Frederica Gonçalves, A. Caraban, E. Karapanos, Pedro F. Campos
Creative writing requires the manipulation of language in demanding ways, as individuals attempt to uniquely express themselves. As a result, during creative writing people often experience the writer's block: a stress reaction that affects their ability to write. Addressing this problem, creativity support tools have been incorporating story prompts to instigate the creative process. However, such strategies distract the user from the writing task and impose cognitive load to get over the block. In this paper, we investigate subliminal priming as a novel technique to support creative writing. We developed a text-editor that provides conscious and unconscious textual hints during a writing task and explored its impact on user's self-experienced creativity. Results showed that participants in the subliminal condition experienced more loss of self-consciousness when compared to the control condition. Self-report data revealed higher loss of self-consciousness in the subliminal condition while the analysis of eye-tracking data and verbal-accounts revealed a stronger influence on people's thoughts during the supraliminal condition. We report our findings and conclude with insights for future research.
{"title":"What Shall I Write Next?: Subliminal and Supraliminal Priming as Triggers for Creative Writing","authors":"Frederica Gonçalves, A. Caraban, E. Karapanos, Pedro F. Campos","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121294","url":null,"abstract":"Creative writing requires the manipulation of language in demanding ways, as individuals attempt to uniquely express themselves. As a result, during creative writing people often experience the writer's block: a stress reaction that affects their ability to write. Addressing this problem, creativity support tools have been incorporating story prompts to instigate the creative process. However, such strategies distract the user from the writing task and impose cognitive load to get over the block. In this paper, we investigate subliminal priming as a novel technique to support creative writing. We developed a text-editor that provides conscious and unconscious textual hints during a writing task and explored its impact on user's self-experienced creativity. Results showed that participants in the subliminal condition experienced more loss of self-consciousness when compared to the control condition. Self-report data revealed higher loss of self-consciousness in the subliminal condition while the analysis of eye-tracking data and verbal-accounts revealed a stronger influence on people's thoughts during the supraliminal condition. We report our findings and conclude with insights for future research.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88907996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A clinical decision-support system for dementia investigation was used in clinical practice. User information was collected based on interactions with the application. The aim of this study is to identify features in logged data that can be used for detecting learning and reasoning patterns in the user. A case of a physician who is novice to both the application and the dementia domain was studied and compared to the case of an expert physician using the system. Differences between them were found, and a clear pattern that indicates that learning takes place, both how to use the system and about dementia, was observed in the novice user. Further studies need to be conducted, focusing on whether patterns become stable over time, and with complementary methods that can detect reasons for observed behaviors. Software for automatic detection will be developed based on the results of this study.
{"title":"Diagnostic Reasoning Guided by a Decision-Support System: a Case Study","authors":"Chunli Yan, H. Lindgren","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121307","url":null,"abstract":"A clinical decision-support system for dementia investigation was used in clinical practice. User information was collected based on interactions with the application. The aim of this study is to identify features in logged data that can be used for detecting learning and reasoning patterns in the user. A case of a physician who is novice to both the application and the dementia domain was studied and compared to the case of an expert physician using the system. Differences between them were found, and a clear pattern that indicates that learning takes place, both how to use the system and about dementia, was observed in the novice user. Further studies need to be conducted, focusing on whether patterns become stable over time, and with complementary methods that can detect reasons for observed behaviors. Software for automatic detection will be developed based on the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"42 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3121283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82575714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is focused on business-to-business services, characterized by many different touchpoints and complex networks of actors. Following a phenomenological and an outcome-based approach, seven customer representatives were interviewed about their service experiences regarding the same single supplier company. The results suggest that the diverse individual experiences are influenced by a variety of factors. The results also give evidence that in business-to-business services, an individual viewpoint of service experience is too narrow as many experiences seem to be mediated and co-created. This suggests changes are required in service experience research.
{"title":"A Study on Qualities of Service Experience and Implications for User Experience Research","authors":"M. Liinasuo, Anke Dittmar, E. Kaasinen","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970937","url":null,"abstract":"This study is focused on business-to-business services, characterized by many different touchpoints and complex networks of actors. Following a phenomenological and an outcome-based approach, seven customer representatives were interviewed about their service experiences regarding the same single supplier company. The results suggest that the diverse individual experiences are influenced by a variety of factors. The results also give evidence that in business-to-business services, an individual viewpoint of service experience is too narrow as many experiences seem to be mediated and co-created. This suggests changes are required in service experience research.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75386771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital learning support systems increasingly become common in educational and organizational settings. Taking into account personality and learning style for designing these systems is a further step towards user-centeredness, as both likely influence learning achievements, and thus, individual and organizational performance. This paper explores recent empirical inputs from learning science with respect to learner's disposition to inform design spaces for learning support systems. We structure these inputs and derive requirements for operational design.
{"title":"Personality Traits as Design Impetus for Learning Support","authors":"C. Stary, Dominik Wachholder","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970934","url":null,"abstract":"Digital learning support systems increasingly become common in educational and organizational settings. Taking into account personality and learning style for designing these systems is a further step towards user-centeredness, as both likely influence learning achievements, and thus, individual and organizational performance. This paper explores recent empirical inputs from learning science with respect to learner's disposition to inform design spaces for learning support systems. We structure these inputs and derive requirements for operational design.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74999531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Witchel, Carlos P. Santos, J. Ackah, J. Tee, N. Chockalingam, Carina E. I. Westling
In human computer interactions --- especially gaming --- the role of empathy has been mooted as a necessary prerequisite for higher levels of engagement and immersion. More recently other forms of engagement, including intellectual/cognitive engagement, have been proposed. In this study we present a carefully controlled dataset of human-computer interactions with a wide range of stimuli that ranged from highly engaging to boring to test these two theories. Analyzing 844 response sets to visual analogue scales (VAS) for empathy, interest, boredom, and engagement, we found that high empathy was sufficient for high engagement but is not necessary, whilst the converse was not true. We also found that empathy and boredom were incompatible with each other, but low levels of either were permissive rather than causal to the other. We conclude that there is no monotonic relationship between increasing empathy and engagement; either empathy is a sufficient (but not necessary) cause of engagement, or engagement is a necessary precursor to high empathy.
{"title":"The Complex Relationship Between Empathy, Engagement and Boredom","authors":"H. Witchel, Carlos P. Santos, J. Ackah, J. Tee, N. Chockalingam, Carina E. I. Westling","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970935","url":null,"abstract":"In human computer interactions --- especially gaming --- the role of empathy has been mooted as a necessary prerequisite for higher levels of engagement and immersion. More recently other forms of engagement, including intellectual/cognitive engagement, have been proposed. In this study we present a carefully controlled dataset of human-computer interactions with a wide range of stimuli that ranged from highly engaging to boring to test these two theories. Analyzing 844 response sets to visual analogue scales (VAS) for empathy, interest, boredom, and engagement, we found that high empathy was sufficient for high engagement but is not necessary, whilst the converse was not true. We also found that empathy and boredom were incompatible with each other, but low levels of either were permissive rather than causal to the other. We conclude that there is no monotonic relationship between increasing empathy and engagement; either empathy is a sufficient (but not necessary) cause of engagement, or engagement is a necessary precursor to high empathy.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79771361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using cognitive models of web-navigation to generate support has long been a topic of research. In this paper, we address two limitations in this area. First, these models have so far been used to generate support for navigation within a website and not for interaction with a search engine. Second, very few studies have looked at the usefulness of such model-generated support for older adults who are known to be less efficient than younger adults. An experiment with 24 younger and 24 older adults on six simple and six difficult information search tasks was conducted. Results showed that the semantic relevance of queries showed a decreasing trend across reformulations for older adults and remained constant for younger adults, indicating that as older adults reformulated, they produced queries that were further away from the target information, which could be the reason for their lower efficiency. Based on these outcomes, two types of model-generated support mechanisms for interaction with a search engine are proposed, one which visually highlights the most relevant search result given a query and the other which monitors the average semantic relevance of search results for a given query and warns the user if it falls below a threshold.
{"title":"Supporting Information Search by Older Adults","authors":"H. Oostendorp, Saraschandra Karanam","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970943","url":null,"abstract":"Using cognitive models of web-navigation to generate support has long been a topic of research. In this paper, we address two limitations in this area. First, these models have so far been used to generate support for navigation within a website and not for interaction with a search engine. Second, very few studies have looked at the usefulness of such model-generated support for older adults who are known to be less efficient than younger adults. An experiment with 24 younger and 24 older adults on six simple and six difficult information search tasks was conducted. Results showed that the semantic relevance of queries showed a decreasing trend across reformulations for older adults and remained constant for younger adults, indicating that as older adults reformulated, they produced queries that were further away from the target information, which could be the reason for their lower efficiency. Based on these outcomes, two types of model-generated support mechanisms for interaction with a search engine are proposed, one which visually highlights the most relevant search result given a query and the other which monitors the average semantic relevance of search results for a given query and warns the user if it falls below a threshold.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81351331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Situation Awareness (SA) is an important cognitive aspect of the decision making activities on a ship bridge. The navigation crew uses the bridge systems to gather information elements and gain SA. Designers need to understand the SA requirements of the crew and develop systems with User Interfaces (UI) that support these requirements. The existing methods for evaluating SA are more fitting for assessing the SA of individuals rather than the Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) that characterizes the ship bridge environment. This paper proposes a model-based approach for the analysis and evaluation of DSA that can be used in early system design stages. The methodology will use cognitive task analysis and fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques for knowledge representation, focusing on the SA requirements of the crew. The anticipated results include a cause-effect analysis tool and suggestions for UI design of intelligent systems.
{"title":"Evaluation of Distributed Situation Awareness on a Ship Bridge","authors":"Stella Parisi, A. Lüdtke","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970965","url":null,"abstract":"Situation Awareness (SA) is an important cognitive aspect of the decision making activities on a ship bridge. The navigation crew uses the bridge systems to gather information elements and gain SA. Designers need to understand the SA requirements of the crew and develop systems with User Interfaces (UI) that support these requirements. The existing methods for evaluating SA are more fitting for assessing the SA of individuals rather than the Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) that characterizes the ship bridge environment. This paper proposes a model-based approach for the analysis and evaluation of DSA that can be used in early system design stages. The methodology will use cognitive task analysis and fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques for knowledge representation, focusing on the SA requirements of the crew. The anticipated results include a cause-effect analysis tool and suggestions for UI design of intelligent systems.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79596034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are a number of factors which may influence the validity of experimental studies, including the incentives offered and the instructions provided to participants. These have been little-studied in the driving domain. The aim of this study was to investigate how manipulating these factors influenced participants' feelings of 'presence' (i.e. the extent to which they believed they were actually driving and not in a simulated environment). The findings showed that imposing a penalty system for poor driving performance and providing 'good driving' instructions did not affect presence ratings and this can be explained by the inherent need to perform well under test conditions and the small range of performance variability expected in the driving scenario. Participants in the penalty and instructions conditions gave higher ratings for negative effects (related to physically feeling unwell), suggesting that these conditions made them more aware of the physical symptoms of being in a simulator.
{"title":"The Influence of Incentives and Instructions on Behaviour in Driving Simulator Studies","authors":"C. Harvey, G. Burnett","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2970948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970948","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of factors which may influence the validity of experimental studies, including the incentives offered and the instructions provided to participants. These have been little-studied in the driving domain. The aim of this study was to investigate how manipulating these factors influenced participants' feelings of 'presence' (i.e. the extent to which they believed they were actually driving and not in a simulated environment). The findings showed that imposing a penalty system for poor driving performance and providing 'good driving' instructions did not affect presence ratings and this can be explained by the inherent need to perform well under test conditions and the small range of performance variability expected in the driving scenario. Participants in the penalty and instructions conditions gave higher ratings for negative effects (related to physically feeling unwell), suggesting that these conditions made them more aware of the physical symptoms of being in a simulator.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87332193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive Ergonomics has always been concerned with the cognitive and user aspects of using computer systems to operate and control production systems such as industrial installations, Air Traffic Control and office systems. The introduction of computer systems outside the traditional application areas poses challenges to Cognitive Ergonomics and we need to adapt our design approaches and practices to the newly emerging interaction techniques and the expanding application context of HCI systems. User centred and interaction design methods focus on the isolated use of the design product, even though that product will only be a part of a complete working environment or context of use. In this workshop, we invite researchers, educators and practitioners to reconsider the role of Cognitive Ergonomics within the design of HCI systems.
{"title":"The Role of Cognitive Ergonomics in Interaction Design, Addressing Advances in HCI","authors":"G. D. Haan, Anke Dittmar","doi":"10.1145/2970930.2979718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2979718","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Ergonomics has always been concerned with the cognitive and user aspects of using computer systems to operate and control production systems such as industrial installations, Air Traffic Control and office systems. The introduction of computer systems outside the traditional application areas poses challenges to Cognitive Ergonomics and we need to adapt our design approaches and practices to the newly emerging interaction techniques and the expanding application context of HCI systems. User centred and interaction design methods focus on the isolated use of the design product, even though that product will only be a part of a complete working environment or context of use. In this workshop, we invite researchers, educators and practitioners to reconsider the role of Cognitive Ergonomics within the design of HCI systems.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74700215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：