Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0002
Pál Sándor, Réger Barbara, Miseta Attila, Faust Zsuzsanna
Abstract Transfusion is often part of hospital care, the indication being in constant change as an effect of latest multicentric studies’ result. Although transfusion-related complications decreased significantly, the intervention still involves risks, that are worth assuming if only the anemia of patient cannot be managed with other, safer methods. Management of patients declining transfusion or of those unsuitable for transfusion has brought instructive results in assessment of hemoglobin concentration conditioning the necessity of the intervention. Further development of these findings led to development of Patient Blood Management concept, aiming the optimization of blood product usage while improving morbidity and mortality of patient care. Patient Blood Management applies guides helping to avoid transfusions that are not definitely necessary for patients. Using restrictive transfusion principles, preoperative anemia management, tight hemostasis monitoring and treatment, is not only safer but also cost-effective. The objective of our paper is the brief report of some Patient Blood Management guidelines, and to promote and facilitate the application of the new approach.
{"title":"New trend in transfusion medicine – Patient blood management","authors":"Pál Sándor, Réger Barbara, Miseta Attila, Faust Zsuzsanna","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Transfusion is often part of hospital care, the indication being in constant change as an effect of latest multicentric studies’ result. Although transfusion-related complications decreased significantly, the intervention still involves risks, that are worth assuming if only the anemia of patient cannot be managed with other, safer methods. Management of patients declining transfusion or of those unsuitable for transfusion has brought instructive results in assessment of hemoglobin concentration conditioning the necessity of the intervention. Further development of these findings led to development of Patient Blood Management concept, aiming the optimization of blood product usage while improving morbidity and mortality of patient care. Patient Blood Management applies guides helping to avoid transfusions that are not definitely necessary for patients. Using restrictive transfusion principles, preoperative anemia management, tight hemostasis monitoring and treatment, is not only safer but also cost-effective. The objective of our paper is the brief report of some Patient Blood Management guidelines, and to promote and facilitate the application of the new approach.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"7 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83388653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0009
Juhász Kincső-Réka, K. Mónika, P. Mihai, Pop Silvia, Kerekes-Máthé Bernadette
Abstract Introduction: The morphological characteristics of root canals may show divergent results for different populations. The precise knowledge of the tooth anatomy has a great importance from the point-of-view of the endodontic treatment. The aim of the present study is to map the root canal morphology and anatomical variations of the maxillary first molars on a local population, as well as the study of the possible communications between the canals. Material and method: CBCT images were evaluated during the study using the Ez3D Plus – 3D Imaging Dental Software. Teeth sections were examined in three directions: axial, saggittal and coronal. In case of maxillary first molars with four root canals the presence of an isthmus was evaluated between the two mesiobuccal root canals, on transversal sections. Results: In 23.72% of the cases three root canals were found, while in 76.27% of the cases four root canals were found. No statistically significant differences were found between genders. Among the mesiobuccal root canals the communication was found mostly in the middle third and this was extended to the apical third. Conclusions: Since the communication between the two mesiobuccal root canals is present in most of the cases, the clinicians have to be aware of this in order to achieve a successful therapy. In the majority of the cases the four root canal morphological variation is more freqvent than the three canal variation, but with aging this freqvency is reduced.
摘要简介:不同种群的根管形态特征可能表现出不同的结果。从牙髓治疗的角度来看，准确的牙齿解剖知识是非常重要的。本研究的目的是绘制当地人群上颌第一磨牙的根管形态和解剖变化，以及研究根管之间可能的通信。材料和方法:在研究期间使用Ez3D Plus - 3D牙科成像软件对CBCT图像进行评估。在轴状、矢状和冠状三个方向检查牙齿切片。在上颌第一磨牙有四个根管的情况下，在两个中颊根管之间的横切面上评估峡部的存在。结果:发现3根管的占23.72%，发现4根管的占76.27%。性别间无统计学差异。在中颊根管中，交通主要分布在中间三分之一，并扩展到根尖三分之一。结论:由于在大多数病例中存在两个中颊根管之间的通信，临床医生必须意识到这一点，以实现成功的治疗。在大多数情况下，四根管的形态变化比三根管的变化更频繁，但随着年龄的增长，这种频率会降低。
{"title":"Diversity of root canal morphology of maxillary first molars","authors":"Juhász Kincső-Réka, K. Mónika, P. Mihai, Pop Silvia, Kerekes-Máthé Bernadette","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The morphological characteristics of root canals may show divergent results for different populations. The precise knowledge of the tooth anatomy has a great importance from the point-of-view of the endodontic treatment. The aim of the present study is to map the root canal morphology and anatomical variations of the maxillary first molars on a local population, as well as the study of the possible communications between the canals. Material and method: CBCT images were evaluated during the study using the Ez3D Plus – 3D Imaging Dental Software. Teeth sections were examined in three directions: axial, saggittal and coronal. In case of maxillary first molars with four root canals the presence of an isthmus was evaluated between the two mesiobuccal root canals, on transversal sections. Results: In 23.72% of the cases three root canals were found, while in 76.27% of the cases four root canals were found. No statistically significant differences were found between genders. Among the mesiobuccal root canals the communication was found mostly in the middle third and this was extended to the apical third. Conclusions: Since the communication between the two mesiobuccal root canals is present in most of the cases, the clinicians have to be aware of this in order to achieve a successful therapy. In the majority of the cases the four root canal morphological variation is more freqvent than the three canal variation, but with aging this freqvency is reduced.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89079900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study was to explore dietary supplements containing Echinacea on the Romanian market and their qualitative characterization. The products available on the market were aggregated in 2018, through an electronic search based on the register of the Romanian Medicine Agency (Agenția Națională a Medicamentului şi a Dispozitivelor Medicale din România – ANMDMR) and the list of dietary supplements registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Bioresurse Alimentare – IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale, aromatice și produse ale stupului). There are no Echinacea containing medicines registered in Romania. However, there are 58 dietary supplements in the register, 52% of which are mono-components, 29% contain other herbs, plant extract or vitamins, while 19% are registered as tea. The label of 80% of monocomponent products and 76% of multicomponent supplements contains insufficient information: the plant name, its used part and processing methods (grist, extract, quantity) are not clearly identified. Among the listed dietary supplements, the 12 most commonly used formulations in pharmaceutical practice were subjected to phytochemical chromatographic evaluation: TLC and/or HPLC analysis were used. Three of seven monocomponent products showed proper chromatographic fingerprint, by TLC analysis. One monocomponent sample did not have an adequate chromatographic fingerprint. The labelling of multicomponent products was not appropriate. The TLC test suggests that based on the resulting fingerprint they contain E. purpureae herba. However, due to the presence of other components, the TLC does not allow a clear conclusion regarding the exact composition of the products. The developed HPLC method enables quantification of the concentration of caffeic acid, chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic and caftaric acids mixture in dietary supplements. None of the tested products contained echinacoside, which is a specific component of E. angustifolia and E. pallida root. In our method, the quantification of caftaric acid is approximate, because it partially overlaps the chlorogenic acid, which is a common component of plant samples, but negligible in Echinacea sp. The tested dietary supplements have a caffeic acid content of 20-140 µg/g, a chicoric acid content of 0.19-2.64 mg/g; the mixture of chlorogenic and caftartic acid is about 0.23-2.07 mg/g.
摘要本研究旨在探讨罗马尼亚市场上含有紫锥菊的膳食补充剂及其定性特征。2018年，通过基于罗马尼亚医药管理局(Agenția Națională a Medicamentului a Dispozitivelor Medicale din romnia - ANMDMR)注册的电子搜索，以及农业和农村发展部注册的膳食补充剂清单(Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru bioresse Alimentare - IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale，芳香și甘露甘露)。在罗马尼亚没有注册含有紫锥菊的药物。然而，登记在案的58种膳食补充剂中，52%为单一成分，29%含有其他草药、植物提取物或维生素，19%登记为茶。80%的单组分产品和76%的多组分补充剂的标签信息不足:植物名称、使用部位和加工方法(粒度、提取物、数量)没有明确标识。在列出的膳食补充剂中，对制药实践中最常用的12种配方进行了植物化学色谱评价:使用薄层色谱和/或高效液相色谱分析。通过薄层色谱分析，7个单组分产品中有3个具有合适的色谱指纹图谱。一个单组分样品没有足够的色谱指纹图谱。多组分产品的标签不合适。薄层色谱检测结果表明，指纹图谱中含有紫荆草。然而，由于其他成分的存在，薄层色谱不能对产品的确切成分作出明确的结论。建立了高效液相色谱法定量测定膳食补充剂中咖啡酸、菊苣酸、紫锥菊苷、绿原酸和藜麦酸混合物的含量。所有检测产品均不含紫锥菊苷，紫锥菊苷是紫锥菊和苍白根的特定成分。在我们的方法中，由于其部分与绿原酸重叠，因此对其定量是近似的，绿原酸是植物样品中常见的成分，但在紫锥菊属中可以忽略不计。所测试的膳食补充剂中，咖啡酸含量为20-140µg/g，菊苣酸含量为0.19-2.64 mg/g;绿原与酒石酸的混合物约0.23-2.07 mg/g。
{"title":"Mapping of Echinacea-based food supplements on the Romania market and qualitative evaluation of the most commonly used products","authors":"Ferencz Elek, Demeter Eszter, Király Rebeka, Vancea Szende, Urkon Melinda, Laczkó-Zöld Eszter","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to explore dietary supplements containing Echinacea on the Romanian market and their qualitative characterization. The products available on the market were aggregated in 2018, through an electronic search based on the register of the Romanian Medicine Agency (Agenția Națională a Medicamentului şi a Dispozitivelor Medicale din România – ANMDMR) and the list of dietary supplements registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Bioresurse Alimentare – IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale, aromatice și produse ale stupului). There are no Echinacea containing medicines registered in Romania. However, there are 58 dietary supplements in the register, 52% of which are mono-components, 29% contain other herbs, plant extract or vitamins, while 19% are registered as tea. The label of 80% of monocomponent products and 76% of multicomponent supplements contains insufficient information: the plant name, its used part and processing methods (grist, extract, quantity) are not clearly identified. Among the listed dietary supplements, the 12 most commonly used formulations in pharmaceutical practice were subjected to phytochemical chromatographic evaluation: TLC and/or HPLC analysis were used. Three of seven monocomponent products showed proper chromatographic fingerprint, by TLC analysis. One monocomponent sample did not have an adequate chromatographic fingerprint. The labelling of multicomponent products was not appropriate. The TLC test suggests that based on the resulting fingerprint they contain E. purpureae herba. However, due to the presence of other components, the TLC does not allow a clear conclusion regarding the exact composition of the products. The developed HPLC method enables quantification of the concentration of caffeic acid, chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic and caftaric acids mixture in dietary supplements. None of the tested products contained echinacoside, which is a specific component of E. angustifolia and E. pallida root. In our method, the quantification of caftaric acid is approximate, because it partially overlaps the chlorogenic acid, which is a common component of plant samples, but negligible in Echinacea sp. The tested dietary supplements have a caffeic acid content of 20-140 µg/g, a chicoric acid content of 0.19-2.64 mg/g; the mixture of chlorogenic and caftartic acid is about 0.23-2.07 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"111 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74621071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The primary goal of our retrospective analysis was to check the correctness of the diagnosis, and to identify the potential diagnostic errors among patients coded with N10 diagnosis in 2009, 2014 and 2019 in the pediatric ward of Odorheiu Secuiesc Hospital; we also assessed protocol-adherence in treatment and prophylaxis, and changes in antibiotic resistance of the isolated E. coli strains. During this 10 year-period significant improvements have been achieved in the treatment of upper urinary tract infections: in 2009 the diagnosis could be disputed in 31 out of 61 cases, while in 2019 this ratio is only 2 out of 31 cases; the number of cases pretreated with antibiotics decreased to a third, contaminated urine samples are rare to occur, the unmotivated antibiotics prophylaxis is essentially nonexistent, and there are no major documentation deficiencies either. In our study we present the antibiotic susceptibility of 50 E. coli strains isolated from the study group, which suggests some favorable changes.
{"title":"Improving the Management of Pediatric Upper Urinary Tract Infections at Odorheiu Secuiesc Hospital","authors":"Koncsag-Szász Előd, Szőcs-Gazdi Uzonka, Magyari Izabella, Jancsó Réka, Szalai Mária, M. Ildikó, Máthé Edina, Bodoni-Imre Tímea","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The primary goal of our retrospective analysis was to check the correctness of the diagnosis, and to identify the potential diagnostic errors among patients coded with N10 diagnosis in 2009, 2014 and 2019 in the pediatric ward of Odorheiu Secuiesc Hospital; we also assessed protocol-adherence in treatment and prophylaxis, and changes in antibiotic resistance of the isolated E. coli strains. During this 10 year-period significant improvements have been achieved in the treatment of upper urinary tract infections: in 2009 the diagnosis could be disputed in 31 out of 61 cases, while in 2019 this ratio is only 2 out of 31 cases; the number of cases pretreated with antibiotics decreased to a third, contaminated urine samples are rare to occur, the unmotivated antibiotics prophylaxis is essentially nonexistent, and there are no major documentation deficiencies either. In our study we present the antibiotic susceptibility of 50 E. coli strains isolated from the study group, which suggests some favorable changes.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"71 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79835342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0009
Fogarasi Erzsébet, Fülöp Ibolya, Szilveszter Szilvia, V. Erzsébet, Croitoru Mircea Dumitru
Abstract From the year 1990s the pharmaceutical competenceshttps://www.thesaurus.com/browse/assignment based on drug supply has been completed with the patient consultation and communication. This fact has greatly expanded the work of the pharmacists. As a result of this, the concept of pharmaceutical care has been introduced and normalized in several countries. But, in spite of all efforts there are still major differences in health care policies and practices among European countries. The aim of this study was to check the estimation of the pharmacists’ duties by patients and the attitude towards online medicine acquisition. Materials and methods: we used a four - part questionnaire created in Google Forms. The content of the questionnaire consisted of: a.) checking of the demographic data, b.) assessment of patients’ attitudes towards pharmacies, c.) assessment of pharmacist competences, d.) examining the viability of an online drug supply. Results and discussion: 524 persons completed the questionnaire (88.7% women, 11.3% men). 66.8% were from the city and 33.2% from the village, respectively. Patients’ adherence to pharmacies in most cases depended on the location of the pharmacy (65.1%) and the kindness (36.5%) and competence (36.5%) of the pharmacist. Checked with three parallel questions, it turned out that the number of questions occurring in the patients’ mind at home always exceeded the proportion of the answered questions in the pharmacy. 68.1% of the respondents consulted a pharmacist in the absence of a physician. Many (54.4%) of that surveyed searched healthcare information on Google search, but few of them ordered medicinal products via Internet. Based on the results of our survey, 18.3% of the respondents searched healthcare information on healthcare professionals’ online platform. Their trust was much greater in such platforms than in information found on Google search. Conclusion: A slight loyalty to a certain pharmacy can make it difficult to follow the drug therapy. This adherence to a pharmacy can be increased by the kindness and skills of the pharmacist. Although patients search healthcare information on online interfaces this information do not convince them to order medicinal products via Internet. The high degree of trust in pharmacist or physician managed homepages highlight the importance of these interfaces.
{"title":"Study of pharmaceutical competences among the Romanian population, based on an online survey","authors":"Fogarasi Erzsébet, Fülöp Ibolya, Szilveszter Szilvia, V. Erzsébet, Croitoru Mircea Dumitru","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From the year 1990s the pharmaceutical competenceshttps://www.thesaurus.com/browse/assignment based on drug supply has been completed with the patient consultation and communication. This fact has greatly expanded the work of the pharmacists. As a result of this, the concept of pharmaceutical care has been introduced and normalized in several countries. But, in spite of all efforts there are still major differences in health care policies and practices among European countries. The aim of this study was to check the estimation of the pharmacists’ duties by patients and the attitude towards online medicine acquisition. Materials and methods: we used a four - part questionnaire created in Google Forms. The content of the questionnaire consisted of: a.) checking of the demographic data, b.) assessment of patients’ attitudes towards pharmacies, c.) assessment of pharmacist competences, d.) examining the viability of an online drug supply. Results and discussion: 524 persons completed the questionnaire (88.7% women, 11.3% men). 66.8% were from the city and 33.2% from the village, respectively. Patients’ adherence to pharmacies in most cases depended on the location of the pharmacy (65.1%) and the kindness (36.5%) and competence (36.5%) of the pharmacist. Checked with three parallel questions, it turned out that the number of questions occurring in the patients’ mind at home always exceeded the proportion of the answered questions in the pharmacy. 68.1% of the respondents consulted a pharmacist in the absence of a physician. Many (54.4%) of that surveyed searched healthcare information on Google search, but few of them ordered medicinal products via Internet. Based on the results of our survey, 18.3% of the respondents searched healthcare information on healthcare professionals’ online platform. Their trust was much greater in such platforms than in information found on Google search. Conclusion: A slight loyalty to a certain pharmacy can make it difficult to follow the drug therapy. This adherence to a pharmacy can be increased by the kindness and skills of the pharmacist. Although patients search healthcare information on online interfaces this information do not convince them to order medicinal products via Internet. The high degree of trust in pharmacist or physician managed homepages highlight the importance of these interfaces.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"124 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80738546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0014
Mihály István, Bod Réka-Barbara, O. Károly, Berki Ádám-József, Szilágyi Tibor
Abstract Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disease which is often pharmacoresistant. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a novel method for treating epilepsy; however, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We aimed to study the effect of amygdala DBS in the pilocarpine model of TLE. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine in male Wistar rats, and spontaneous seizures occurred after a latency period. A stimulating electrode was inserted into the left basolateral amygdala and two recording electrodes into the left and right hippocampus. A stimulus package consisted of 0.1 ms-long biphasic pulses applied regularly at 4 Hz for 50 seconds. This package was repeated four times a day, with 5-minute pauses, for 10 days. We also used an age-matched healthy control group of stimulated animals and another one of sham-operated rats. From the hippocampal local field potentials high frequency oscillations (HFOs) were analyzed as these are promising epilepsy biomarkers. HFOs are short oscillatory events between 80-600 Hz which were detected offline using an open-source application of MATLAB, the RIPPLELAB system. We found that the HFO rate was significantly higher in pilocarpine-treated rats compared to the control groups (0.41 ± 0.14 HFO/min vs. 0.006 ± 0.003 in the stimulated control group and no HFO in the sham-operated group). In the pilocarpine group an instantaneous decrease in HFO rate was observed while the stimulation was on (0.44 ± 0.15 HFO/min vs 0.07 ± 0.03 HFO/min, p=0.017). The effect was short-lived because the frequency of HFOs did not change significantly in the time windows between stimulus packages or during the ten-day stimulation period. The difference of HFO rates between epileptic and control groups could be used in the electrographic assessment of epilepsy. The decreased frequency of HFOs during stimulation may be useful to study the efficacy of DBS.
颞叶癫痫(TLE)是一种严重的神经系统疾病，通常具有耐药性。脑深部电刺激(DBS)是一种治疗癫痫的新方法;然而，其作用机制尚不完全清楚。我们的目的是研究杏仁核DBS在匹罗卡平TLE模型中的作用。匹罗卡品诱导雄性Wistar大鼠癫痫持续状态，并在潜伏期后发生自发性癫痫发作。一个刺激电极插入左基底外侧杏仁核，两个记录电极分别插入左海马和右海马。刺激方案包括0.1毫秒长的双相脉冲，以4赫兹的频率定期施加50秒。每天重复四次，每隔5分钟暂停一次，持续10天。我们还使用了一组年龄匹配的健康受刺激动物和另一组假手术大鼠作为对照组。海马局部场电位高频振荡(HFOs)是一种有前景的癫痫生物标志物。hfo是80- 600hz之间的短振荡事件，使用MATLAB的开源应用程序RIPPLELAB系统离线检测。我们发现，匹罗卡品处理大鼠的HFO率明显高于对照组(刺激组为0.41±0.14 HFO/min，对照组为0.006±0.003 HFO/min，假手术组无HFO)。匹罗卡平组在刺激时HFO率瞬间下降(0.44±0.15 HFO/min vs 0.07±0.03 HFO/min, p=0.017)。这种影响是短暂的，因为在刺激方案之间的时间窗口或在10天的刺激期间，hfo的频率没有显著变化。癫痫组与对照组HFO率的差异可用于癫痫的电图评价。刺激过程中HFOs频率的降低可能有助于研究DBS的疗效。
{"title":"The Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on High Frequency Oscillations in a Chronic Epilepsy Model","authors":"Mihály István, Bod Réka-Barbara, O. Károly, Berki Ádám-József, Szilágyi Tibor","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disease which is often pharmacoresistant. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a novel method for treating epilepsy; however, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We aimed to study the effect of amygdala DBS in the pilocarpine model of TLE. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine in male Wistar rats, and spontaneous seizures occurred after a latency period. A stimulating electrode was inserted into the left basolateral amygdala and two recording electrodes into the left and right hippocampus. A stimulus package consisted of 0.1 ms-long biphasic pulses applied regularly at 4 Hz for 50 seconds. This package was repeated four times a day, with 5-minute pauses, for 10 days. We also used an age-matched healthy control group of stimulated animals and another one of sham-operated rats. From the hippocampal local field potentials high frequency oscillations (HFOs) were analyzed as these are promising epilepsy biomarkers. HFOs are short oscillatory events between 80-600 Hz which were detected offline using an open-source application of MATLAB, the RIPPLELAB system. We found that the HFO rate was significantly higher in pilocarpine-treated rats compared to the control groups (0.41 ± 0.14 HFO/min vs. 0.006 ± 0.003 in the stimulated control group and no HFO in the sham-operated group). In the pilocarpine group an instantaneous decrease in HFO rate was observed while the stimulation was on (0.44 ± 0.15 HFO/min vs 0.07 ± 0.03 HFO/min, p=0.017). The effect was short-lived because the frequency of HFOs did not change significantly in the time windows between stimulus packages or during the ten-day stimulation period. The difference of HFO rates between epileptic and control groups could be used in the electrographic assessment of epilepsy. The decreased frequency of HFOs during stimulation may be useful to study the efficacy of DBS.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"63 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82444119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0016
P. Attila, Hancu Gabriel, Kelemen Hajnal, G. Árpád
Abstract Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective agents used in gastric hyper-acidity-related disorders. Omeprazole is a benzimidazole-derivative compound with an asymmetric sulphur in its structure, which generates its chiral character. Esomeprazole (S-omeprazole) was the first proton pump inhibitor introduced as an enantiomerically pure compound in therapy, after the successful chiral switch of the racemic omeprazole. This work is aimed at performing a complementary study to an already published chiral separation method of omeprazole. As preliminary analysis, the electrophoretic behavior of omeprazole enantiomers and the possible mechanism of the chiral resolution was studied using different background electrolytes containing different β-cyclodextrin derivatives, as chiral selectors. The robustness of the chiral separation method was tested by applying a Plackett-Burman design. The method was validated according to current ICH guidelines and proved to be reliable, linear, precise and accurate for the determination of 0.2% R-omeprazole as chiral impurity in esomeprazole samples. The validated method was successfully used for the analysis of esomeprazole-containing gastro-resistant tablets. According to our results, valuable information on the mechanism of chiral separation of omeprazole was gained and the application area of the previously developed method was successfully enlarged. The presented rapid and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis method proved to be suitable for the determination of enantiomeric purity of esomeprazole from pharmaceutical preparations and could represent an alternative for the available compendial methods.
质子泵抑制剂是治疗胃高酸性相关疾病最有效的药物。奥美拉唑是一种苯并咪唑衍生物，其结构中含有不对称的硫，这就产生了它的手性。埃索美拉唑(s -奥美拉唑)是继外消旋奥美拉唑成功手性转换后，作为对映体纯化合物引入治疗的第一个质子泵抑制剂。这项工作的目的是对已经发表的奥美拉唑手性分离方法进行补充研究。作为初步分析，采用含有不同β-环糊精衍生物的不同背景电解质作为手性选择剂，研究了奥美拉唑对映体的电泳行为和可能的手性分辨机制。采用Plackett-Burman设计测试了手性分离方法的稳健性。根据现行ICH指南对该方法进行了验证，证明该方法可靠、线性、精确、准确，可用于测定埃索美拉唑样品中0.2% r -奥美拉唑的手性杂质。该方法可用于含埃索美拉唑抗胃片的分析。本研究为研究奥美拉唑手性分离的机理提供了有价值的信息，并成功扩大了该方法的应用领域。结果表明，该方法可用于药物制剂中埃索美拉唑对映体纯度的测定，是现有药典方法的一种替代方法。
{"title":"Determination of enantiomeric purity of esomeprazole by capillary electrophoresis","authors":"P. Attila, Hancu Gabriel, Kelemen Hajnal, G. Árpád","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective agents used in gastric hyper-acidity-related disorders. Omeprazole is a benzimidazole-derivative compound with an asymmetric sulphur in its structure, which generates its chiral character. Esomeprazole (S-omeprazole) was the first proton pump inhibitor introduced as an enantiomerically pure compound in therapy, after the successful chiral switch of the racemic omeprazole. This work is aimed at performing a complementary study to an already published chiral separation method of omeprazole. As preliminary analysis, the electrophoretic behavior of omeprazole enantiomers and the possible mechanism of the chiral resolution was studied using different background electrolytes containing different β-cyclodextrin derivatives, as chiral selectors. The robustness of the chiral separation method was tested by applying a Plackett-Burman design. The method was validated according to current ICH guidelines and proved to be reliable, linear, precise and accurate for the determination of 0.2% R-omeprazole as chiral impurity in esomeprazole samples. The validated method was successfully used for the analysis of esomeprazole-containing gastro-resistant tablets. According to our results, valuable information on the mechanism of chiral separation of omeprazole was gained and the application area of the previously developed method was successfully enlarged. The presented rapid and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis method proved to be suitable for the determination of enantiomeric purity of esomeprazole from pharmaceutical preparations and could represent an alternative for the available compendial methods.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"93 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82616324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0006
Urbán Edit, G. Márió
Abstract Chronic, non-communicable diseases are affecting the lives of more and more people worldwide; due to obesity and inadequate eating habits, the proportion of diabetics is on an increasing trend globally. The development of a number of macro- and microangiopathic pathologies associated with the onset of diabetes affects the life expectancy of patients. Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the most serious long-term complications of diabetes and may be considered an intersection of infectious and non-infectious diseases; these infections can significantly reduce the quality of life of affected patients. The purpose of this review was to summarize the latest recommendations for conservative (non-surgical) therapy for DFIs and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).
{"title":"Non-surgical therapy of diabetic foot infections based on recent guidelines and published data","authors":"Urbán Edit, G. Márió","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chronic, non-communicable diseases are affecting the lives of more and more people worldwide; due to obesity and inadequate eating habits, the proportion of diabetics is on an increasing trend globally. The development of a number of macro- and microangiopathic pathologies associated with the onset of diabetes affects the life expectancy of patients. Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the most serious long-term complications of diabetes and may be considered an intersection of infectious and non-infectious diseases; these infections can significantly reduce the quality of life of affected patients. The purpose of this review was to summarize the latest recommendations for conservative (non-surgical) therapy for DFIs and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"53 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0013
V. Erzsébet, Lieb Dorottya, Maráz Anna
Abstract Methanol, ethanol (50%) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris collected and dried under natural conditions in meadows near Marosludas in April 2018. The polyphenol contents of the plant parts, as well as the antioxidant capacity were measured by ABTS spectrophotometric methods. For the microbiology section, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (100 mg/ml) were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris followed by testing of their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata) and bacteria (Gram negatives:, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae; Gram-positive: Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) by agar well diffusion method. Ethanol proved to be the most effective solvent for all three drugs to determine the polyphenol content. The flower drug contains the highest amounts of polyphenols. With the ABTS method of antioxidant measurement, ethanolic extracts are more effective than aqueous extracts. Agar well diffusion studies showed that all extracts caused complete inhibition within the inhibition zone in the yeasts tested. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts was stronger than that of ethanolic extracts in the case of all three plant parts. The greatest inhibition was caused by extracts of the roots with ethanol. The three yeasts tested showed similarly high sensitivity to roots extracts, while the inhibitory effect was weaker for leaf extracts. Candida parapsilosis was resistant to leaf and flower extracts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, like fungi, showed good sensitivity to extracts, while other bacteria showed little or no inhibitory effect.
{"title":"Investigation of the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Primula veris L. extracts","authors":"V. Erzsébet, Lieb Dorottya, Maráz Anna","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methanol, ethanol (50%) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris collected and dried under natural conditions in meadows near Marosludas in April 2018. The polyphenol contents of the plant parts, as well as the antioxidant capacity were measured by ABTS spectrophotometric methods. For the microbiology section, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (100 mg/ml) were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris followed by testing of their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata) and bacteria (Gram negatives:, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae; Gram-positive: Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) by agar well diffusion method. Ethanol proved to be the most effective solvent for all three drugs to determine the polyphenol content. The flower drug contains the highest amounts of polyphenols. With the ABTS method of antioxidant measurement, ethanolic extracts are more effective than aqueous extracts. Agar well diffusion studies showed that all extracts caused complete inhibition within the inhibition zone in the yeasts tested. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts was stronger than that of ethanolic extracts in the case of all three plant parts. The greatest inhibition was caused by extracts of the roots with ethanol. The three yeasts tested showed similarly high sensitivity to roots extracts, while the inhibitory effect was weaker for leaf extracts. Candida parapsilosis was resistant to leaf and flower extracts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, like fungi, showed good sensitivity to extracts, while other bacteria showed little or no inhibitory effect.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"102 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78178131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0017
Berki Ádám-József, Benkő Csongor, Székely Edit, Szász Izabella Éva, Vas Krisztina Eszter
Abstract Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a severe nosocomial infection that affects the disease course of critically ill patients. Awareness of potential pathogens is essential for prevention, early detection, and proper treatment, as well. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the tracheal secretions collected from critically ill patients with the aim to detect the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We examined the bacteriological culture results of the tracheal secretions of the patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit of Tîrgu Mureș Emergency Clinical County Hospital between 1st November 2017 and 31st January 2018. Admission diagnoses and comorbidities were recorded, and white blood cell counts were monitored. We determined the quality of the lower respiratory samples by microscopic examination and the results of the microbiological tests, taking into account the germ count of pathogens and the antibiotic-resistance pheno-type. During the three months, 194 samples were received from 107 patients for bacteriological examination. After the first sample collection 34 (31.77%) tracheal secretions were positive for pathogens, while in the remaining samples normal upper respiratory bacterial flora was found. From the 34 positive samples, 22 were colonizing pathogens and 30 were isolated in a clinically significant amount. Predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (n=14; 26.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9; 17.3%), Escherichia coli (n=8.1%) and other Gram-negative bacteria (n=21; 40.4%) were identified. Among these strains 38 (73.07%) were not multidrug-resistant. The rate of positivity of individual sampling showed a positive correlation with the average duration of hospital stay (p=0.0016; r=0.8740). A total of 26 patients developed early-onset or late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia. Potential risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria were found. We can conclude that recently admitted patients in the intensive care unit are rarely carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria, but become colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant strains during long-term intensive care.
{"title":"Incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in tracheal secretions from critically ill patients in the intensive care unit","authors":"Berki Ádám-József, Benkő Csongor, Székely Edit, Szász Izabella Éva, Vas Krisztina Eszter","doi":"10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a severe nosocomial infection that affects the disease course of critically ill patients. Awareness of potential pathogens is essential for prevention, early detection, and proper treatment, as well. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the tracheal secretions collected from critically ill patients with the aim to detect the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We examined the bacteriological culture results of the tracheal secretions of the patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit of Tîrgu Mureș Emergency Clinical County Hospital between 1st November 2017 and 31st January 2018. Admission diagnoses and comorbidities were recorded, and white blood cell counts were monitored. We determined the quality of the lower respiratory samples by microscopic examination and the results of the microbiological tests, taking into account the germ count of pathogens and the antibiotic-resistance pheno-type. During the three months, 194 samples were received from 107 patients for bacteriological examination. After the first sample collection 34 (31.77%) tracheal secretions were positive for pathogens, while in the remaining samples normal upper respiratory bacterial flora was found. From the 34 positive samples, 22 were colonizing pathogens and 30 were isolated in a clinically significant amount. Predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (n=14; 26.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9; 17.3%), Escherichia coli (n=8.1%) and other Gram-negative bacteria (n=21; 40.4%) were identified. Among these strains 38 (73.07%) were not multidrug-resistant. The rate of positivity of individual sampling showed a positive correlation with the average duration of hospital stay (p=0.0016; r=0.8740). A total of 26 patients developed early-onset or late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia. Potential risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria were found. We can conclude that recently admitted patients in the intensive care unit are rarely carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria, but become colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant strains during long-term intensive care.","PeriodicalId":9334,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"77 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83217293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：