Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935
Y Yuan, W Duan, N Yang, C Sun, Q Nie, J Li, L Lian
1. Skeletal muscle is an important component of chicken carcass. In chickens, the number of muscle fibres is fixed during the embryonic period, and muscle development during the embryonic period determines the muscle development potential after hatching.2. Beijing-You (BY) and Cornish (CN) chickens show completely different growth rates and body types, and two breeds were used in this study to explore the role of lncRNAs in muscle development during different chicken embryonic periods. A systematic analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs were conducted in the pectoral muscle tissues of BY and CN chickens at embryonic days 11 (ED11), 13 (ED13), 15 (ED15), 17 (ED17), and 1-day-old (D1) using RNA-seq. A total of 4,104 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified among the five stages, including 2,359 lncRNAs and 1,745 mRNAs.3. The number of DETs between the two breeds at ED17 (1,658 lncRNAs and 1,016 mRNAs) was much higher than the total number of DET at all the other stages (692 lncRNAs and 729 mRNAs), indicating that the two breeds show the largest difference in gene regulation at ED17.4. Correlation analysis was performed for all differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs during the five periods. Forty-three, cis interaction pairs of lncRNA-mRNA related to chicken muscle development were predicted. The expression of four pairs was verified, and the results showed MSTRG.12395.2-FGFBP2 and MSTRG.18590.6-FMOD were significantly up-regulated in CN at ED11 compared to BY and might be important candidate genes for embryonic muscle development.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of long non-coding RNA associated with embryonic muscle development in chickens.","authors":"Y Yuan, W Duan, N Yang, C Sun, Q Nie, J Li, L Lian","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Skeletal muscle is an important component of chicken carcass. In chickens, the number of muscle fibres is fixed during the embryonic period, and muscle development during the embryonic period determines the muscle development potential after hatching.2. Beijing-You (BY) and Cornish (CN) chickens show completely different growth rates and body types, and two breeds were used in this study to explore the role of lncRNAs in muscle development during different chicken embryonic periods. A systematic analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs were conducted in the pectoral muscle tissues of BY and CN chickens at embryonic days 11 (ED11), 13 (ED13), 15 (ED15), 17 (ED17), and 1-day-old (D1) using RNA-seq. A total of 4,104 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified among the five stages, including 2,359 lncRNAs and 1,745 mRNAs.3. The number of DETs between the two breeds at ED17 (1,658 lncRNAs and 1,016 mRNAs) was much higher than the total number of DET at all the other stages (692 lncRNAs and 729 mRNAs), indicating that the two breeds show the largest difference in gene regulation at ED17.4. Correlation analysis was performed for all differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs during the five periods. Forty-three, cis interaction pairs of lncRNA-mRNA related to chicken muscle development were predicted. The expression of four pairs was verified, and the results showed MSTRG.12395.2-<i>FGFBP2</i> and MSTRG.18590.6-<i>FMOD</i> were significantly up-regulated in CN at ED11 compared to BY and might be important candidate genes for embryonic muscle development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2346317
T H Whitehouse, F Zaefarian, M R Abdollahi, V Ravindran
1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the source of fat (soybean oil or tallow) on the ileal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses in broilers.2. Three nitrogen (N)-free diets; a control diet with no added fat and test diets with 60 g/kg of either soybean oil or tallow were formulated. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. Each diet was assigned to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) from d 18 to 21 post-hatch. On d 21, the digesta were collected from the lower half of the ileum.3. The endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids (AA) were lower (p = 0.08; p = 0.001) in broilers fed diets with soybean oil or tallow, respectively, compared to those fed the diet with no fat. Source of fat had no influence (p > 0.05) on EAA losses.4. The most abundant AA in the ileal endogenous protein was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, threonine, leucine, serine, valine and proline. In general, the concentrations of AA in the endogenous protein were lower (p < 0.05) with added fat. The exceptions were methionine, cysteine, proline and serine, which were unaffected. The effect of fat source on the AA contents of endogenous protein were inconsistent and differed depending on the AA.5. The inclusion of fats decreased EAA losses which implied they have beneficial effects beyond direct energy contribution. It can be proposed that the reduction of EAA flow may be an additional mechanism contributing to the extra-caloric effect of dietary fats.
1.2. 配制了三种无氮(N)日粮;不添加脂肪的对照日粮和添加 60 克/千克大豆油或牛脂的试验日粮。所有日粮中都添加了二氧化钛(5 克/千克)作为难消化标记物。从孵化后第 18 天到第 21 天,将每种日粮分配到六个重复笼中(每个笼子八只鸟)。与饲喂不含脂肪的日粮相比,饲喂大豆油或牛油日粮的肉鸡氮和氨基酸(AA)的内源损失分别较低(p = 0.08;p = 0.001)。脂肪来源对 EAA 的损失没有影响(p > 0.05)。 回肠内源蛋白中含量最高的 AA 是谷氨酸,其次是天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸和脯氨酸。一般来说,内源蛋白中的 AA 浓度较低(p
{"title":"Dietary fat lowers ileal endogenous amino acid losses in broiler chickens.","authors":"T H Whitehouse, F Zaefarian, M R Abdollahi, V Ravindran","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346317","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the source of fat (soybean oil or tallow) on the ileal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses in broilers.2. Three nitrogen (N)-free diets; a control diet with no added fat and test diets with 60 g/kg of either soybean oil or tallow were formulated. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. Each diet was assigned to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) from d 18 to 21 post-hatch. On d 21, the digesta were collected from the lower half of the ileum.3. The endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids (AA) were lower (<i>p</i> = 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.001) in broilers fed diets with soybean oil or tallow, respectively, compared to those fed the diet with no fat. Source of fat had no influence (<i>p</i> > 0.05) on EAA losses.4. The most abundant AA in the ileal endogenous protein was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, threonine, leucine, serine, valine and proline. In general, the concentrations of AA in the endogenous protein were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with added fat. The exceptions were methionine, cysteine, proline and serine, which were unaffected. The effect of fat source on the AA contents of endogenous protein were inconsistent and differed depending on the AA.5. The inclusion of fats decreased EAA losses which implied they have beneficial effects beyond direct energy contribution. It can be proposed that the reduction of EAA flow may be an additional mechanism contributing to the extra-caloric effect of dietary fats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2332719
L A L da Silva, T C Euzébio Dornelas, F E De Marchi, T C Dos Santos
1. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary omega 6:3 ratios fed to male and female Japanese quail breeders on incubation performance, chick quality and progeny performance.2. A completely randomised design was used, with five diets containing different ratios of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (LA from soybean oil) or α-linolenic acid (ALA from linseed oil) with LA/ALA ratios of 13.75:1, 10.69:1, 7.63:1, 4.57:1 and 1.48:1 with 12 cage replicates containing six birds each.3. There was a quadratic effect of the LA/ALA ratio on total hatchability (p < 0.011), fertile hatchability (p = 0.046) and total mortality (p = 0.046). There was no effect on fertility (p > 0.05). The LA/ALA ratios of 1.48 and 13.75 fed to both hens and cockerels or hens resulted in greater fertility, as measured by the number of days after copulation during which fertile eggs were laid and the number of points of hydrolysis on the perivitelline membrane. A decreasing linear effect (p < 0.0001) was observed on chick length and an increasing linear effect on body weight at 1 day of age. There were no effects on progeny performance.4. The LA/ALA ratio affected yolk mineral matter (p = 0.009), crude protein (p = 0.091), chick mineral matter (p < 0.038) and ether extract (p < 0.0001) contents. Maternal diet affected the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and chick liver, indicating that dietary contents were transferred to eggs and chicks.5. Fertile egg production increased with lower LA/ALA ratios. Therefore, linseed oil can be used together with soybean oil to formulate diets for female Japanese quail obtain LA/ALA ratios between 4:1 and 10:1.
{"title":"Dietary ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid affects the reproductive performance of Japanese quail.","authors":"L A L da Silva, T C Euzébio Dornelas, F E De Marchi, T C Dos Santos","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2332719","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2332719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary omega 6:3 ratios fed to male and female Japanese quail breeders on incubation performance, chick quality and progeny performance.2. A completely randomised design was used, with five diets containing different ratios of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (LA from soybean oil) or α-linolenic acid (ALA from linseed oil) with LA/ALA ratios of 13.75:1, 10.69:1, 7.63:1, 4.57:1 and 1.48:1 with 12 cage replicates containing six birds each.3. There was a quadratic effect of the LA/ALA ratio on total hatchability (<i>p</i> < 0.011), fertile hatchability (<i>p</i> = 0.046) and total mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.046). There was no effect on fertility (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The LA/ALA ratios of 1.48 and 13.75 fed to both hens and cockerels or hens resulted in greater fertility, as measured by the number of days after copulation during which fertile eggs were laid and the number of points of hydrolysis on the perivitelline membrane. A decreasing linear effect (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) was observed on chick length and an increasing linear effect on body weight at 1 day of age. There were no effects on progeny performance.4. The LA/ALA ratio affected yolk mineral matter (<i>p</i> = 0.009), crude protein (<i>p</i> = 0.091), chick mineral matter (<i>p</i> < 0.038) and ether extract (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) contents. Maternal diet affected the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and chick liver, indicating that dietary contents were transferred to eggs and chicks.5. Fertile egg production increased with lower LA/ALA ratios. Therefore, linseed oil can be used together with soybean oil to formulate diets for female Japanese quail obtain LA/ALA ratios between 4:1 and 10:1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2375723
R Wei, Y Teng, R Ning, Z Luo, L Bai, C Han
1. In order to compare the difference between different derivatisations for amino acids determination of foie gras via, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), O-phthalaldehyde and 9-fluorenyl-methyl chloroformate (OPA-FMOC group), phenylisothiocyanate (PITC group) and 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydrox-ysuccinimidyl Carbamate (AQC group) were applied to derivatisation reagent in this current experiment. The determination results of automatic amino acid analyser were applied, and 17 amino acids were detected by these three derivatisation methods.2. The running times of OPA-FMOC group, PITC group and AQC group were 18, 45 and 35 min, respectively. There was a large difference between the results of OPA-FMOC group and results from the automatic amino acid analyser, although the difference between the results from PITC and the automatic amino acid analyser was minimal.3. In conclusion, the running time of OPA-FMOC group was shorter than that of PITC group and AQC group; the accuracy of the former was better than the OPA-FMOC group and AQC group for the determination of amino acid of foie gras.
{"title":"Comparison of different derivatisation for amino acids determination of foie gras by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).","authors":"R Wei, Y Teng, R Ning, Z Luo, L Bai, C Han","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2375723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2375723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In order to compare the difference between different derivatisations for amino acids determination of foie gras <i>via</i>, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), O-phthalaldehyde and 9-fluorenyl-methyl chloroformate (OPA-FMOC group), phenylisothiocyanate (PITC group) and 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydrox-ysuccinimidyl Carbamate (AQC group) were applied to derivatisation reagent in this current experiment. The determination results of automatic amino acid analyser were applied, and 17 amino acids were detected by these three derivatisation methods.2. The running times of OPA-FMOC group, PITC group and AQC group were 18, 45 and 35 min, respectively. There was a large difference between the results of OPA-FMOC group and results from the automatic amino acid analyser, although the difference between the results from PITC and the automatic amino acid analyser was minimal.3. In conclusion, the running time of OPA-FMOC group was shorter than that of PITC group and AQC group; the accuracy of the former was better than the OPA-FMOC group and AQC group for the determination of amino acid of foie gras.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2379950
G A Kurtbeyoğlu, M Akan
1. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of chickens caused by a virus (IBDV) which has a bi-segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. It has five viral proteins in its structure; the VP1 gene is encoded in segment B and the other four are in segment A.2. In this study, bursae of Fabricius and spleen samples taken from chickens suspected of having clinical or subclinical IBD from a total of 50 chicken flocks located in different geographical regions of Turkey were examined.3. The RT-PCR analysis of the VP2 gene showed that 30 of the 50 samples (60%) tested positive. Eight positive isolates were chosen and RT-PCR was performed to amplify the VP1 gene.4. The study showed that reassortant field strains that cause clinical or subclinical disease are currently circulating in broiler flocks across Turkey.
1.传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是一种由病毒(IBDV)引起的鸡的急性、高度传染性病毒性疾病。它的结构中有五种病毒蛋白,VP1 基因在 B 段编码,其他四种在 A 段编码2。3. VP2 基因的 RT-PCR 分析显示,50 个样本中有 30 个(60%)呈阳性。4. 研究表明,可引起临床或亚临床疾病的野外再变种毒株目前正在土耳其各地的肉鸡群中流行。
{"title":"Molecular characterisation of IBDV isolates in Turkey revealed reassortant strains.","authors":"G A Kurtbeyoğlu, M Akan","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2379950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2379950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of chickens caused by a virus (IBDV) which has a bi-segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. It has five viral proteins in its structure; the VP1 gene is encoded in segment B and the other four are in segment A.2. In this study, bursae of Fabricius and spleen samples taken from chickens suspected of having clinical or subclinical IBD from a total of 50 chicken flocks located in different geographical regions of Turkey were examined.3. The RT-PCR analysis of the VP2 gene showed that 30 of the 50 samples (60%) tested positive. Eight positive isolates were chosen and RT-PCR was performed to amplify the VP1 gene.4. The study showed that reassortant field strains that cause clinical or subclinical disease are currently circulating in broiler flocks across Turkey.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2377748
D Zhang, H Wu, Y Wang, Z Xu, X Sun, S Liswaniso, N Qin, R Xu
1. The proliferation of granulosa cells is vital for the development and recruitment of hen ovarian prehierarchical follicles (PF). The RAB23 protein is a member of the Rab family, belonging to the GTPase family. This study studied the regulatory roles of the RAB23 gene in PF.2. The expression of RAB23 was significantly increased in granulosa cells (GC) during PF growth and was highest in GC at 6-8 mm diameter (p < 0.05). The RAB23 protein was mainly expressed in the GC, oocytes (OC) as well as somatic cells (SC) of the PF.3. The mRNA expression of FSHR, CCND1,CYP11A1, StAR and HSD3B1 was significantly increased in the siRNA RAB23 group (p < 0.05). Additionally, protein expression of FSHR, CCND1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1 was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after GC were transfected with RAB23-specific siRNA. Protein expression of StAR in the siRNA RAB23 group was numerically higher than that in the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups. The GC proliferation rate and progesterone synthesis of the prehierarchical follicles in hen ovaries were markedly increased in vitro (p < 0.05).4.This study revealed that RAB23 might play an inhibitory role in GC proliferation and progesterone synthesis during the prehierarchical follicles development in vitro.
{"title":"The inhibition roles of <i>RAB23</i> gene in granulosa cell proliferation and progesterone synthesis of hen ovarian prehierarchical follicles.","authors":"D Zhang, H Wu, Y Wang, Z Xu, X Sun, S Liswaniso, N Qin, R Xu","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2377748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2377748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The proliferation of granulosa cells is vital for the development and recruitment of hen ovarian prehierarchical follicles (PF). The RAB23 protein is a member of the Rab family, belonging to the GTPase family. This study studied the regulatory roles of the <i>RAB23</i> gene in PF.2. The expression of RAB23 was significantly increased in granulosa cells (GC) during PF growth and was highest in GC at 6-8 mm diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The RAB23 protein was mainly expressed in the GC, oocytes (OC) as well as somatic cells (SC) of the PF.3. The mRNA expression of <i>FSHR</i>, <i>CCND1,CYP11A1</i>, <i>StAR</i> and <i>HSD3B1</i> was significantly increased in the siRNA <i>RAB23</i> group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, protein expression of FSHR, CCND1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1 was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) after GC were transfected with <i>RAB23</i>-specific siRNA. Protein expression of StAR in the siRNA <i>RAB23</i> group was numerically higher than that in the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups. The GC proliferation rate and progesterone synthesis of the prehierarchical follicles in hen ovaries were markedly increased <i>in vitro</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4.This study revealed that <i>RAB23</i> might play an inhibitory role in GC proliferation and progesterone synthesis during the prehierarchical follicles development <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360621
Z Chen, C Lou, W Zheng, B Wu
1. Preventing disease is important in poultry production systems, but this has mainly been studied in chickens. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of microbial aerosols in intensive goose house environments.2. To evaluate the environmental quality of geese housing, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected using an ambient air particulate matter sampler. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse bacterial diversity and relative abundance. Results showed that the number of general and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 1,578 and 19 112 in all PM2.5 samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Acidobacterota were the four most abundant phyla in PM2.5.3. Compared with bacterial phyla in the PM2.5 from chicken houses, those in the genus Acidobacterota were increased in goose housing. There are various genera of bacteria present in PM2.5, and their composition was similar across different samples. No significant change was observed in the diversity of microbiota in the PM2.5, although multiple pathogenic bacteria were detected.4. A prediction function showed that a variety of bacterial phyla correlated positively with the human diseases.5. In summary, the microbial aerosols in the goose shed pose significant risks to the health of the geese. Regular monitoring of the composition of microbial aerosols is important for the healthy growth of geese and disease prevention and control.
{"title":"Temporal variation characteristics of microbial aerosols in the goose house environment.","authors":"Z Chen, C Lou, W Zheng, B Wu","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2360621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2360621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Preventing disease is important in poultry production systems, but this has mainly been studied in chickens. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of microbial aerosols in intensive goose house environments.2. To evaluate the environmental quality of geese housing, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected using an ambient air particulate matter sampler. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse bacterial diversity and relative abundance. Results showed that the number of general and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 1,578 and 19 112 in all PM2.5 samples. <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Acidobacterota</i> were the four most abundant phyla in PM2.5.3. Compared with bacterial phyla in the PM2.5 from chicken houses, those in the genus <i>Acidobacterota</i> were increased in goose housing. There are various genera of bacteria present in PM2.5, and their composition was similar across different samples. No significant change was observed in the diversity of microbiota in the PM2.5, although multiple pathogenic bacteria were detected.4. A prediction function showed that a variety of bacterial phyla correlated positively with the human diseases.5. In summary, the microbial aerosols in the goose shed pose significant risks to the health of the geese. Regular monitoring of the composition of microbial aerosols is important for the healthy growth of geese and disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2365859
M M F Santos, C V B Grisi, M S Madruga, F A P Silva
1. The production of chicken meat has resulted in high volumes of byproducts, such as feathers, bones, skin, viscera, and feet. The structure of feathers is one of the most complex among vertebrates, with a central axis and lateral filamentary structures, providing rigidity, lightness, and flexibility. Chicken feathers are composed of proteins, lipids, and water, with the highest protein content, especially keratin, which is responsible for the material's rigidity.2. Industries still make little use of feathers, which are generally intended for the production of flour or organic fertilisers. These are low added value products, and discarded feathers can harm the environment.3. Keratin extraction techniques and resulting protein hydrolysates have been studied in chicken feathers. Acid, alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis is the most commonly used method for obtaining molecules with functional properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity.4. The development of keratin-based biodegradable films represents an area of interest for reducing the economic and environmental impacts caused by inappropriate disposal of feathers.
{"title":"Nutritional and technological potential of chicken feathers for the food industry.","authors":"M M F Santos, C V B Grisi, M S Madruga, F A P Silva","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2365859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2365859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The production of chicken meat has resulted in high volumes of byproducts, such as feathers, bones, skin, viscera, and feet. The structure of feathers is one of the most complex among vertebrates, with a central axis and lateral filamentary structures, providing rigidity, lightness, and flexibility. Chicken feathers are composed of proteins, lipids, and water, with the highest protein content, especially keratin, which is responsible for the material's rigidity.2. Industries still make little use of feathers, which are generally intended for the production of flour or organic fertilisers. These are low added value products, and discarded feathers can harm the environment.3. Keratin extraction techniques and resulting protein hydrolysates have been studied in chicken feathers. Acid, alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis is the most commonly used method for obtaining molecules with functional properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity.4. The development of keratin-based biodegradable films represents an area of interest for reducing the economic and environmental impacts caused by inappropriate disposal of feathers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2352835
Y Cufadar, S Golzar Adabi, E T Gül, L Nollet
1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of phytase on the performance, egg quality and gut health of white laying hens.2. Treatments consisted of a negative control (NC) diet containing 0.14% available phosphorus (avP), positive control (PC) diet containing 0.35% avP provided via dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and DCP replaced in the PC by with three graded levels of phytase derived from Komagataella phaffii at 500 (PC-500), 750 (PC-750) and 1000 (PC-1000) FTU/kg which provided 0.176%, 0.188% and 0.200% of avP, respectively.3. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and jejunal morphometry were negatively affected in NC-fed birds (p < 0.05). Considering the whole period, birds fed a diet supplemented with graded levels of phytase shared the same egg production and feed intake levels with PC birds (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lowered by 4.9%, 1.6% and 7.6% in hens fed on diets PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000, respectively compared to those fed the PC (p < 0.05).4. Neither of the dietary treatments affected cracked eggs, dirty eggs, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness. Dietary supplementation of phytase significantly increased villus surface area by 15%, 36% and 40% in PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000 birds, respectively compared to PC (p < 0.05).5. A significant increase in lactobacillus count was observed in line with increasing the level of phytase (p < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on the caecal coliform or aerobic populations. Furthermore, phytase supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; p < 0.01).6. In conclusion, along with improving performance parameters, the inclusion of phytase in laying hen diets can ameliorate intestinal morphology and stimulate caecal microflora and increase SCFA concentrations.
1.本研究旨在确定分级植酸酶对白羽蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋质量和肠道健康的影响。处理包括含有 0.14% 可用磷(avP)的阴性对照(NC)日粮、通过磷酸二钙(DCP)提供 0.35% 可用磷的阳性对照(PC)日粮,以及在阳性对照(PC)日粮中用 500(PC-500)、750(PC-750)和 1000(PC-1000) FTU/kg(分别提供 0.176%、0.188% 和 0.200%的可用磷)的植酸酶替代 DCP。NC饲喂的鸡的产蛋量、采食量、饲料转化率和空肠形态均受到负面影响(P P P P P P
{"title":"Effects of graded levels of dietary microbial 6-phytase on performance, intestinal histomorphology, caecal microbial population and short-chain fatty acid composition of Lohmann white-classics.","authors":"Y Cufadar, S Golzar Adabi, E T Gül, L Nollet","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2352835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2352835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of phytase on the performance, egg quality and gut health of white laying hens.2. Treatments consisted of a negative control (NC) diet containing 0.14% available phosphorus (avP), positive control (PC) diet containing 0.35% avP provided via dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and DCP replaced in the PC by with three graded levels of phytase derived from <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> at 500 (PC-500), 750 (PC-750) and 1000 (PC-1000) FTU/kg which provided 0.176%, 0.188% and 0.200% of avP, respectively.3. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and jejunal morphometry were negatively affected in NC-fed birds (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Considering the whole period, birds fed a diet supplemented with graded levels of phytase shared the same egg production and feed intake levels with PC birds (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lowered by 4.9%, 1.6% and 7.6% in hens fed on diets PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000, respectively compared to those fed the PC (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. Neither of the dietary treatments affected cracked eggs, dirty eggs, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness. Dietary supplementation of phytase significantly increased villus surface area by 15%, 36% and 40% in PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000 birds, respectively compared to PC (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. A significant increase in lactobacillus count was observed in line with increasing the level of phytase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on the caecal coliform or aerobic populations. Furthermore, phytase supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; <i>p</i> < 0.01).6. In conclusion, along with improving performance parameters, the inclusion of phytase in laying hen diets can ameliorate intestinal morphology and stimulate caecal microflora and increase SCFA concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2346640
L Li, M Ma, G Zuo, J Xiao, J Chen, X He, Z Song
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of manganese (Mn) amino acid complexes on growth performance, Mn deposition, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development of broilers.2. A total of 504, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven treatments; control diet (CON; basal diet, no extra Mn addition), manganese diet (MnN as Numine®-Mn; CON + 40, 80, 120 or 160 mg Mn/kg), manganese-S group (MnS; CON + 120 mg Mn/kg as MnSO4·H2O), manganese-A diet (MnA as Mn from hydrolysed feather meal; CON + 40 mg Mn/kg as MnA).3. There were no significant differences for average daily gain (ADG) or feed intake (ADFI) among diets during the feed phases (p > 0.05). The FCR in the starter and over the whole period were quadratically affected by dietary MnN dosage and gave the lowest FCR at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The Mn content of thigh muscle, jejunum, heart, pancreas, liver and tibia increased linearly with MnN addition (p < 0.05).4. For meat quality, MnN significantly increased colour (a*), pH45 min and pH24 h, reduced shear force, drip loss and pressure loss of breast muscle (p < 0.05).5. Moreover, MnN significantly upregulated MYOD expression at d 21 and SOD expression at d 42, decreased MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 mRNA level at d 42 in breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulating effect of MnN on muscle development significantly enriched signalling pathways such as adhesion, ECM-receptor, MAPK, mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, dietary MnN significantly affected tibia length and growth plate development (p < 0.05) and promoted growth plate chondrocytes by increasing SOX-9, Runx-2, Mef2c, TGF-β, Ihh, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 and decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 (p < 0.05) expression which affect longitudinal tibial development.6. In conclusion, Mn amino acid complexes could improve growth performance, tissue Mn deposition, breast muscle development, meat quality and bone development.
{"title":"Effect of manganese amino acid complexes on growth performance, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development in broilers.","authors":"L Li, M Ma, G Zuo, J Xiao, J Chen, X He, Z Song","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346640","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of manganese (Mn) amino acid complexes on growth performance, Mn deposition, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development of broilers.2. A total of 504, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven treatments; control diet (CON; basal diet, no extra Mn addition), manganese diet (MnN as Numine®-Mn; CON + 40, 80, 120 or 160 mg Mn/kg), manganese-S group (MnS; CON + 120 mg Mn/kg as MnSO4·H2O), manganese-A diet (MnA as Mn from hydrolysed feather meal; CON + 40 mg Mn/kg as MnA).3. There were no significant differences for average daily gain (ADG) or feed intake (ADFI) among diets during the feed phases (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The FCR in the starter and over the whole period were quadratically affected by dietary MnN dosage and gave the lowest FCR at 80 mg/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The Mn content of thigh muscle, jejunum, heart, pancreas, liver and tibia increased linearly with MnN addition (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. For meat quality, MnN significantly increased colour (a*), pH<sub>45 min</sub> and pH<sub>24 h</sub>, reduced shear force, drip loss and pressure loss of breast muscle (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. Moreover, MnN significantly upregulated <i>MYOD</i> expression at d 21 and <i>SOD</i> expression at d 42, decreased <i>MuRF1</i> and <i>Atrogin-1</i> mRNA level at d 42 in breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulating effect of MnN on muscle development significantly enriched signalling pathways such as adhesion, ECM-receptor, MAPK, mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, dietary MnN significantly affected tibia length and growth plate development (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and promoted growth plate chondrocytes by increasing <i>SOX-9</i>, <i>Runx-2</i>, <i>Mef2c</i>, <i>TGF-β</i>, <i>Ihh</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Beclin1</i> and decreasing <i>Bax</i> and <i>Caspase-3</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) expression which affect longitudinal tibial development.6. In conclusion, Mn amino acid complexes could improve growth performance, tissue Mn deposition, breast muscle development, meat quality and bone development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}