soil, respectively. The results of this study under controlled conditions indicate that effluent application increased chlorophyll content, reduced plant height and stem girth. Three heavy metals (iron, cadmium, and chromium) were detected in the shoots and leave of both plants after the experimental period. The translocation factor (less than 1) and bioaccumulation factors (greater than 1) were below the permissible limits hence indicating a possible bio-accumulator for the heavy metals investigated. Brewery effluent reduce the plant height but increase the leaf area of A. hybridus under high concentrations which possibly suggest an adaptive mechanism developed by the plant under stress.
{"title":"Phytoremediation potential of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) on soil amended with brewery effluent","authors":"B. Odiyi, F. Ologundudu, T. Adegbite","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061308","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Toxicity of heavy metals above the normal threshold constituted a threat to humanity and biodiversity. Phytoremediation has become a novel and emerging technology of cleaning polluted sites through the use of plants. A study was carried out at the screen house located besides the academic building of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) on a brewery effluent. The parameters investigated include chlorophyll content, the concentration of the metals in the plants, Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was studied. Three different concentrations of brewery effluent were used at 50, 100 and 150 mL/5 kg of soil, respectively. The results of this study under controlled conditions indicate that effluent application increased chlorophyll content, reduced plant height and stem girth. Three heavy metals (iron, cadmium, and chromium) were detected in the shoots and leave of both plants after the experimental period. The translocation factor (less than 1) and bioaccumulation factors (greater than 1) were below the permissible limits hence indicating a possible bio-accumulator for the heavy metals investigated. Brewery effluent reduce the plant height but increase the leaf area of A. hybridus under high concentrations which possibly suggest an adaptive mechanism developed by the plant under stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81511955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last 5-10 years has witness a new proven field of research where explanation have been provided to non-cultured microbes. This uncultured microorganisms forms the major group of organisms found in most environment of the Earth. The science of metagenomics makes it possible to investigate resources which can be used to develop new enzymes, genes and several chemical compounds for use in biotechnology. Studies of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture for over a century have led to significant advances into microbial genetics and physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology. The rapid advancement in sequencing technology has brought about drastic reduction cost of sequencing thereby leading to increasing sequencing project been undertaken. This advancement has provided the privilege for the continual use of this sequencing technology to monitor microbes in the environment which before now are not available. While metagenomic applications have been used to consistently have a better understanding of ecology and microbial diversity, it is pertinent to note that its application in environmental monitoring and application is commonly increasing and has been one of the research areas in focus. To this end this article seek to provide a general overview of what metagenmics is, its principle and application in hydrocarbon resource management.
{"title":"The application of metagenomics in hydrocarbon resource management","authors":"M. Gana, J. Kure, U. Ahmadu","doi":"10.21472/bjbs.061310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061310","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The last 5-10 years has witness a new proven field of research where explanation have been provided to non-cultured microbes. This uncultured microorganisms forms the major group of organisms found in most environment of the Earth. The science of metagenomics makes it possible to investigate resources which can be used to develop new enzymes, genes and several chemical compounds for use in biotechnology. Studies of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture for over a century have led to significant advances into microbial genetics and physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology. The rapid advancement in sequencing technology has brought about drastic reduction cost of sequencing thereby leading to increasing sequencing project been undertaken. This advancement has provided the privilege for the continual use of this sequencing technology to monitor microbes in the environment which before now are not available. While metagenomic applications have been used to consistently have a better understanding of ecology and microbial diversity, it is pertinent to note that its application in environmental monitoring and application is commonly increasing and has been one of the research areas in focus. To this end this article seek to provide a general overview of what metagenmics is, its principle and application in hydrocarbon resource management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85411571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilisation of three leafy vegetable diets (bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, fluted pumpkin leaf Telfairia occidentalis and pawpaw leaf Carica papaya) on the growth performance of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata. A total of 90 A. marginata were used for the study. 30 snails were also subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded significant differences (P < 0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, Archachatina marginata fed on fluted pumpkin leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on bitter and pawpaw leaves. On the other hand, snails fed on pawpaw leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on bitter and fluted pumpkin leaves. The result clearly showed that the tested leafy vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. marginata. For farmers to achieve better result, the inclusion of fluted pumpkin and pawpaw leaves in the diets of Archachatina marginata is highly recommended in snail rearing businesses.
{"title":"Utilisation of common leafy vegetables in the diets of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) (Stylommatophora: Achatinidae)","authors":"M. Amobi, B. Ezewudo","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilisation of three leafy vegetable diets (bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, fluted pumpkin leaf Telfairia occidentalis and pawpaw leaf Carica papaya) on the growth performance of giant West African snail Archachatina marginata. A total of 90 A. marginata were used for the study. 30 snails were also subjected to three different dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 snails per replicate and fed with the fresh leaves of these vegetables over a period of 12 weeks. Results obtained recorded significant differences (P < 0.05) in terms of weight gain, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. On the whole, Archachatina marginata fed on fluted pumpkin leaf performed better in terms of mean weight gain when compared with those fed on bitter and pawpaw leaves. On the other hand, snails fed on pawpaw leaf had the best mean shell length gain, mean shell circumference and mean shell thickness when compared with those fed on bitter and fluted pumpkin leaves. The result clearly showed that the tested leafy vegetables can be successfully utilised as diets for rearing of A. marginata. For farmers to achieve better result, the inclusion of fluted pumpkin and pawpaw leaves in the diets of Archachatina marginata is highly recommended in snail rearing businesses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Alamgir Hossain, M. Hossain, M. Rasul, M. Bapary
The hygienic and sanitary conditions of majority of the retail fish markets are very poor and unhealthy that may have an impact on fish retailers. The present study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Kajirbazar and Bondorbazar, in Sadar Sylhet, to assess the hygiene and sanitary condition of fish retailers. Information was collected through questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. It was found that about 82% of fish retailers were permanent in these retail markets. The retailers are mainly involved in selling various species of fishes such as carps, catfishes, tilapia, koi, hilsa, shrimp and other small indigenous fishes. The sources of these fishes are mainly of nearby haors, river and ponds. The retailers get fishes from various suppliers and also collected from producers. The income level of fish retailers is relatively low although they are trying to improve their socio-economic conditions. Besides, about 9% of the retailers do not have any formal education whereas 70% and 21% have their education in primary and secondary level, respectively. Although the majority of the retailers were found literate, however, their knowledge on public health was seemed to be very poor. Due to lack of proper knowledge on public health, they are frequently affected by various diseases such as common cold, diarrhea, lesion, fever, skin disease and so on. Particularly, 48% of the fish retailers are affected by the lesion on hands, and 31% and 27% of retailers have been affected by the lesion between fingers or toes, respectively. About 20% of the retailers do not have adequate knowledge on fish quality or benefit of using ice in fish preservation in retail markets. Considering all together, the present study revealed that the retailers operated fish markets are ill-managed, unhygienic and unsatisfactory. The lack of proper fish preservation facilities, poor water supply and unplanned infrastructures are generally regarded as a noticeable problem in the retail markets. In addition, the lack of retailer’s education, consciousness about fish quality, lack of training on hygienic and sanitary conditions are seemed to be involved in spoiling or deteriorating fish quality before reaching to the consumers. Therefore, the proper education and training on hygienic and sanitary conditions as well as sufficient knowledge on maintaining fish quality is required for retailers involved in fish retailing in the markets. It can be concluded that the improvement of relevant facilities of fish markets and proper supervision by respective authorities can ensure the better public health for retailers and safe fish food for consumers.
{"title":"Public health and hygienic condition of retailers at fish markets in Sylhet Sadar of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Alamgir Hossain, M. Hossain, M. Rasul, M. Bapary","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The hygienic and sanitary conditions of majority of the retail fish markets are very poor and unhealthy that may have an impact on fish retailers. The present study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Kajirbazar and Bondorbazar, in Sadar Sylhet, to assess the hygiene and sanitary condition of fish retailers. Information was collected through questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. It was found that about 82% of fish retailers were permanent in these retail markets. The retailers are mainly involved in selling various species of fishes such as carps, catfishes, tilapia, koi, hilsa, shrimp and other small indigenous fishes. The sources of these fishes are mainly of nearby haors, river and ponds. The retailers get fishes from various suppliers and also collected from producers. The income level of fish retailers is relatively low although they are trying to improve their socio-economic conditions. Besides, about 9% of the retailers do not have any formal education whereas 70% and 21% have their education in primary and secondary level, respectively. Although the majority of the retailers were found literate, however, their knowledge on public health was seemed to be very poor. Due to lack of proper knowledge on public health, they are frequently affected by various diseases such as common cold, diarrhea, lesion, fever, skin disease and so on. Particularly, 48% of the fish retailers are affected by the lesion on hands, and 31% and 27% of retailers have been affected by the lesion between fingers or toes, respectively. About 20% of the retailers do not have adequate knowledge on fish quality or benefit of using ice in fish preservation in retail markets. Considering all together, the present study revealed that the retailers operated fish markets are ill-managed, unhygienic and unsatisfactory. The lack of proper fish preservation facilities, poor water supply and unplanned infrastructures are generally regarded as a noticeable problem in the retail markets. In addition, the lack of retailer’s education, consciousness about fish quality, lack of training on hygienic and sanitary conditions are seemed to be involved in spoiling or deteriorating fish quality before reaching to the consumers. Therefore, the proper education and training on hygienic and sanitary conditions as well as sufficient knowledge on maintaining fish quality is required for retailers involved in fish retailing in the markets. It can be concluded that the improvement of relevant facilities of fish markets and proper supervision by respective authorities can ensure the better public health for retailers and safe fish food for consumers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80051843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of present study was to check whether the pathogenic fungi that were associated with different rot diseases of fruits and vegetables and the antagonistic fungal species produce extracellular growth regulating substances. For this present study healthy seeds of four economically important crop plants, viz. Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, Raphanus sativus and Trigonella melongena were selected. The results showed that all the pathogenic fungi except Fusarium solani decrease the germination percentage of the all seeds. Solanum lycopersicum seed germination was completely inhibited by the culture filtrate of Trichothecium roseum and Alternaria alternata. Likewise, the culture filtrate of Penicillium expansum caused complete inhibition of the germination of Brassica rapa seeds. The culture filtrate of Fusarium solani was found to increase the germination percentage of all the seeds tested during the present study. Amongst the three Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum and T. harzianum culture filtrate effectively increases the seed germination percentage of all the seeds tested while the culture filtrate of T. viride have negative effect on the germination percentage of Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, and Raphanus sativus seeds. This stimulatory or inhibitory effect of the culture filtrates can be attributed to the presence of certain metabolites/substances that the test fungi have released in the medium. To identify the substances present and the nature of these substances further studies will be carried out.
{"title":"Effect of culture filtrates of pathogenic and antagonistic fungi on seed germination of some economically important vegetables","authors":"S. Parveen, A. Wani, M. Bhat","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of present study was to check whether the pathogenic fungi that were associated with different rot diseases of fruits and vegetables and the antagonistic fungal species produce extracellular growth regulating substances. For this present study healthy seeds of four economically important crop plants, viz. Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, Raphanus sativus and Trigonella melongena were selected. The results showed that all the pathogenic fungi except Fusarium solani decrease the germination percentage of the all seeds. Solanum lycopersicum seed germination was completely inhibited by the culture filtrate of Trichothecium roseum and Alternaria alternata. Likewise, the culture filtrate of Penicillium expansum caused complete inhibition of the germination of Brassica rapa seeds. The culture filtrate of Fusarium solani was found to increase the germination percentage of all the seeds tested during the present study. Amongst the three Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum and T. harzianum culture filtrate effectively increases the seed germination percentage of all the seeds tested while the culture filtrate of T. viride have negative effect on the germination percentage of Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, and Raphanus sativus seeds. This stimulatory or inhibitory effect of the culture filtrates can be attributed to the presence of certain metabolites/substances that the test fungi have released in the medium. To identify the substances present and the nature of these substances further studies will be carried out.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89840912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Nivelo-Villavicencio, J. F. Córdova, A. Quezada
Currently in Ecuador there are 171 bats species, however little is known of their presence in urban and peri-urban areas. These information gaps make it difficult to know the distribution of the species, as well as the ecosystems they are occupying. In this work we report for the first time three bats species in the urban and peri-urban area of Cuenca City which is located in the south of the Inter-Andean Valley. The individuals were identified taxonomically by morphological and morphometric characters, these were deposited in the Zoological Collection of the University of Azuay. The specimens reported in this work are: an adult male of Lasiurus blossevillii, a juvenile female of Histiotus humboldti, and an adult male of Enchisthenes hartii. These new records allow us to contribute with information on the distribution of these species, as well as raise new questions about the use of present resources by these bats in the urban and peri-urban environments of the city.
{"title":"First records for Lasiurus blossevillii, Histiotus humboldti and Enchisthenes hartii (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in an urban region in Southern Ecuador","authors":"Carlos Nivelo-Villavicencio, J. F. Córdova, A. Quezada","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently in Ecuador there are 171 bats species, however little is known of their presence in urban and peri-urban areas. These information gaps make it difficult to know the distribution of the species, as well as the ecosystems they are occupying. In this work we report for the first time three bats species in the urban and peri-urban area of Cuenca City which is located in the south of the Inter-Andean Valley. The individuals were identified taxonomically by morphological and morphometric characters, these were deposited in the Zoological Collection of the University of Azuay. The specimens reported in this work are: an adult male of Lasiurus blossevillii, a juvenile female of Histiotus humboldti, and an adult male of Enchisthenes hartii. These new records allow us to contribute with information on the distribution of these species, as well as raise new questions about the use of present resources by these bats in the urban and peri-urban environments of the city.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90957974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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