Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666
C E Aruwa, S Sabiu
1. The poultry microbiome and its stability at every point in time, either free range or reared under different farming systems, is affected by several environmental and innate factors. The interaction of the poultry birds with their microbiome, as well as several inherent and extraneous factors contribute to the microbiome dynamics. A poor understanding of this could worsen poultry heath and result in disease/metabolic disorders.2. Many diseased states associated with poultry have been linked to dysbiosis state, where the microbiome experiences some perturbation. Dysbiosis itself is too often downplayed; however, it is considered a disease which could lead to more serious conditions in poultry. The management of interconnected factors by conventional and emerging technologies (sequencing, nanotechnology, robotics, 3D mini-guts) could prove to be indispensable in ensuring poultry health and welfare.3. Findings showed that high-throughput technological advancements enhanced scientific insights into emerging trends surrounding the poultry gut microbiome and ecosystem, the dysbiotic condition, and the dynamic roles of intrinsic and exogenous factors in determining poultry health. Yet, a combination of conventional, -omics based and other techniques further enhance characterisation of key poultry microbiome actors, their mechanisms of action, and roles in maintaining gut homoeostasis and health, in a bid to avert metabolic disorders and infections.4. In conclusion, there is an important interplay of innate, environmental, abiotic and biotic factors impacting on poultry gut microbiome homoeostasis, dysbiosis, and overall health. Associated infections and metabolic disorders can result from the interconnected nature of these factors. Emerging concepts (interkingdom or network signalling and neurotransmitter), and future technologies (mini-gut models, cobots) need to include these interactions to ensure accurate control and outcomes.
{"title":"Interplay of poultry-microbiome interactions - influencing factors and microbes in poultry infections and metabolic disorders.","authors":"C E Aruwa, S Sabiu","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The poultry microbiome and its stability at every point in time, either free range or reared under different farming systems, is affected by several environmental and innate factors. The interaction of the poultry birds with their microbiome, as well as several inherent and extraneous factors contribute to the microbiome dynamics. A poor understanding of this could worsen poultry heath and result in disease/metabolic disorders.2. Many diseased states associated with poultry have been linked to dysbiosis state, where the microbiome experiences some perturbation. Dysbiosis itself is too often downplayed; however, it is considered a disease which could lead to more serious conditions in poultry. The management of interconnected factors by conventional and emerging technologies (sequencing, nanotechnology, robotics, 3D mini-guts) could prove to be indispensable in ensuring poultry health and welfare.3. Findings showed that high-throughput technological advancements enhanced scientific insights into emerging trends surrounding the poultry gut microbiome and ecosystem, the dysbiotic condition, and the dynamic roles of intrinsic and exogenous factors in determining poultry health. Yet, a combination of conventional, -omics based and other techniques further enhance characterisation of key poultry microbiome actors, their mechanisms of action, and roles in maintaining gut homoeostasis and health, in a bid to avert metabolic disorders and infections.4. In conclusion, there is an important interplay of innate, environmental, abiotic and biotic factors impacting on poultry gut microbiome homoeostasis, dysbiosis, and overall health. Associated infections and metabolic disorders can result from the interconnected nature of these factors. Emerging concepts (interkingdom or network signalling and neurotransmitter), and future technologies (mini-gut models, cobots) need to include these interactions to ensure accurate control and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"523-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360631
M Z Kritsa, K Tsiboukas, E N Sossidou, P E Simitzis, M Goliomytis
1. In recent years, public concern regarding animal welfare has increased while, at the same time, cage systems for animal production have been greatly criticised by EU citizens. In addition, large food retailers promote food products that are made with eggs produced in cage-free systems.2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of the transition of laying hens' to production systems; from conventional to alternative systems with improved welfare. Three independent scenarios were assumed as follows: transition from enriched colony cages to barn (S1), transition from barn to free-range (S2), and transition from free-range to organic (S3). Economic assessments of each transition was applied to a model farm in Greece with 12 000 hens, through partial budget analysis and net benefits and costs were estimated.3. The results showed a positive economic impact in all transitions to a production system of improved animal welfare (€12,044 in S1, €18,957 in S2 and €7,977 in S3) which indicated that they are economically sustainable. In all scenarios, unit cost increased by 19% in S1, 12% in S2, and 85% in S3.4. In conclusion, transitioning towards improved animal welfare production systems in laying hen farms could be an economically viable option for egg producers in compliance with societal demands and market trends.
{"title":"Partial budget analysis of laying hens' transition from cages to production systems of improved welfare: a case study in Greece.","authors":"M Z Kritsa, K Tsiboukas, E N Sossidou, P E Simitzis, M Goliomytis","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2360631","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2360631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In recent years, public concern regarding animal welfare has increased while, at the same time, cage systems for animal production have been greatly criticised by EU citizens. In addition, large food retailers promote food products that are made with eggs produced in cage-free systems.2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of the transition of laying hens' to production systems; from conventional to alternative systems with improved welfare. Three independent scenarios were assumed as follows: transition from enriched colony cages to barn (S1), transition from barn to free-range (S2), and transition from free-range to organic (S3). Economic assessments of each transition was applied to a model farm in Greece with 12 000 hens, through partial budget analysis and net benefits and costs were estimated.3. The results showed a positive economic impact in all transitions to a production system of improved animal welfare (€12,044 in S1, €18,957 in S2 and €7,977 in S3) which indicated that they are economically sustainable. In all scenarios, unit cost increased by 19% in S1, 12% in S2, and 85% in S3.4. In conclusion, transitioning towards improved animal welfare production systems in laying hen farms could be an economically viable option for egg producers in compliance with societal demands and market trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"503-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2364351
Y Wang, S Wang, Z Zang, B Li, G Liu, H Huang, X Zhao
1. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms affecting brooding in Zhedong white geese by examining differences in reproductive endocrine levels, ovarian histology and transcriptomics.2. Twenty 18-month-old Zhedong white geese were selected to examine their ovaries using histological, biochemical, molecular biological, and high-throughput sequencing techniques during the laying and brooding periods.3. The results showed that the number of atretic follicles and apoptotic cells in the ovaries increased significantly (p < 0.05), the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and oestradiol decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and the level of prolactin increased significantly (p < 0.01) during the brooding stage.4. In broody geese, the expression of CASP3, CASP9, P53, BAX, and Cyt-c were considerably higher (p < 0.05), but BCL2 expression was significantly lower (p < 0.05).5. In ovarian tissues, 260 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 13 differentially expressed miRNA and 60 differentially expressed mRNA were all discovered using transcriptome sequencing analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNA and non-coding RNA target genes were primarily involved in ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction, mTOR signalling, and the calcium signalling pathway.6. In conclusion, follicular atrophy and apoptosis occurred in the ovaries and serum reproductive hormone levels were significantly changed during the brooding period of Zhedong white geese. COL3A1, COL1A2, GRIA1, RNF152, miR-192, and miR-194 may be important candidates for the regulation of brooding behaviour, with the mTOR signalling pathway playing a key role.
1.本研究通过研究浙东白鹅生殖内分泌水平、卵巢组织学和转录组学的差异,探讨影响浙东白鹅育雏的分子机制。 选取 20 只 18 月龄浙东白鹅,在产蛋期和育雏期使用组织学、生物化学、分子生物学和高通量测序技术对其卵巢进行检测。结果表明,卵巢中闭锁卵泡和凋亡细胞的数量显著增加(p p p CASP3、CASP9、P53、BAX 和 Cyt-c 的表达量显著增加(p BCL2 的表达量显著降低(p COL3A1、COL1A2、GRIA1、RNF152、miR-192 和 miR-194 可能是调控育雏行为的重要候选因子,其中 mTOR 信号通路起着关键作用。
{"title":"Molecular and transcriptomic analysis of the ovary during laying and brooding stages in Zhedong white geese (<i>Anser cygnoides domesticus</i>).","authors":"Y Wang, S Wang, Z Zang, B Li, G Liu, H Huang, X Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2364351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2364351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms affecting brooding in Zhedong white geese by examining differences in reproductive endocrine levels, ovarian histology and transcriptomics.2. Twenty 18-month-old Zhedong white geese were selected to examine their ovaries using histological, biochemical, molecular biological, and high-throughput sequencing techniques during the laying and brooding periods.3. The results showed that the number of atretic follicles and apoptotic cells in the ovaries increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and oestradiol decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the level of prolactin increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) during the brooding stage.4. In broody geese, the expression of <i>CASP3, CASP9, P53, BAX</i>, and <i>Cyt-c</i> were considerably higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but <i>BCL2</i> expression was significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. In ovarian tissues, 260 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 13 differentially expressed miRNA and 60 differentially expressed mRNA were all discovered using transcriptome sequencing analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNA and non-coding RNA target genes were primarily involved in ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction, mTOR signalling, and the calcium signalling pathway.6. In conclusion, follicular atrophy and apoptosis occurred in the ovaries and serum reproductive hormone levels were significantly changed during the brooding period of Zhedong white geese. <i>COL3A1, COL1A2, GRIA1, RNF152</i>, miR-192, and miR-194 may be important candidates for the regulation of brooding behaviour, with the mTOR signalling pathway playing a key role.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"631-644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2405208
S Dhakal, H Hetland, B Svihus
1. An experiment was carried out to examine if a heterogeneous diet consisting of pellets and coarse cereal particles would result in a similar feed intake to pelleted-only diets. It also considered whether coarser particles entering the gizzard would encourage the development of the gizzard and thus improve digestive tract functionality. Maize and wheat were hammer milled through a 3 mm screen after coarse grinding using either one of the two screens with a novel pattern. Three pellet-only diets were produced based on three grinding sizes. Additionally, four diets were produced by separating coarse cereal particles from moderately coarse particles by sieving either once or twice, pelleting the remainder and finally mixing these into a complete heterogeneous diet.2. No difference in performance between birds fed the three pelleted-only diets was observed. However, heterogeneous diets resulted in a lower feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) than pelleted-only diets (p < 0.05). The dietary treatments neither affected the feed conversion ratio nor ileal digestibility of starch and protein (p > 0.05). As expected, feeding a heterogeneous diets increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the gizzard and its contents. Approximately 50% of the particles in the small intestine were between 0.15 mm and 0.36 mm in diameter, with more fine particles observed when the pelleted-only diets containing coarsely ground cereals were fed, confirming the capacity of the gizzard to finely grind feed.3. Sieving of the diet remaining in the feeder during 4 h of feeding two of the heterogeneous diets showed that the particles > 2.8 mm disappeared first (p < 0.05), showing the birds' preference for larger particles when offered heterogeneous diets. Although the birds were able to handle the coarse microstructure of the diets without any negative effects, the reduced performance in the case of heterogeneous diets might have been related to feed intake issues and particle selection, resulting in an imbalance in nutrient intake.
{"title":"Effect of grinding method and extent of pelleting of broiler diets on performance, feeding behaviour and digestive tract functionality.","authors":"S Dhakal, H Hetland, B Svihus","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2405208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2405208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. An experiment was carried out to examine if a heterogeneous diet consisting of pellets and coarse cereal particles would result in a similar feed intake to pelleted-only diets. It also considered whether coarser particles entering the gizzard would encourage the development of the gizzard and thus improve digestive tract functionality. Maize and wheat were hammer milled through a 3 mm screen after coarse grinding using either one of the two screens with a novel pattern. Three pellet-only diets were produced based on three grinding sizes. Additionally, four diets were produced by separating coarse cereal particles from moderately coarse particles by sieving either once or twice, pelleting the remainder and finally mixing these into a complete heterogeneous diet.2. No difference in performance between birds fed the three pelleted-only diets was observed. However, heterogeneous diets resulted in a lower feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) than pelleted-only diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The dietary treatments neither affected the feed conversion ratio nor ileal digestibility of starch and protein (<i>p</i> > 0.05). As expected, feeding a heterogeneous diets increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the relative weight of the gizzard and its contents. Approximately 50% of the particles in the small intestine were between 0.15 mm and 0.36 mm in diameter, with more fine particles observed when the pelleted-only diets containing coarsely ground cereals were fed, confirming the capacity of the gizzard to finely grind feed.3. Sieving of the diet remaining in the feeder during 4 h of feeding two of the heterogeneous diets showed that the particles > 2.8 mm disappeared first (<i>p</i> < 0.05), showing the birds' preference for larger particles when offered heterogeneous diets. Although the birds were able to handle the coarse microstructure of the diets without any negative effects, the reduced performance in the case of heterogeneous diets might have been related to feed intake issues and particle selection, resulting in an imbalance in nutrient intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360004
X Shen, J Liao, S Yu, P Feng, G Wang
1. The development of chicken skeletal muscle is directly relevant to poultry husbandry production. Numerous studies have suggested that circular RNA play pivotal roles in muscle development. However, the functions and mechanisms of most circRNA in chicken myogenesis remain largely unknown.2. This study identified a novel circSESN1 based on existing sequencing data and examined its authenticity and subcellular localisation by enzyme digestion and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the expression levels of circSESN1 and the developmental stage of chicken muscle.3. Mechanistically, knockdown or overexpression of circSESN1 was performed in primary myoblasts to validate its function. The interactions between circSESN1, miR-16-5p, and the target gene sestrin 1 (SESN1) were investigated using bioinformatics analysis and a dual fluorescein reporter system. Real-time qPCR, a cell proliferation assay, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to investigate the promotion effect of circSESN1 on myoblast proliferation and differentiation by miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway.4. The results demonstrated that the newly identified chicken circSESN1 directly sponges gga-miR-16-5p to regulate SESN1 gene expression, promoting myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
{"title":"Novel circular RNA <i>Sestrin</i>1 promotes chicken myoblast proliferation and differentiation via circSesn1/miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway.","authors":"X Shen, J Liao, S Yu, P Feng, G Wang","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2360004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2360004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The development of chicken skeletal muscle is directly relevant to poultry husbandry production. Numerous studies have suggested that circular RNA play pivotal roles in muscle development. However, the functions and mechanisms of most circRNA in chicken myogenesis remain largely unknown.2. This study identified a novel circSESN1 based on existing sequencing data and examined its authenticity and subcellular localisation by enzyme digestion and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the expression levels of circSESN1 and the developmental stage of chicken muscle.3. Mechanistically, knockdown or overexpression of circSESN1 was performed in primary myoblasts to validate its function. The interactions between circSESN1, miR-16-5p, and the target gene <i>sestrin</i> 1 (<i>SESN</i>1) were investigated using bioinformatics analysis and a dual fluorescein reporter system. Real-time qPCR, a cell proliferation assay, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to investigate the promotion effect of circSESN1 on myoblast proliferation and differentiation by miR-16-5p/<i>SESN</i>1 pathway.4. The results demonstrated that the newly identified chicken circSESN1 directly sponges gga-miR-16-5p to regulate <i>SESN</i>1 gene expression, promoting myoblast proliferation and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"513-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2357671
I Grasseau, I Couty, I Grimaud-Jottreau, A Vitorino Carvalho
1. This study investigated the potential use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant for quail sperm cells. Its role in maintaining sperm fertilising ability in vivo and in vitro quality parameters, such as motility, was assessed.2. The data showed that the presence of glycerol in semen samples was associated with infertility, which suggested that removal prior to insemination is mandatory. Removal through serial dilution centrifugation was associated with fewer than 5% of motile sperm cells and resulted in no fertility.3. In conclusion, glycerol alone is not suitable for quail semen cryopreservation, and other approaches need to be investigated to develop cryobanking programmes for this species.
{"title":"Glycerol is not suitable for the cryopreservation of quail semen.","authors":"I Grasseau, I Couty, I Grimaud-Jottreau, A Vitorino Carvalho","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2357671","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2357671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigated the potential use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant for quail sperm cells. Its role in maintaining sperm fertilising ability <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> quality parameters, such as motility, was assessed.2. The data showed that the presence of glycerol in semen samples was associated with infertility, which suggested that removal prior to insemination is mandatory. Removal through serial dilution centrifugation was associated with fewer than 5% of motile sperm cells and resulted in no fertility.3. In conclusion, glycerol alone is not suitable for quail semen cryopreservation, and other approaches need to be investigated to develop cryobanking programmes for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"625-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2359988
M I Aksu, H Arslan
1. Recent research has shown that encapsulated raspberry powder (RP) is a natural colourant for foodstuffs. However, no research has been conducted on its use in chicken nuggets. In addition, the effect of RP on products with and without phosphate addition is unknown. This study assessed the effects of RP (control, 0.5%, 1.0%) and phosphate (0.0%, 0.3%) on the pH and colour quality properties of nuggets.2. In the production of RP, red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.) juices were encapsulated using maltodextrin in a spray-dryer. Antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin, total phenolics, colour, moisture and pH analyses of the RP were performed.3. Nuggets were packaged in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 40%CO2 + 60%N2) and were stored at 2.0 ± 0.5°C for 120 d. The pH and external and internal surface colour (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) values were measured on d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 of storage.4. The addition of phosphate increased the pH in the samples, while these decreased with the addition of RP (p < 0.05). During storage, the highest pH were seen in the phosphate samples and the lowest in the nuggets with 1.0% RP addition (p < 0.05).5. With the addition of phosphate, the external surface a* value of nuggets increased (p < 0.05). Depending on the level of RP added to the nuggets, the external surface L* value decreased and a* and b* values increased (p < 0.05). After d 30 of storage, the a* value increased in the samples with RP addition and this increase was higher in the with phosphate nuggets (p < 0.05).6. The internal surface a* value increased with the addition of RP during nugget production (p < 0.05). The increase in a* value was greater in samples with added phosphate (p < 0.05). During storage, the highest a* values were seen in nuggets treated with phosphate + 0.1% RP (p < 0.05). The addition of RP to chicken nugget emulsion improved redness, colour stability and shelf life.
1.最近的研究表明,封装的覆盆子粉(RP)是食品的天然着色剂。不过,还没有关于其在鸡块中使用的研究。此外,RP 对添加和不添加磷酸盐的产品的影响也不得而知。本研究评估了 RP(对照组、0.5%、1.0%)和磷酸盐(0.0%、0.3%)对鸡块的 pH 值和色泽质量特性的影响。 在生产 RP 时,使用麦芽糊精在喷雾干燥机中封装红树莓(Rubus ideaus L.)果汁。贮藏第 0、15、30、45、60、75、90、105 和 120 天时测量 pH 值和内外表面颜色(L*、a*、b*、C* 和 h)值。添加磷酸盐会提高样品的 pH 值,而添加 RP 则会降低 pH 值(p p p p p p p p p
{"title":"Properties of encapsulated raspberry powder and its efficacy for improving the pH, colour quality and shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged chicken nuggets.","authors":"M I Aksu, H Arslan","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2359988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2359988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Recent research has shown that encapsulated raspberry powder (RP) is a natural colourant for foodstuffs. However, no research has been conducted on its use in chicken nuggets. In addition, the effect of RP on products with and without phosphate addition is unknown. This study assessed the effects of RP (control, 0.5%, 1.0%) and phosphate (0.0%, 0.3%) on the pH and colour quality properties of nuggets.2. In the production of RP, red raspberry (<i>Rubus ideaus</i> L.) juices were encapsulated using maltodextrin in a spray-dryer. Antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin, total phenolics, colour, moisture and pH analyses of the RP were performed.3. Nuggets were packaged in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 40%CO<sub>2</sub> + 60%N<sub>2</sub>) and were stored at 2.0 ± 0.5°C for 120 d. The pH and external and internal surface colour (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) values were measured on d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 of storage.4. The addition of phosphate increased the pH in the samples, while these decreased with the addition of RP (<i>p</i> < 0.05). During storage, the highest pH were seen in the phosphate samples and the lowest in the nuggets with 1.0% RP addition (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. With the addition of phosphate, the external surface a* value of nuggets increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Depending on the level of RP added to the nuggets, the external surface L* value decreased and a* and b* values increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After d 30 of storage, the a* value increased in the samples with RP addition and this increase was higher in the with phosphate nuggets (<i>p</i> < 0.05).6. The internal surface a* value increased with the addition of RP during nugget production (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The increase in a* value was greater in samples with added phosphate (<i>p</i> < 0.05). During storage, the highest a* values were seen in nuggets treated with phosphate + 0.1% RP (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The addition of RP to chicken nugget emulsion improved redness, colour stability and shelf life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"559-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2357659
F Hervo, M-P Létourneau-Montminy, B Méda, A Narcy
1. This study assessed the effect of limestone particle size and microbial phytase incorporation on the fate of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) along the gastrointestinal tract in 72 laying hens.2. Four experimental diets were formulated according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effect of two coarse limestone (CL) inclusion. This included a mix (MIX) of 75% CL (2 - 4 mm) and 25% fine particles (FL, <0.5 mm) or 100% FL, in two different basal diets formulated without (MIX0 and FL0) or with 300 FTU of microbial phytase/kg (MIX300 and FL300).3. Contents of the crop, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of dry matter (DM), the recovery rate of Ca and P in each segment of the gastrointestinal tract and the apparent fractional digestibility coefficient (AD) of Ca and P in each intestinal segment.4. In hens fed FL, microbial phytase decreased the MRT of DM along the intestine (p < 0.05). In the crop and the gizzard, Ca recovery increased with MIX incorporation to a greater extent in hens fed without microbial phytase (p < 0.05). The mixed particle size incorporation decreased absorption kinetics of Ca in hens fed microbial phytase. The AD of P and the absorption kinetics of P were significantly decreased in hens receiving FL300, probably due to complex formation between Ca and phytic acid.5. This study showed that coarse limestone particles incorporation improved mineral utilisation along the digestive tract.
{"title":"Effect of limestone particle size and microbial phytase on phosphorus and calcium digestion kinetics along the gastrointestinal tract in laying hens.","authors":"F Hervo, M-P Létourneau-Montminy, B Méda, A Narcy","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2357659","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2357659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study assessed the effect of limestone particle size and microbial phytase incorporation on the fate of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) along the gastrointestinal tract in 72 laying hens.2. Four experimental diets were formulated according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effect of two coarse limestone (CL) inclusion. This included a mix (MIX) of 75% CL (2 - 4 mm) and 25% fine particles (FL, <0.5 mm) or 100% FL, in two different basal diets formulated without (MIX0 and FL0) or with 300 FTU of microbial phytase/kg (MIX300 and FL300).3. Contents of the crop, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of dry matter (DM), the recovery rate of Ca and P in each segment of the gastrointestinal tract and the apparent fractional digestibility coefficient (AD) of Ca and P in each intestinal segment.4. In hens fed FL, microbial phytase decreased the MRT of DM along the intestine (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the crop and the gizzard, Ca recovery increased with MIX incorporation to a greater extent in hens fed without microbial phytase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The mixed particle size incorporation decreased absorption kinetics of Ca in hens fed microbial phytase. The AD of P and the absorption kinetics of P were significantly decreased in hens receiving FL300, probably due to complex formation between Ca and phytic acid.5. This study showed that coarse limestone particles incorporation improved mineral utilisation along the digestive tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"605-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2400692
S Zheng, Y Tang, W Huang, W Zhang, Y Zhang, M Yang, H Lu, Z Li, Y He, X Qiu, Y Liu, Z Gou, Z Qiu, Y Bin, Z Zhang, H Gao, W Wang, J Peng, Y Huang, Y Liang
1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different types of acidifiers on reproductive performance, body weight loss and plasma biochemical indices of breeding pigeons as well as on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and plasma biochemical indices of squabs.2. In a 45 d trial, 144 pairs of European white Mimas pigeons were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups. Three groups of pigeons were fed plain pigeon grit (NC), pigeon grit supplemented with 5% single acidifier (SAG) and pigeon grit supplemented with 5% combined acidifiers (CAG).3. Supplementing with SAG and CAG significantly increased the weight gain in male pigeons from 1-12 d of incubation. However, SAG and CAG had no significant effect on the feed intake of breeding pigeons during incubation, but significantly increased total feed intake of breeding pigeons during the lactation period. Breeder pigeons fed SAG and CAG had significantly higher egg-laying rate at 40 d. In addition, feeding SAG and CAG significantly increased growth rate and slaughter weight of squabs, but SAG reduced the diameter of pectoral muscle fibres. Biochemical indices showed that feeding SAG and CAG improved metabolism and increased the liver function of breeder pigeons and squabs.4. In conclusion, supplementing pigeon grit with acidifiers increased feed intake of breeding pigeons during lactation, protected liver function, enhanced reproductive performance and promoted the growth and development of squabs.
1.这项研究评估了不同类型的酸化剂对种鸽繁殖性能、体重减轻和血浆生化指标的影响,以及对乳鸽生长性能、胴体特征、肉质和血浆生化指标的影响。 2. 在一项为期 45 天的试验中,选取了 144 对欧洲白米马斯鸽子,并将其随机分为三个试验组。3. 添加 SAG 和 CAG 能显著提高雄鸽孵化 1-12 d 的增重。然而,SAG 和 CAG 对孵化期种鸽的采食量没有明显影响,但对哺乳期种鸽的总采食量有明显提高。此外,饲喂 SAG 和 CAG 能显著提高乳鸽的生长速度和屠宰体重,但 SAG 会降低胸肌纤维的直径。生化指标显示,饲喂 SAG 和 CAG 改善了种鸽和乳鸽的新陈代谢,提高了肝功能。 总之,在鸽砂中添加酸化剂可提高种鸽哺乳期的采食量,保护肝功能,提高繁殖性能,促进乳鸽的生长发育。
{"title":"Supplementing pigeon grit with acidifier improves metabolism and the reproductive performance of breeding pigeons as well as the development of growth performance of squabs.","authors":"S Zheng, Y Tang, W Huang, W Zhang, Y Zhang, M Yang, H Lu, Z Li, Y He, X Qiu, Y Liu, Z Gou, Z Qiu, Y Bin, Z Zhang, H Gao, W Wang, J Peng, Y Huang, Y Liang","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2400692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2400692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different types of acidifiers on reproductive performance, body weight loss and plasma biochemical indices of breeding pigeons as well as on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and plasma biochemical indices of squabs.2. In a 45 d trial, 144 pairs of European white Mimas pigeons were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups. Three groups of pigeons were fed plain pigeon grit (NC), pigeon grit supplemented with 5% single acidifier (SAG) and pigeon grit supplemented with 5% combined acidifiers (CAG).3. Supplementing with SAG and CAG significantly increased the weight gain in male pigeons from 1-12 d of incubation. However, SAG and CAG had no significant effect on the feed intake of breeding pigeons during incubation, but significantly increased total feed intake of breeding pigeons during the lactation period. Breeder pigeons fed SAG and CAG had significantly higher egg-laying rate at 40 d. In addition, feeding SAG and CAG significantly increased growth rate and slaughter weight of squabs, but SAG reduced the diameter of pectoral muscle fibres. Biochemical indices showed that feeding SAG and CAG improved metabolism and increased the liver function of breeder pigeons and squabs.4. In conclusion, supplementing pigeon grit with acidifiers increased feed intake of breeding pigeons during lactation, protected liver function, enhanced reproductive performance and promoted the growth and development of squabs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2383920
V Khaksar, F Hervo, N Même, A R Monteiro, A Narcy
1. The objective of this study was to test the effect of microbial phytase and calcium (Ca) levels on the Zn bioavailability depending on the Zn source.2. A total of 144, one-day-old broilers received a diet containing 40 mg Zn/kg for 1 week. They were then assigned to one of the eight experimental treatments during 2 weeks. Diets contained 27 mg native Zn and were formulated according to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two added Zn sources (23 mg Zn/kg), sulphate (ZnSO4) or oxide (ZnO); two dietary Ca levels of either 6 (low) or 10 g/kg (moderate); and two microbial phytase levels, of either 0 or 750 phytase unit/kg.3. Moderate Ca plus phytase improved body weight gain (BWG) and low Ca level without microbial phytase decreased tibia weight (Ca × Phy; p = 0.049). Zinc oxide resulted in a higher tibia development (i.e. tibia weight and length; p < 0.05) and BWG (p = 0.009) and lower FCR (p < 0.001) compared to ZnSO4.4. Phytase improved tibia Zn concentration especially in birds given ZnSO4 compared to ZnO (Zn × Phy; p = 0.049). Moderate Ca diets improved tibial characteristics and Zn deposition compared to low Ca diets (p < 0.05).5. Soluble Zn in the gizzard increased in the presence of phytase (p = 0.011), while higher dietary Ca reduced this in birds receiving ZnO (p = 0.004). In the jejunum, Zn solubility was higher with phytase (p = 0.008).6. Under the conditions of this study, dietary levels of Ca and microbial phytase affect Zn availability in broilers more than the Zn source.
{"title":"Effects of dietary calcium and microbial phytase on the bioavailability of two sources of zinc in broilers.","authors":"V Khaksar, F Hervo, N Même, A R Monteiro, A Narcy","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2383920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2024.2383920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The objective of this study was to test the effect of microbial phytase and calcium (Ca) levels on the Zn bioavailability depending on the Zn source.2. A total of 144, one-day-old broilers received a diet containing 40 mg Zn/kg for 1 week. They were then assigned to one of the eight experimental treatments during 2 weeks. Diets contained 27 mg native Zn and were formulated according to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two added Zn sources (23 mg Zn/kg), sulphate (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) or oxide (ZnO); two dietary Ca levels of either 6 (low) or 10 g/kg (moderate); and two microbial phytase levels, of either 0 or 750 phytase unit/kg.3. Moderate Ca plus phytase improved body weight gain (BWG) and low Ca level without microbial phytase decreased tibia weight (Ca × Phy; <i>p</i> = 0.049). Zinc oxide resulted in a higher tibia development (<i>i.e</i>. tibia weight and length; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and BWG (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and lower FCR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to ZnSO<sub>4</sub>.4. Phytase improved tibia Zn concentration especially in birds given ZnSO<sub>4</sub> compared to ZnO (Zn × Phy; <i>p</i> = 0.049). Moderate Ca diets improved tibial characteristics and Zn deposition compared to low Ca diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. Soluble Zn in the gizzard increased in the presence of phytase (<i>p</i> = 0.011), while higher dietary Ca reduced this in birds receiving ZnO (<i>p</i> = 0.004). In the jejunum, Zn solubility was higher with phytase (<i>p</i> = 0.008).6. Under the conditions of this study, dietary levels of Ca and microbial phytase affect Zn availability in broilers more than the Zn source.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}