Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_8_17
O. Soyele, O. Adesina, A. Ladeji, Kanmi Kuye, F. Owotade
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa with a chronic course and delayed healing. It is a reactive lesion that commonly affects the tongue. TUGSE is a relatively uncommon mucosal lesion that presents as an ulcer or an indurated submucosal mass and may cause diagnostic dilemma for the dental surgeon as it mimics a traumatic or neoplastic ulcer the pathogenesis of this lesion is obscure; however, chronic irritation from traumatic agents is considered to be a major initiating factor. The lesion is also known to undergo resolution following incisional biopsy. Histopathologically, it is characterized by eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate penetrating into the underlying muscle. It is important to recognize this mucosal lesion as it mimics malignant ulcers and other ulcerative conditions of the oral cavity; however, the condition tends to resolve on its own. The lesion is also known to undergo resolution following incisional biopsy. Immunohistochemical positivity to CD30 found in nonneoplastic cutaneous conditions rich in neutrophils and eosinophils suggest CD30 cells as components of a reactive process. This is a review and report of a 37-year-old Nigerian woman who with an ulceroproliferative growth in the left side of the mouth. The aim of this article is to describe the presentation of TUGSE so as to enhance prompt diagnosis and rule lesions such as traumatic ulcer or squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that may present in a similar way.
{"title":"Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia: Review of the literature and case report","authors":"O. Soyele, O. Adesina, A. Ladeji, Kanmi Kuye, F. Owotade","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_8_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_8_17","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa with a chronic course and delayed healing. It is a reactive lesion that commonly affects the tongue. TUGSE is a relatively uncommon mucosal lesion that presents as an ulcer or an indurated submucosal mass and may cause diagnostic dilemma for the dental surgeon as it mimics a traumatic or neoplastic ulcer the pathogenesis of this lesion is obscure; however, chronic irritation from traumatic agents is considered to be a major initiating factor. The lesion is also known to undergo resolution following incisional biopsy. Histopathologically, it is characterized by eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate penetrating into the underlying muscle. It is important to recognize this mucosal lesion as it mimics malignant ulcers and other ulcerative conditions of the oral cavity; however, the condition tends to resolve on its own. The lesion is also known to undergo resolution following incisional biopsy. Immunohistochemical positivity to CD30 found in nonneoplastic cutaneous conditions rich in neutrophils and eosinophils suggest CD30 cells as components of a reactive process. This is a review and report of a 37-year-old Nigerian woman who with an ulceroproliferative growth in the left side of the mouth. The aim of this article is to describe the presentation of TUGSE so as to enhance prompt diagnosis and rule lesions such as traumatic ulcer or squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that may present in a similar way.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"115 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85379755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_35_17
I. Osegbe, A. Dada, O. Soriyan
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Combination of risk factors for CVD can be seen in the metabolic syndrome (MS), which can be computed to get an assessment of an individual's risk for future cardiovascular events. Aims: We aimed to determine the Framingham risk assessment of MS patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed patients with MS using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Anthropometry and clinical data were obtained, and fasting blood glucose and lipid concentrations were also determined. Framingham risk assessment was calculated and categorized as <10%: low risk, 10–20%: intermediate risk, and >20%: high risk for future CVD. Results: There were 120 patients (females 82, males 38) with mean ages of 52 ± 13.5 years and 54 ± 14.2 years, respectively (P = 0.46). Framingham risk assessment showed 56 (47%) patients comprising of 42 females and 14 males had low risk; 31 (26%) patients comprising of 24 females and 7 males had intermediate risk while 32 (27%) patients comprising of 16 females and 16 males had high risk for CVD. The risk assessment significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the males had high 10-year risk for CVD while most of the females had low risk. Men may need to intensify strategies to reduce modifiable risk factors for CVD.
{"title":"Framingham risk assessment of metabolic syndrome patients at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria","authors":"I. Osegbe, A. Dada, O. Soriyan","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_35_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_35_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Combination of risk factors for CVD can be seen in the metabolic syndrome (MS), which can be computed to get an assessment of an individual's risk for future cardiovascular events. Aims: We aimed to determine the Framingham risk assessment of MS patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed patients with MS using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Anthropometry and clinical data were obtained, and fasting blood glucose and lipid concentrations were also determined. Framingham risk assessment was calculated and categorized as <10%: low risk, 10–20%: intermediate risk, and >20%: high risk for future CVD. Results: There were 120 patients (females 82, males 38) with mean ages of 52 ± 13.5 years and 54 ± 14.2 years, respectively (P = 0.46). Framingham risk assessment showed 56 (47%) patients comprising of 42 females and 14 males had low risk; 31 (26%) patients comprising of 24 females and 7 males had intermediate risk while 32 (27%) patients comprising of 16 females and 16 males had high risk for CVD. The risk assessment significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the males had high 10-year risk for CVD while most of the females had low risk. Men may need to intensify strategies to reduce modifiable risk factors for CVD.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"89 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80902243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_45_16
C. Alo, N. C. Alo, N. Oguejiofor, I. Akamike
Background: An adverse drug event (ADE) is defined as any injury, including physical harm, mental harm, or loss of function due to medication. Little is known about ADEs in ambulatory care settings. Self-medication by definition is the practice of taking medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized symptoms or illness. Aim: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of ADEs that occurred as a result of self-medication among ambulatory care patients in our center. Methodology: A cross-sectional study where a paper-based, pretested, semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to gather information from 398 adult patients attending the general outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7 and all statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The study had 398 respondents of which 161 (40.45%) and 237 (59.55%) were males and females, respectively. Mean age and the standard deviation was 37.17 ± 14.91. The frequency of self-medication was 375 (89.7%) and the frequency of those who have had at least one episode of ADE following self-medication was 88 (22.11%). Females, (207) significantly practiced self-medication than males (150), Z = 4.19, confidence interval (8.45, 23.49), P = 0.00002. ADE following self-medication occurred more in females (50) than in males, (38) and was not associated with self-medication. The majority of the symptoms reported were itching (47.73%), blurring of vision (14.77%), and abdominal pain. Conclusion: ADEs happen following self-medication among ambulatory patients, especially in women and among the married.
背景:药物不良事件(ADE)被定义为任何伤害，包括身体伤害、精神伤害或药物导致的功能丧失。关于急诊环境中的ade知之甚少。自我药疗顾名思义是个人服用药物来治疗自我认识的症状或疾病的做法。目的:本研究的目的是了解我中心门诊病人因自我药疗而发生的不良事件的发生率。方法:横断面研究，采用纸质、预测试、半结构化的访谈者管理问卷，收集某三级医院普通门诊就诊的398名成年患者的信息。数据分析采用Epi Info 7，均以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:调查对象398人，其中男性161人(40.45%)，女性237人(59.55%)。平均年龄，标准差为37.17±14.91。自我药物治疗的频率为375次(89.7%)，自我药物治疗后至少发生一次ADE的频率为88次(22.11%)。有自我药疗行为的女性207人显著高于男性150人，Z = 4.19，可信区间(8.45,23.49)，P = 0.00002。自我药疗后发生ADE的女性(50例)多于男性(38例)，且与自我药疗无关。报告的主要症状是瘙痒(47.73%)、视力模糊(14.77%)和腹痛。结论:非住院患者自我药疗后发生不良反应，以女性和已婚患者居多。
{"title":"Adverse drug event following self-medication among ambulatory care patients in a tertiary Hospital in Ebonyi State","authors":"C. Alo, N. C. Alo, N. Oguejiofor, I. Akamike","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_45_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_45_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An adverse drug event (ADE) is defined as any injury, including physical harm, mental harm, or loss of function due to medication. Little is known about ADEs in ambulatory care settings. Self-medication by definition is the practice of taking medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized symptoms or illness. Aim: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of ADEs that occurred as a result of self-medication among ambulatory care patients in our center. Methodology: A cross-sectional study where a paper-based, pretested, semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to gather information from 398 adult patients attending the general outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7 and all statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The study had 398 respondents of which 161 (40.45%) and 237 (59.55%) were males and females, respectively. Mean age and the standard deviation was 37.17 ± 14.91. The frequency of self-medication was 375 (89.7%) and the frequency of those who have had at least one episode of ADE following self-medication was 88 (22.11%). Females, (207) significantly practiced self-medication than males (150), Z = 4.19, confidence interval (8.45, 23.49), P = 0.00002. ADE following self-medication occurred more in females (50) than in males, (38) and was not associated with self-medication. The majority of the symptoms reported were itching (47.73%), blurring of vision (14.77%), and abdominal pain. Conclusion: ADEs happen following self-medication among ambulatory patients, especially in women and among the married.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"99 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73099573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_39_17
O. Braimoh, M. Soroye
Background: The value of good oral hygiene practices has increased over the years, and the removal of bacteria plaque and other deposits from the teeth is essential for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Aims: The objectives of this study were to assess the oral hygiene status of the elderly population in Port Harcourt, Rivers State and investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on oral hygiene. Subjects and Methods: The research was cross-sectional study. A total of 543 old people were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected with a self-developed oral health assessment questionnaire designed in two sections (A and B) and analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York, USA). The relationship between variables was established using independent t-test and analysis of variance, and significance determined at 0.05 alpha level. Results: The overall mean oral hygiene score for the sample was 2.55 (standard deviation = 0.85). Most of the respondents had poor 245 (45.1%) and fair 254 (46.8%) oral hygiene. Females had significant better oral hygiene than males, while there was a significant increase in the oral hygiene score with increasing age. Educational status and retirement grade level were inversely and significantly associated with the oral hygiene score of the pensioners. Conclusion: The oral hygiene score recorded among the pensioners in this study was inadequate; therefore, the study participants need to be educated on the role of plaque in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases, and the need to keep good oral hygiene.
背景:多年来，良好的口腔卫生习惯越来越重要，清除牙齿上的细菌菌斑和其他沉积物对于预防龋齿和牙周病至关重要。目的:本研究的目的是评估河流州哈科特港老年人口的口腔卫生状况，并探讨社会人口统计学变量对口腔卫生的影响。研究对象与方法:采用横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样的方法，共抽取543名老年人。采用自行设计的口腔健康评估问卷(a和B两部分)收集数据，并使用SPSS 20 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York, USA)进行分析。变量之间的关系采用独立t检验和方差分析，在0.05 α水平下确定显著性。结果:样本口腔卫生总分平均为2.55分(标准差为0.85)。调查对象口腔卫生245分差(45.1%)和254分好(46.8%)居多。女性的口腔卫生状况明显好于男性，且随着年龄的增长，女性的口腔卫生状况得分明显增加。受教育程度和退休年级水平与退休人员口腔卫生得分呈显著负相关。结论:本研究中老年人口腔卫生评分存在不足;因此，研究参与者需要了解牙菌斑在龋齿和牙周病发展中的作用，以及保持良好口腔卫生的必要性。
{"title":"Oral hygiene status of elderly population in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Braimoh, M. Soroye","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_39_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_39_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The value of good oral hygiene practices has increased over the years, and the removal of bacteria plaque and other deposits from the teeth is essential for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Aims: The objectives of this study were to assess the oral hygiene status of the elderly population in Port Harcourt, Rivers State and investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on oral hygiene. Subjects and Methods: The research was cross-sectional study. A total of 543 old people were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected with a self-developed oral health assessment questionnaire designed in two sections (A and B) and analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York, USA). The relationship between variables was established using independent t-test and analysis of variance, and significance determined at 0.05 alpha level. Results: The overall mean oral hygiene score for the sample was 2.55 (standard deviation = 0.85). Most of the respondents had poor 245 (45.1%) and fair 254 (46.8%) oral hygiene. Females had significant better oral hygiene than males, while there was a significant increase in the oral hygiene score with increasing age. Educational status and retirement grade level were inversely and significantly associated with the oral hygiene score of the pensioners. Conclusion: The oral hygiene score recorded among the pensioners in this study was inadequate; therefore, the study participants need to be educated on the role of plaque in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases, and the need to keep good oral hygiene.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83485241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_68_17
Samuel Egbaname Aigere, O. Egagifo, G. Igberase
We present a case of abdominal cervical cerclage with live birth. She was a 40-year-old woman with a history of recurrent second-trimester pregnancy losses and preterm deliveries. A cervicoisthmic cerclage was applied through the abdominal route at 16 weeks of gestation and the pregnancy progressed to 35 weeks and 4 days when she developed preterm contractions necessitating an emergency cesarean delivery of a set of healthy twins. Only few centers in Nigeria offer abdominal cerclage because of paucity in skills. This case is presented as a reminder that such cases still exist, and the skill must be maintained and taught resident doctors as it may become useful when such cases present.
{"title":"Live birth following abdominal cervical cerclage in a woman with recurrent pregnancy losses","authors":"Samuel Egbaname Aigere, O. Egagifo, G. Igberase","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_68_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_68_17","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of abdominal cervical cerclage with live birth. She was a 40-year-old woman with a history of recurrent second-trimester pregnancy losses and preterm deliveries. A cervicoisthmic cerclage was applied through the abdominal route at 16 weeks of gestation and the pregnancy progressed to 35 weeks and 4 days when she developed preterm contractions necessitating an emergency cesarean delivery of a set of healthy twins. Only few centers in Nigeria offer abdominal cerclage because of paucity in skills. This case is presented as a reminder that such cases still exist, and the skill must be maintained and taught resident doctors as it may become useful when such cases present.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"175 1","pages":"131 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75302134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_50_17
K. Okunade, A. Oluwole
Background: Low- birthweight (LBW) is the single most powerful predictor of mortality in the first few months of life, especially in most developing countries. The physiologic hypercholesterolemia of later pregnancy suggests an adaptive function for pregnancy maintenance or fetal growth. Decreased levels of maternal total cholesterol have been reported in association with intrauterine growth restriction. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the association between low maternal serum cholesterol during early pregnancy and LBW in term neonates. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which eligible participants were enrolled at the gestational age of 14–20 weeks over a period of 12 months. Blood samples were taken to measure the total serum cholesterol concentrations, and the sera were then analyzed enzymatically by the cholesterol oxidase: p-aminophenazone method. Association between low maternal serum cholesterol and LBW was tested by using Chi-square. All significances are reported at P < 0.05. Results: The present study showed an incidence of 13.4% for delivery of LBW babies in the low-risk study patients. LBW was 2.05 times more common with low total maternal cholesterol than with normal midrange maternal cholesterol levels (21.1% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.039). Conclusion: We can infer from the study that the low maternal serum cholesterol is associated with LBW in term neonates. We can, therefore, recommend that the concept of an optimal range for maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy may have merit and pregnant women should be encouraged to follow a healthy, balanced diet, and ensure regular antenatal visit to their health-care provider.
{"title":"Predictive significance of low maternal serum cholesterol concentrations in early pregnancy on low birth weight in term neonates","authors":"K. Okunade, A. Oluwole","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_50_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_50_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low- birthweight (LBW) is the single most powerful predictor of mortality in the first few months of life, especially in most developing countries. The physiologic hypercholesterolemia of later pregnancy suggests an adaptive function for pregnancy maintenance or fetal growth. Decreased levels of maternal total cholesterol have been reported in association with intrauterine growth restriction. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the association between low maternal serum cholesterol during early pregnancy and LBW in term neonates. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which eligible participants were enrolled at the gestational age of 14–20 weeks over a period of 12 months. Blood samples were taken to measure the total serum cholesterol concentrations, and the sera were then analyzed enzymatically by the cholesterol oxidase: p-aminophenazone method. Association between low maternal serum cholesterol and LBW was tested by using Chi-square. All significances are reported at P < 0.05. Results: The present study showed an incidence of 13.4% for delivery of LBW babies in the low-risk study patients. LBW was 2.05 times more common with low total maternal cholesterol than with normal midrange maternal cholesterol levels (21.1% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.039). Conclusion: We can infer from the study that the low maternal serum cholesterol is associated with LBW in term neonates. We can, therefore, recommend that the concept of an optimal range for maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy may have merit and pregnant women should be encouraged to follow a healthy, balanced diet, and ensure regular antenatal visit to their health-care provider.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"94 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77976392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/AJMHS.AJMHS_21_17
T. Pereira
Abrasion is the physical wearing of a tooth surface which can involve the presence of a foreign object repeatedly being in contact with the tooth. A 58-year-old male patient patient visited the dental clinic with discolored teeth. A detailed history revealed that the patient used mishiri mixed with powdered rock salt to brush his teeth daily which had severely abraded his teeth. Conditions such as abrasion may need active restorations. A general dental practitioner should be able to accurately identify the cause and treat the aesthetic and functional impairment as required.
{"title":"Salt abrasion: Is it possible?","authors":"T. Pereira","doi":"10.4103/AJMHS.AJMHS_21_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/AJMHS.AJMHS_21_17","url":null,"abstract":"Abrasion is the physical wearing of a tooth surface which can involve the presence of a foreign object repeatedly being in contact with the tooth. A 58-year-old male patient patient visited the dental clinic with discolored teeth. A detailed history revealed that the patient used mishiri mixed with powdered rock salt to brush his teeth daily which had severely abraded his teeth. Conditions such as abrasion may need active restorations. A general dental practitioner should be able to accurately identify the cause and treat the aesthetic and functional impairment as required.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"129 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75016736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_6_17
C. Nwokoro, E. Emmanuel, O. Fatungase, B. Salami, I. Ogundele, L. Amosu
Penetrating abdominal injuries in children usually result from accident or nonintentional means. They are not as common as in adults. Impalement abdominal injuries in children are very rare and have been scarcely reported in the literature. An impalement abdominal injury with a pencil in a child is an unusual event which requires reporting. This case report is on a 6-year-old boy who sustained an impalement abdominal injury with a pencil, he was rushed to the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu with the impaled object (pencil) in situ. He was admitted to the children emergency room of the hospital, stabilized and had exploratory laparotomy and removal of the impaled object under direct vision.
{"title":"Impalement abdominal injury in a 6-year-old child","authors":"C. Nwokoro, E. Emmanuel, O. Fatungase, B. Salami, I. Ogundele, L. Amosu","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_6_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_6_17","url":null,"abstract":"Penetrating abdominal injuries in children usually result from accident or nonintentional means. They are not as common as in adults. Impalement abdominal injuries in children are very rare and have been scarcely reported in the literature. An impalement abdominal injury with a pencil in a child is an unusual event which requires reporting. This case report is on a 6-year-old boy who sustained an impalement abdominal injury with a pencil, he was rushed to the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu with the impaled object (pencil) in situ. He was admitted to the children emergency room of the hospital, stabilized and had exploratory laparotomy and removal of the impaled object under direct vision.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"126 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76857989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_81_16
G. Michael, I. Aliyu, B. Grema
Background: Despite global control efforts, malaria still accounts for preventable morbidity and mortality in Africa. Reported knowledge of its preventive measures appears high, but disparity exists between knowledge and uptake of preventive practices in Nigeria. It becomes necessary to evaluate adherence to use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and other malaria preventive measures at peak periods of malaria transmission as the Millennium Development Goal era terminates. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the general and pediatric out-patient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, among 413 adult patients and caregivers of children selected by systematic sampling technique and using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Their knowledge of malaria and utilization of and adherence to preventive measure utilization were assessed. Results: The respondents’ mean age was 33.6 ± 8.9 years. Majority (90.6%) had adequate knowledge of malaria. Their mean malaria knowledge score was 78.7%. Among those who used ITNs, only 54.1% adhered to daily use. For other preventive measures, 65.3, 52.3, 46.5, and 25.2% adhered to environmental sanitation, insecticide spraying, wearing protective clothing, and mosquito repellent use, respectively. Hot weather was the main barrier to ITNs and wearing protective clothing adherence, whereas cost, lack of time, fear of side effects was the barrier to adherence to insecticide spraying, environmental sanitation, and mosquito repellent, respectively. Tertiary education was associated with adequate knowledge of malaria (χ2 = 8.36, P = 0.004). There was also association between adequate knowledge of malaria and monthly environmental sanitation participation (χ2 = 9.06, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Knowledge of malaria was high but adherence to practice was low. Nonadherence with preventive measures is an obstacle to achieving malaria control and could be overcome by effective mass education and addressing adherence barriers.
背景:尽管全球努力控制疟疾，但疟疾仍然是非洲可预防的发病和死亡原因。据报告，尼日利亚对预防措施的了解程度似乎很高，但在了解和采取预防措施之间存在差距。随着千年发展目标时代的结束，有必要评估在疟疾传播高峰期坚持使用驱虫蚊帐和其他疟疾预防措施的情况。材料和方法:在Aminu Kano教学医院的普通科和儿科门诊进行了一项横断面研究，通过系统抽样技术和有效的访谈者管理问卷，选择了413名成年患者和儿童的护理人员。评估了他们的疟疾知识、预防措施的使用和依从性。结果:患者平均年龄33.6±8.9岁。大多数(90.6%)对疟疾有足够的了解。他们的平均疟疾知识得分为78.7%。在使用ITNs的人中，只有54.1%的人坚持每天使用。其他预防措施分别为65.3、52.3、46.5和25.2%，分别坚持环境卫生、喷洒杀虫剂、穿防护服和使用驱蚊剂。炎热的天气是坚持使用ITNs和穿防护服的主要障碍，而费用、缺乏时间和对副作用的恐惧分别是坚持喷洒杀虫剂、环境卫生和驱蚊剂的障碍。高等教育程度与疟疾知识掌握程度相关(χ2 = 8.36, P = 0.004)。疟疾知识充足程度与每月环境卫生参与程度也存在相关性(χ2 = 9.06, P = 0.003)。结论:我国疟疾知识知晓率高，但实践依从性低。不遵守预防措施是实现疟疾控制的一个障碍，可以通过有效的大众教育和解决遵守措施的障碍来克服。
{"title":"Knowledge of malaria and adherence to its preventive measures among adults attending out-patient clinics of a Nigerian tertiary hospital: Has anything changed?","authors":"G. Michael, I. Aliyu, B. Grema","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_81_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_81_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite global control efforts, malaria still accounts for preventable morbidity and mortality in Africa. Reported knowledge of its preventive measures appears high, but disparity exists between knowledge and uptake of preventive practices in Nigeria. It becomes necessary to evaluate adherence to use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and other malaria preventive measures at peak periods of malaria transmission as the Millennium Development Goal era terminates. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the general and pediatric out-patient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, among 413 adult patients and caregivers of children selected by systematic sampling technique and using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Their knowledge of malaria and utilization of and adherence to preventive measure utilization were assessed. Results: The respondents’ mean age was 33.6 ± 8.9 years. Majority (90.6%) had adequate knowledge of malaria. Their mean malaria knowledge score was 78.7%. Among those who used ITNs, only 54.1% adhered to daily use. For other preventive measures, 65.3, 52.3, 46.5, and 25.2% adhered to environmental sanitation, insecticide spraying, wearing protective clothing, and mosquito repellent use, respectively. Hot weather was the main barrier to ITNs and wearing protective clothing adherence, whereas cost, lack of time, fear of side effects was the barrier to adherence to insecticide spraying, environmental sanitation, and mosquito repellent, respectively. Tertiary education was associated with adequate knowledge of malaria (χ2 = 8.36, P = 0.004). There was also association between adequate knowledge of malaria and monthly environmental sanitation participation (χ2 = 9.06, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Knowledge of malaria was high but adherence to practice was low. Nonadherence with preventive measures is an obstacle to achieving malaria control and could be overcome by effective mass education and addressing adherence barriers.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"43 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84862595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_2_17
R. Babalola, Emmanuel Laiyemo, Shopekhai Itakpe, C. Madubueze, O. Shodipo
Objective: Meniscal injuries are very common knee injuries that are presented to an orthopaedic surgeon. The goal of our study was to assess the early outcome of outside-in meniscal repair in the management of meniscal tears. Patients and Methods: This study was a prospective case series conducted at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos. Consecutive cases of patients with meniscal tears who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with semitendinosus autograft. Meniscal repair was performed arthroscopically by only two surgeons using the outside-in technique with size 2 polydioxanone suture. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Evaluation Tool (WOMET) score was computed during the pre-operative stage and at least 6-months post-operatively as outcome measure. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and WOMET scores in the pre- and post-operative periods were noted. Results: Five patients with injured menisci underwent meniscal repair. The median duration of follow-up was 14 months (range 8–30 months). Using Barret’s criteria, we determined that a clinically healed meniscus was obtained in only 2 (40%) patients. The WOMET score improved from a mean of 46 (±18) to 20 (±10.7) between the pre- and post-operative stages, and the mean VAS score decreased from 4.6 (±0.5) to 2.5 (±1.3). Discussion: The poor health-seeking behaviour in our environment would explain the delayed presentations of our patients. However, it has been established that chronic tears do heal. Outside-in technique remains at the moment our method of choice for meniscal repair because of the challenges we face for equipment and funding of health care in our environment. Trephination of the meniscus was performed to improve the chances of healing. Using Barret’s criteria, we had a healing rate of 40% (2). Conclusions: The outside-in technique remains an option for the treatment of chronic tears with good clinical improvement in the short term.
{"title":"Arthroscopic outside-in meniscal repair: A short-term clinical experience","authors":"R. Babalola, Emmanuel Laiyemo, Shopekhai Itakpe, C. Madubueze, O. Shodipo","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_2_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_2_17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Meniscal injuries are very common knee injuries that are presented to an orthopaedic surgeon. The goal of our study was to assess the early outcome of outside-in meniscal repair in the management of meniscal tears. Patients and Methods: This study was a prospective case series conducted at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos. Consecutive cases of patients with meniscal tears who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with semitendinosus autograft. Meniscal repair was performed arthroscopically by only two surgeons using the outside-in technique with size 2 polydioxanone suture. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Evaluation Tool (WOMET) score was computed during the pre-operative stage and at least 6-months post-operatively as outcome measure. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and WOMET scores in the pre- and post-operative periods were noted. Results: Five patients with injured menisci underwent meniscal repair. The median duration of follow-up was 14 months (range 8–30 months). Using Barret’s criteria, we determined that a clinically healed meniscus was obtained in only 2 (40%) patients. The WOMET score improved from a mean of 46 (±18) to 20 (±10.7) between the pre- and post-operative stages, and the mean VAS score decreased from 4.6 (±0.5) to 2.5 (±1.3). Discussion: The poor health-seeking behaviour in our environment would explain the delayed presentations of our patients. However, it has been established that chronic tears do heal. Outside-in technique remains at the moment our method of choice for meniscal repair because of the challenges we face for equipment and funding of health care in our environment. Trephination of the meniscus was performed to improve the chances of healing. Using Barret’s criteria, we had a healing rate of 40% (2). Conclusions: The outside-in technique remains an option for the treatment of chronic tears with good clinical improvement in the short term.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78843613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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