When one has to wait for a system to respond this is mediated by spinners, progress bars, skeleton-screens and other means. This project studies experiencing longer waits along the lines of ”no activity” (progress bar), ”passive waiting” (reading) and ”active waiting” (doing something). For the latter, a novel method is introduced: users swipe an image and content underneath unveils, as if it were a scratch card. A between-subjects experiment (n=410) was conducted using a mobile website in 3 conditions to gauge the effects on estimated waiting time and enjoyment. The “no activity” and “active waiting” conditions were estimated faster than the “passive waiting” condition. The “passive” and “active” waiting condition were more enjoyable than the “no activity” condition. When combining waiting time estimation (short is preferable) and enjoyment (higher is preferable) the “active waiting” condition yielded better results.
{"title":"Time for a change: Reducing perceived waiting time by making it more active","authors":"C. Nimwegen, Emiel van Rijn","doi":"10.1145/3552327.3552329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3552327.3552329","url":null,"abstract":"When one has to wait for a system to respond this is mediated by spinners, progress bars, skeleton-screens and other means. This project studies experiencing longer waits along the lines of ”no activity” (progress bar), ”passive waiting” (reading) and ”active waiting” (doing something). For the latter, a novel method is introduced: users swipe an image and content underneath unveils, as if it were a scratch card. A between-subjects experiment (n=410) was conducted using a mobile website in 3 conditions to gauge the effects on estimated waiting time and enjoyment. The “no activity” and “active waiting” conditions were estimated faster than the “passive waiting” condition. The “passive” and “active” waiting condition were more enjoyable than the “no activity” condition. When combining waiting time estimation (short is preferable) and enjoyment (higher is preferable) the “active waiting” condition yielded better results.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80436464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents preliminary results from a systematic literature review on user-centred design initiatives for development (UCD4D). The review is motivated by our own experiences from a design project. Fifty papers from venues in human-computer interaction and software engineering are identified and analyzed. The review gives an overview about commonly used methods and techniques in UCD4D projects and analyzes faced challenges as well as assumptions and attitudes of researchers and participants.
{"title":"A Systematic Literature Review on UCD4D Studies","authors":"A. Mothana","doi":"10.1145/3552327.3552350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3552327.3552350","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents preliminary results from a systematic literature review on user-centred design initiatives for development (UCD4D). The review is motivated by our own experiences from a design project. Fifty papers from venues in human-computer interaction and software engineering are identified and analyzed. The review gives an overview about commonly used methods and techniques in UCD4D projects and analyzes faced challenges as well as assumptions and attitudes of researchers and participants.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86422913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01Epub Date: 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1145/3452853.3452867
Lauren R Kennedy-Metz, Roger D Dias, Marco A Zenati
Surgical time-outs are designed to promote situation awareness, teamwork, and error prevention. The pre-incision time-out in particular aims to facilitate shared mental models prior to incision. Objective, unbiased measures to confirm its effectiveness are lacking. We hypothesized that providers' mental workload would reveal team psychophysiological mirroring during a formal, well-executed pre-incision time-out. Heart rate variability was collected during cardiac surgery cases from the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and perfusionist. Data were analyzed for six cases from patient arrival until sternal closure. Annotation of surgical phases was completed according to previously developed standardized process models of aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft procedures, producing thirteen total surgical phases. Statistical analysis revealed significant main effects. Tukey HSD post hoc tests revealed significant differences across provider roles within various phases, including Anesthesia Induction, Heparinization, Initiation of Bypass, Aortic Clamp and Cardioplegia, Anastomoses or Aortotomy, Separation from Bypass, and Sternal Closure. Despite these observed differences between providers over various surgical phases, the Pre-incision Time-out phase revealed almost negligible differences across roles. This preliminary work supports the utility of the pre-incision safety checklist to focus the attention of surgical team members and promote shared team mental models, measured via psychophysiological mirroring, using an objective mental workload measure. Future studies should investigate the relationship between psychophysiological mirroring among surgical team members and the effectiveness of the pre-incision time-out checklist.
{"title":"The Cognitive Relevance of a Formal Pre-incision Time-out in Surgery.","authors":"Lauren R Kennedy-Metz, Roger D Dias, Marco A Zenati","doi":"10.1145/3452853.3452867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452853.3452867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical time-outs are designed to promote situation awareness, teamwork, and error prevention. The pre-incision time-out in particular aims to facilitate shared mental models prior to incision. Objective, unbiased measures to confirm its effectiveness are lacking. We hypothesized that providers' mental workload would reveal team psychophysiological mirroring during a formal, well-executed pre-incision time-out. Heart rate variability was collected during cardiac surgery cases from the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and perfusionist. Data were analyzed for six cases from patient arrival until sternal closure. Annotation of surgical phases was completed according to previously developed standardized process models of aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft procedures, producing thirteen total surgical phases. Statistical analysis revealed significant main effects. Tukey HSD post hoc tests revealed significant differences across provider roles within various phases, including Anesthesia Induction, Heparinization, Initiation of Bypass, Aortic Clamp and Cardioplegia, Anastomoses or Aortotomy, Separation from Bypass, and Sternal Closure. Despite these observed differences between providers over various surgical phases, the Pre-incision Time-out phase revealed almost negligible differences across roles. This preliminary work supports the utility of the pre-incision safety checklist to focus the attention of surgical team members and promote shared team mental models, measured via psychophysiological mirroring, using an objective mental workload measure. Future studies should investigate the relationship between psychophysiological mirroring among surgical team members and the effectiveness of the pre-incision time-out checklist.</p>","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"2021 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/3452853.3452867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual representations of data are commonly used to communicate research results. However, such representations might introduce several possible challenges for the human visual perception system, for example in perceiving brightness levels. Sonification, adding sound to the visual representation, might be used to overcome these challenges. As sonification provides additional information, sonification could be useful in supporting interpretations of a visual perception. In the present study, usefulness in terms of accuracy of sonification was investigated with an interactive sonification test. In the experiment, participants were asked to identify the highest brightness level in a monochrome visual representation. The task was performed in four conditions, one with no sonification and three with different sonification settings. The results show that sonification is useful, as measured by higher task accuracy.
{"title":"Musical Elements in Sonification Support Visual Perception","authors":"N. Rönnberg","doi":"10.1145/3335082.3335097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3335082.3335097","url":null,"abstract":"Visual representations of data are commonly used to communicate research results. However, such representations might introduce several possible challenges for the human visual perception system, for example in perceiving brightness levels. Sonification, adding sound to the visual representation, might be used to overcome these challenges. As sonification provides additional information, sonification could be useful in supporting interpretations of a visual perception. In the present study, usefulness in terms of accuracy of sonification was investigated with an interactive sonification test. In the experiment, participants were asked to identify the highest brightness level in a monochrome visual representation. The task was performed in four conditions, one with no sonification and three with different sonification settings. The results show that sonification is useful, as measured by higher task accuracy.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"31 1","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75797585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2017.8096800
Lee Seong Taek
A sudden short circuit fault could potentially be a serious problem of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) when the entire or partial demagnetization has occurred inside the permanent magnet. This paper investigates the maximum current limit of an IPMSM considering a large transient current at a symmetrical 3 phase short circuit fault. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for the computation of 3 phase short circuit peak current while varying operating conditions including; input current vector and rotating speed. This computed 3 phase short circuit current is converted into dq-frame and then applied to check the irreversible demagnetization possibility of the IPMSM. During this process, the worst current angle is also investigated for considering partial demagnetization of permanent magnet.
{"title":"Demagnetization study of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine considering transient peak 3 phase short circuit current","authors":"Lee Seong Taek","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2017.8096800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2017.8096800","url":null,"abstract":"A sudden short circuit fault could potentially be a serious problem of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) when the entire or partial demagnetization has occurred inside the permanent magnet. This paper investigates the maximum current limit of an IPMSM considering a large transient current at a symmetrical 3 phase short circuit fault. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for the computation of 3 phase short circuit peak current while varying operating conditions including; input current vector and rotating speed. This computed 3 phase short circuit current is converted into dq-frame and then applied to check the irreversible demagnetization possibility of the IPMSM. During this process, the worst current angle is also investigated for considering partial demagnetization of permanent magnet.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"1 1","pages":"4694-4698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last five years the use of light and ultralight fonts has become the new norm in the user interface design of most digital products. Our previous research, based on performance measures, showed that lightweight fonts have negative effects on text legibility and cognitive load when performing word search tasks. However, objective data and subjective perceptions of legibility and aesthetic appeal of fonts do not always correspond. In this paper we present the results of a subjective evaluation study of four variations of the Helvetica Neue typeface (ultralight, light, normal and bold) presented with high vs. low contrast and positive vs. negative polarity. 63 subjects volunteered in a pairwise comparison survey aimed at evaluating the preferences of respondents with regard to perceived legibility and aesthetic pleasingness of sixteen combinations of font weight, contrast and polarity. The results suggest that users of different ages evaluate the legibility of ultralight font as being very low, but younger users may perceive ultralight fonts as more aesthetically appealing than do older users. Based on our study, we provide recommendations on the use of lightweight fonts in user interface design.
{"title":"Perceived Legibility and Aesthetic Pleasingness of Light and Ultralight Fonts","authors":"T. Zlokazova, Ivan Burmistrov","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121296","url":null,"abstract":"In the last five years the use of light and ultralight fonts has become the new norm in the user interface design of most digital products. Our previous research, based on performance measures, showed that lightweight fonts have negative effects on text legibility and cognitive load when performing word search tasks. However, objective data and subjective perceptions of legibility and aesthetic appeal of fonts do not always correspond. In this paper we present the results of a subjective evaluation study of four variations of the Helvetica Neue typeface (ultralight, light, normal and bold) presented with high vs. low contrast and positive vs. negative polarity. 63 subjects volunteered in a pairwise comparison survey aimed at evaluating the preferences of respondents with regard to perceived legibility and aesthetic pleasingness of sixteen combinations of font weight, contrast and polarity. The results suggest that users of different ages evaluate the legibility of ultralight font as being very low, but younger users may perceive ultralight fonts as more aesthetically appealing than do older users. Based on our study, we provide recommendations on the use of lightweight fonts in user interface design.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80243872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design meetings with multidisciplinary stakeholders are instrumental for design projects. However, design teams face the challenges of synthetizing large amounts of information, often in a limited time, and with minimal common ground. We investigate these challenges through in-the-wild observations of six design meetings in three different projects, with professional design teams that follow a user-centered design methodology. We found that all the observed design meetings had a similar structure consisting of particular phases, in which design activities were organized around artefacts. These artefacts were used as input to disseminate and gather feedback of previous design outcomes, or as output to collect and process a variety of perspectives. From these findings, we synthetize practical guidelines to optimize artefact-based interactions during design meetings.
{"title":"Untangling Design Meetings: Artefacts as Input and Output of Design Activities","authors":"M. Lopez, K. Luyten, D. Vanacken, K. Coninx","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121311","url":null,"abstract":"Design meetings with multidisciplinary stakeholders are instrumental for design projects. However, design teams face the challenges of synthetizing large amounts of information, often in a limited time, and with minimal common ground. We investigate these challenges through in-the-wild observations of six design meetings in three different projects, with professional design teams that follow a user-centered design methodology. We found that all the observed design meetings had a similar structure consisting of particular phases, in which design activities were organized around artefacts. These artefacts were used as input to disseminate and gather feedback of previous design outcomes, or as output to collect and process a variety of perspectives. From these findings, we synthetize practical guidelines to optimize artefact-based interactions during design meetings.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80102977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"I hope that this survey is a joke because it made me laugh so much". This quote is just one example of many negative respondents' reactions gathered during a large-scale user experience (UX) study. Unfortunately, the survey was no joke, rather a well-constructed and validated standardized UX scale. This paper critically reflects on the use and relevance of standardized UX scales for the evaluation of UX in business contexts. We report on a real-world use case where the meCUE questionnaire has been used to assess employees' experience (N=263) with their organization's intranet. Strong users' reactions to the survey's items and statistical analyses both suggest that the scale is unsuitable for the evaluation of business-oriented systems. Drawing on the description of this inadequacy, we discuss the quality of academic UX tools, calling into question the relevance for practice of academic methods.
{"title":"How Could an Intranet be Like a Friend to Me?: Why Standardized UX Scales Don't Always Fit","authors":"Carine Lallemand, Vincent Koenig","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121288","url":null,"abstract":"\"I hope that this survey is a joke because it made me laugh so much\". This quote is just one example of many negative respondents' reactions gathered during a large-scale user experience (UX) study. Unfortunately, the survey was no joke, rather a well-constructed and validated standardized UX scale. This paper critically reflects on the use and relevance of standardized UX scales for the evaluation of UX in business contexts. We report on a real-world use case where the meCUE questionnaire has been used to assess employees' experience (N=263) with their organization's intranet. Strong users' reactions to the survey's items and statistical analyses both suggest that the scale is unsuitable for the evaluation of business-oriented systems. Drawing on the description of this inadequacy, we discuss the quality of academic UX tools, calling into question the relevance for practice of academic methods.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76970980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays people create enormous collections of media across different platforms and devices, capturing different fragments of their lives. For teenagers especially, virtual possessions are as important as physical ones for expressing their identity, both in the virtual and in the physical world. Connecting these two worlds presents interesting design opportunities for creating new interactive experiences, pertaining to personal media use and self-expression. This paper presents the design and evaluation of Memora, a concept designed in a participatory approach, aiming to enable teenage girls to interact with digital photos using interactive jewellery.
{"title":"Memora: a Design for Teenagers to Connect Virtual and Physical Possessions","authors":"L. Hermans, Mendel Broekhuijsen, P. Markopoulos","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121312","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays people create enormous collections of media across different platforms and devices, capturing different fragments of their lives. For teenagers especially, virtual possessions are as important as physical ones for expressing their identity, both in the virtual and in the physical world. Connecting these two worlds presents interesting design opportunities for creating new interactive experiences, pertaining to personal media use and self-expression. This paper presents the design and evaluation of Memora, a concept designed in a participatory approach, aiming to enable teenage girls to interact with digital photos using interactive jewellery.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74391414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of the scenarios in the user-centered design process of low complexity interactive systems is well documented in various academic and professional articles. The aim of this study is to reveal the undocumented properties that distinguish useful (rich) scenarios from uninteresting (poor) ones. Two student projects, involving scenario writing, were used to detect the aspects that define the quality of a user scenario. A total of 298 scenarios were individually and blindly graded by three experts in user-centered design and then analyzed following a grounded approach. A number of aspects that distinguish the "rich" from the "poor" scenarios were identified.
{"title":"Challenges faced when teaching how to write a user scenario","authors":"Konstantinos Gkikas, D. Nathanael, N. Marmaras","doi":"10.1145/3121283.3121309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3121283.3121309","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the scenarios in the user-centered design process of low complexity interactive systems is well documented in various academic and professional articles. The aim of this study is to reveal the undocumented properties that distinguish useful (rich) scenarios from uninteresting (poor) ones. Two student projects, involving scenario writing, were used to detect the aspects that define the quality of a user scenario. A total of 298 scenarios were individually and blindly graded by three experts in user-centered design and then analyzed following a grounded approach. A number of aspects that distinguish the \"rich\" from the \"poor\" scenarios were identified.","PeriodicalId":93284,"journal":{"name":"ECCE ... : proceedings of the ... European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73854610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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