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Revisiting Career Risks in Human Resources Management 重新审视人力资源管理中的职业风险
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).146-155
N. Sotnikov
A business career, being a promising method of increasing the competitiveness of the organization's labor market, inevitably becomes a source of career risks. In theory and practice, there is a high theo­retical, methodological and research technique uncertainty of the concept of «career risk». In this context, the study of the definition of the concept of "career risks" is relevant. The purpose of our study is to develop the scientific foundations of a risk-based approach to a business career, which makes it possible to determine the conditions, causes, factors and types of career risks that can lead to destructive positioning of human resources in the labor market. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the main scientific provisions of risk management and career management. The statistical data of the statistical reports and primary personnel documents of commercial banks, the information of the all-Russian statistical reports served as the information and empirical base of the study. The target of research are fifteen banks with different development strategies in the period 2013–2018, operating in Novosibirsk. The scientific novelty lies in the making of the author's conceptual approach to career risks: an interpretation of the concept of «career risk», an interpretation of its socio-economic content, and the imperatives of the emergence of career risks for bank employees are determined. The study showed the need to diagnose risk areas of a business career, which creates information support for developing measures to minimize its negative consequences and maximize emerging opportunities.
商业生涯作为提高组织劳动力市场竞争力的一种有前途的方法,不可避免地成为职业风险的来源。在理论和实践中,“职业风险”概念在理论、方法和研究技术上都存在较高的不确定性。在此背景下,研究“职业风险”概念的定义是有意义的。我们研究的目的是发展基于风险的职业生涯方法的科学基础,这使得确定职业风险的条件、原因、因素和类型成为可能,这些职业风险可能导致人力资源在劳动力市场上的破坏性定位。研究方法是建立在对风险管理和职业生涯管理的主要科学规定进行理论分析的基础上的。商业银行统计报告和主要人事文件的统计数据,全俄统计报告的信息作为研究的信息和实证基础。研究对象是2013-2018年期间在新西伯利亚经营的15家具有不同发展战略的银行。科学的新颖性在于作者提出了职业风险的概念方法:对“职业风险”的概念进行了解释,对其社会经济内容进行了解释,确定了银行员工职业风险出现的必要性。该研究表明,有必要对商业生涯中的风险领域进行诊断,从而为制定措施提供信息支持,以最大限度地减少其负面影响,并最大限度地利用新出现的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Adapting Income Taxation to the Labor Market Changes 使所得税适应劳动力市场的变化
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).167-178
A. Kireenko, S. Sodnomova
The article is concerned with the analysis of the labor market changes, requiring the personal income tax reform. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis are applied. Rating and analytical agencies data, statistics from the OECD, Eurofond and Eurostat used as the empirical base of the study. Three labor market trends requiring appropriate changes in taxation were identified. The first trend is the change in the demand for work skills, which requires a more flexible approach to educational tax deductions and tax incentives for training in high-demand digital professions. The second trend is digital platforms and the gig economy that enhance income differentiation, which inevitably raises the question of progressive income taxation. The third trend is an increase in non-standard employment. The article analyzes such forms of non-standard employment as work on the basis of vouchers, platform work, joint employment, casual labour which are associated with the ambiguous status of employment and require changes in tax policy to regulate them.
文章分析了劳动力市场的变化,提出了个人所得税改革的要求。采用比较分析和统计分析的方法。评级和分析机构的数据,统计数据来自经合组织,Eurofond和Eurostat用作研究的实证基础。确定了需要适当改变税收的三个劳动力市场趋势。第一个趋势是对工作技能需求的变化,这需要采取更灵活的教育税收减免和税收激励措施,以培训高需求的数字职业。第二个趋势是数字平台和零工经济,它们加剧了收入分化,这不可避免地引发了累进所得税的问题。第三个趋势是非标准就业的增加。本文分析了代金券工作、平台工作、联合工作、临时工等非标准就业形式,这些形式与就业地位的模糊性有关,需要通过税收政策的变化对其进行规范。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the Foreign Trade in the Development of Contemporary Supernational Structures in the Age of Globalization 4.0 全球化4.0时代外贸在当代超国家建筑发展中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).186-196
M. Balashova, I. Tsvigun
In the age of globalization 4.0, the problem of insufficient preparation of supranational structures for leveling the negative consequences of the integration of information technologies into all spheres of human activity is becoming more acute, which puts on the agenda the question of the real effectiveness of their activities. There is no alternative to establishing and deepening the information type of society in both the medium and long term. International organizations and companies, as well as integration associations, should take into account the relevant changes taking place in the world economy in the organization of their activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of foreign trade in the development of modern supranational structures and to identify among them those which can really cope with the challenges of globalization 4.0. The research methodology was based on the basic principles of synthesis and analysis of data on 35 countries of the world from different continents and with different levels of economic development, which either have maintained stable positions in the level and quality of life of the population over the past decades, or those that have managed to make the transition from a country with a developing economy to a developed one. The authors tried to identify the influence of the foreign trade activities of the member states of supranational structures on the success of their development. The result of the study was the identification of stronger positions of international companies and integration associations that have achieved complex forms of cooperation over international organizations. It is shown that the main way to achieve the appropriate leadership is the activity of their member countries in foreign trade processes in general, and most importantly — in the export of information technologies, in particular. The latter gives the relevant supranational structures unique unlimited benefits, and their participants the opportunity to preserve their so­vereignty and guarantee national security.
在全球化4.0时代,超国家机构为消除信息技术融入人类活动所有领域的负面影响而准备不足的问题正变得更加尖锐,这就把超国家机构活动的真正有效性问题提上了议程。从中期和长期来看,建立和深化信息化社会是唯一的选择。国际组织和公司以及一体化协会在组织其活动时应考虑到世界经济中正在发生的有关变化。本研究的目的是确定对外贸易在现代超国家结构发展中的作用,并确定其中哪些能够真正应对全球化4.0的挑战。研究方法的基础是综合和分析来自不同大陆和不同经济发展水平的世界35个国家的数据的基本原则,这些国家在过去几十年中要么在人口的生活水平和质量方面保持稳定的地位,要么设法从发展中国家过渡到发达国家。作者试图确定超国家结构成员国的对外贸易活动对其成功发展的影响。这项研究的结果是确定了国际公司和一体化协会较强的地位,这些协会已经实现了对国际组织的复杂形式的合作。报告显示,取得适当领导地位的主要途径是其成员国在一般外贸过程中的活动,最重要的是,特别是在信息技术出口方面的活动。后者为相关的超国家结构提供了独特的无限利益,并为超国家结构的参与者提供了维护其主权和保障国家安全的机会。
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引用次数: 1
Problems of Information Support of Non-Profit Organizations Working with Volunteers: General Trends and a Case-Analysis 非营利组织与志愿者合作的信息支持问题:总体趋势与个案分析
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).230-240
Tatyana Bakhmatova, A. Khromenkova
The globalization of information processes leads to the development of a large number of channels that are used to provide information for non-profit organizations. Today, there is a clear deficiency of scientific research devoted to the systemic assessment of the effectiveness of information and communication channels in organizing volunteer activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the most common problems of information support for the activities of non-profit organizations working with volunteers. The object of study is the Obereg charity fund. The study, carried out on the basis of the case-study strategy, allowed to make a detailed assessment of the information environment of the non-profit organization, to analyze the problems of using communication channels in the activities of non-profit organizations working with volunteers. With the help of the social network analysis service Socstat, groups of organizations in the social network VKontakte were analyzed, the engagement rate was calculated, and the results of empirical studies based on the content analysis of the websites of 10 organizations in Russia and groups in social networks were presented. The study showed that the most common problems of communication channel functioning of non-profit organizations are irregular and unsystematic use of channels, incompleteness of information provided, the lack of an information manager. The following ways of solving the identified problems were proposed: involvement of relevant specialists; preparation of a comprehensive strategy for working with communication channels; implementation of an omnichannel strategy.
信息过程的全球化导致了为非营利组织提供信息的大量渠道的发展。今天,显然缺乏专门用于系统地评估信息和通讯渠道在组织志愿活动方面的有效性的科学研究。本研究的目的是确定与志愿者合作的非营利组织活动的信息支持中最常见的问题。研究对象是奥贝格慈善基金。本研究在个案研究策略的基础上,对非营利组织的信息环境进行了详细的评估,分析了非营利组织在与志愿者合作的活动中使用沟通渠道的问题。借助社交网络分析服务Socstat,对社交网络VKontakte中的组织群体进行分析,计算参与率,并给出基于俄罗斯10家组织网站和社交网络群体内容分析的实证研究结果。研究表明,非营利组织沟通渠道运作中最常见的问题是渠道使用不规范和不系统,提供的信息不完整,缺乏信息管理人员。提出了下列解决已发现问题的途径:有关专家的参与;制定与沟通渠道合作的全面战略;实施全渠道战略。
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引用次数: 1
On a Type of Russian Chests Called «Baul» of the 18th-19th Centuries. History and Art Style 18 -19世纪的一种叫做“保罗”的俄罗斯箱子。历史与艺术风格
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).560-565
G. Pudov
The study of specific types of chests is one of the most prolific areas of the research of Russian chest production. However, today they receive insufficient attention from researches. This paper deals with the history of one of the types of Russian chests called «baul». The issues of their appearance in Russia, their connection with European items (in particular, Scandinavian ones) are considered and specific museum works are analyzed. The comparative method is used to identify the artistic features of Russian «bauls». Items of Russian and foreign museum collections were used. The author draws several conclusions: the chest called «baul» is an independent type of Russian chests; the «baul» as a type of chest was most likely borrowed by Russian craftsmen from Western Europe; despite of the obvious similarity that can be seen in its form and design, Russian and foreign products have their own art style; Russian masters were participants in the pan-European cultural process.
对特定类型的胸部的研究是俄罗斯胸部生产研究中最多产的领域之一。然而,目前它们还没有得到足够的研究重视。本文讨论了一种名为“包装箱”的俄罗斯箱子的历史。它们在俄罗斯出现的问题,它们与欧洲物品(特别是斯堪的纳维亚物品)的联系被考虑,并分析了具体的博物馆作品。本文采用比较的方法来确定俄罗斯“球”的艺术特征。使用了俄罗斯和外国博物馆的藏品。作者得出了几个结论:称为“球”的胸部是俄罗斯胸部的独立类型;作为一种箱子的“球”很可能是由西欧的俄罗斯工匠借用的;尽管在形式和设计上有明显的相似性,但俄罗斯和外国的产品都有自己的艺术风格;俄罗斯大师是泛欧文化进程的参与者。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance to Digitalization in Different Segments of Digital Platforms Users: an Empirical Study 数字平台不同用户群体对数字化的抗拒:实证研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).522-531
M. Ryzhkova, A. Glukhov
The results of an empirical study of the reasons and strategies of resistance to digitalization by potential consumers of digital platforms are presented. The analysis is based on a standardized questionnaire with participation of 209 respondents. During the survey, both the blank filling method and the on-line format were used. Resistance to digitalization in our research is conceptualized as one of the types of resistance to innovation in the process of their diffusion into the consumer market. We use the key provisions of the innovation diffusion theory (E. Rogers) as a methodological basis. The focus of the presented research is on the influence of a number of factors in the process of penetration of innovations and psychographic segmentation of consumers by the relative speed of adoption of innovations. The results concern the difference between real and imaginary reasons for resistance to digitalization. For consumers, the direct benefit from the digital platform is paramount. Analysis of consumer segmentation of digital platform users shows differences in the reasons for resistance and factors contributing to digitalization process. The results also include the relationship between self-identification in the digital world, the level of consumers’ digital innovativeness and the degree of use of digital platforms for different subgroups of respondents. Hypotheses are put forward. They regard the importance of family members of digital socialization and widespread quasi-forms of using digital platforms. A number of recommendations based on the identified structural characteristics of consumer segments and the system of incentives influencing them are proposed. They are aimed at overcoming the resistance to digitalization for business and the state.
本文对数字平台潜在消费者抵制数字化的原因和策略进行了实证研究。该分析基于一份标准化问卷,共有209名受访者参与。在调查过程中,采用了空白填写法和在线格式。在我们的研究中,对数字化的抵制被定义为创新在向消费市场扩散过程中的一种抵制。我们使用创新扩散理论(罗杰斯)的关键条款作为方法论基础。本研究的重点是在创新渗透和消费者心理细分过程中的一些因素受创新采用的相对速度的影响。结果涉及到抵制数字化的真实原因和想象原因之间的差异。对于消费者来说,数字平台的直接利益是最重要的。通过对数字平台用户的消费者细分分析,可以看出抗拒数字化的原因和促成数字化进程的因素存在差异。研究结果还包括数字世界中的自我认同、消费者数字创新水平和不同受访者群体使用数字平台程度之间的关系。提出了假设。他们认为家庭成员对数字社会化和广泛的数字平台准使用形式的重要性。根据已确定的消费者阶层的结构特征和影响他们的激励制度,提出了若干建议。它们旨在克服企业和国家对数字化的抵制。
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引用次数: 1
Nonlinear Evolution and Stable Growth of Regional Industry (for Five-Year Planning of Economic Development of the Irkutsk Region) 区域工业的非线性演化与稳定增长(伊尔库茨克地区经济发展五年规划)
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).507-515
S. Chuprov
Involvement of representations of nonlinear dynamics in the analysis of the functioning of industrial enterprises in a non-stationary environment provides a key to understanding the phenomena they experience — nontrivial cardinal perestroikas. Phases of slow and fast changes, periods of leaps and bounds in the complex evolution of enterprise activity reveal its inherent nonlinearity and find expression in the features of stable and unstable enterprise behavior.From these conceptual positions, the article offers a cursory analysis and interpretation of trends in the functioning of the industry of the Irkutsk region in 2015–2019 with an emphasis on the stable growth of indicators of the regional economy, in particular, gross regional pro­duct, regional budget revenues and fixed investment. The damping effect on sharp fluctuations in the macroenvironment and imparting pace of development to the regional industry was achieved thanks to a constructive public-private partnership, which served as the motive for the development and successful implementation of the State Plan for Social and Economic Development of the Irkutsk Region for 2019–2023 (State Planning Commission).A number of priority directions of the State Planning Commission and industrial points of growth in the Irkutsk region and the phenomenon of the evolution of enterprises with a mixture of stable states of various levels of efficiency are stated.
在分析工业企业在非平稳环境中的运作时,涉及到非线性动力学的表示,这为理解它们所经历的现象——非平凡的基数改革——提供了关键。企业活动复杂演化过程中的快慢变化阶段、跃进阶段揭示了其内在的非线性,并表现为企业行为的稳定和不稳定特征。从这些概念立场出发,本文对2015-2019年伊尔库茨克地区工业运行趋势进行了粗略的分析和解释,重点是区域经济指标的稳定增长,特别是区域生产总值、区域预算收入和固定投资。由于建立了建设性的公私伙伴关系,对宏观环境的急剧波动起到了抑制作用,并为区域工业的发展提供了节奏,这种伙伴关系是制定和成功实施伊尔库茨克州2019-2023年社会和经济发展国家计划(国家计划委员会)的动力。国家计划委员会的若干优先方向和伊尔库茨克地区的工业增长点,以及企业在各种效率水平的稳定状态中混合发展的现象。
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引用次数: 1
Development of Public Finances in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Period (to the 90th Anniversary of BSU) 苏联与后苏联时期公共财政的发展(以北大建校90周年为纪念)
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).497-506
V. Samarukha
The article discusses the creation and development of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Baikal State University» as the successor of the Siberian Financial and Economic Institute, formed on the basis of the financial department of the Faculty of Economics of Irkutsk State University and a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of August 11, 1930 No. 305 and the order of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR, since it came under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR. The article outlines the timeline of the formation of its structural divisions (faculties and departments), the formation of the scientific school of financial research in the regions of Siberia, and in the Irkutsk region, including, in the light of the transformation of the geopolitical conditions of the socio-economic development of Russia and in connection with the need to train financial specialists and economists. We characterized the main stages of the development of scientific research at the university including scientific topics in the field of financial research, the formation of the research school and opening of candidate and doctoral dissertation councils. The article provides a comparative analysis of the economic indicators of the leading countries of the world and discusses a special role money and finance play in their economic development. The authors put forward recommendations for enhancing scientific research by the BSU faculty and strengthening the role of the state in regulating the real sector of the economy and investment processes.
本文讨论了联邦国家预算高等教育机构“贝加尔湖国立大学”的创建和发展,该大学是西伯利亚财经学院的继承者,该学院是在伊尔库茨克国立大学经济学院财政系的基础上根据苏联人民委员会1930年8月11日第305号决议和苏联财政人民委员部的命令成立的。因为它属于苏联财政人民委员部的管辖范围文章概述了其结构部门(院系和部门)的形成时间表,西伯利亚地区和伊尔库茨克地区金融研究科学学校的形成,包括根据俄罗斯社会经济发展的地缘政治条件的转变,以及与培养金融专家和经济学家的需要有关。我们描述了该大学科研发展的主要阶段,包括金融研究领域的科学课题,研究学院的形成以及候选人和博士论文委员会的开放。本文对世界主要国家的经济指标进行了比较分析,论述了货币金融在这些国家经济发展中的特殊作用。作者提出了加强北京国立大学教师的科学研究和加强国家在调节实体经济部门和投资过程中的作用的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Discourse of the Retention of Cultural Values by Axiological Archetypes in the Visual Art of Primorye in the 60s of the 20th Century - the Beginning of the 21st Century 论20世纪60年代至21世纪初滨海地区视觉艺术中价值原型对文化价值的保留
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).551-559
A. Fedorova, G. Alekseeva
This article is devoted to the problem of preserving cultural values in the fine arts of the 60s of the 20th century — the beginning of the 21st century in the Primorsky Territory in connection with the period of perestroika in Russia. The regional features of artistic life and the main plots of canvas paintings, conveying traditional archetypes in the visual arts were studied on the basis of the original works of five leading Primorye artists of the 1960s — early 2000s. It is quite predictable that a number of value archetypes in the visual arts of the 20th–21st centuries does not lose its importance; moreover, their self-development in art gives a new driving force to fine art. Among such historically formed archetypes are the Great Mother, Hero, Tree of Life, Road (Ladder) and Fish. These symbolic images are implemented in different ways in the works of famous masters of the Primorsky Territory, such as V.S. Chebotarev, K.I. Shebeko, I.V. Rybachuk, R.V. Tushkin, V.A. Goncharenko, N.P Zhogolev, I.A. Kuznetsov, A.V. Teleshov, G.A. Omelchenko. The authors of the article identify archetypes that change their appearance in a new cultural and historical environment, but are recognizable due to the constant iconographic schemes and personal characteristics of a particular master. A new working term «axiological archetype» is proposed, which is consonant with the concept of «value archetype», which is based on the mental and value attitudes of society, expressed by the artist by means of visual arts, iconographic schemes, revealed through understanding the logic of hidden meaning. The use of an interdisciplinary approach made it possible to adapt the axiological approach to art history analysis and to present the visual arts of Primorye as a value phenomenon in the historical context of the development of Russian fine arts.
本文致力于保护20世纪60年代美术中的文化价值问题-与俄罗斯改革时期有关的21世纪初滨海边疆区。以20世纪60年代至21世纪初滨海地区五位主要艺术家的原创作品为基础,研究了艺术生活的地域性特征和传达视觉艺术传统原型的帆布画的主要情节。可以预见的是,在20 - 21世纪的视觉艺术中,许多价值原型并没有失去其重要性;此外,他们在艺术上的自我发展也为美术提供了新的动力。在这些历史上形成的原型中,有伟大的母亲、英雄、生命之树、道路(梯子)和鱼。这些象征性的形象以不同的方式体现在滨海地区著名大师的作品中,如V.S.切波塔列夫,K.I.舍别科,I.V.雷巴丘克,R.V.图什金,V.A.贡查连科,n.p.乔戈列夫,I.A.库兹涅佐夫,A.V.特莱斯霍夫,G.A.奥梅尔琴科。文章的作者确定了在新的文化和历史环境中改变其外观的原型,但由于特定大师的恒定图像方案和个人特征而被识别出来。提出了一个新的工作术语“价值论原型”,它与“价值原型”的概念一致,它基于社会的精神和价值态度,由艺术家通过视觉艺术,图像方案表达,通过理解隐藏意义的逻辑来揭示。跨学科方法的使用使得将价值论方法应用于艺术史分析成为可能,并将滨海地区的视觉艺术作为俄罗斯美术发展历史背景下的一种价值现象呈现出来。
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引用次数: 0
The Reserve Potential Evaluation for Strategic Planning of the Regional Socio-Economic Development 区域社会经济发展战略规划的储备潜力评价
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).541-550
Larisa Sokolova, I. Kazantseva
The strategic planning features of Russian regional socio-economic development in modern conditions are shown. The issue includes the use of strategic planning tools at various economic development levels of the country and its methodological development lack has been revealed. Indicators for determining the gender reserve of labor potential for the regional economic and social sphere are proposed. Indicators for the index of the gender balance in Irkutsk region and the constituent territories of the Siberian Federal District have been calculated. On the basis of the structure of the gender balance index for the constituent territories of the Siberian Federal District, the priorities of the areas of regional social development have been hilighted.
揭示了现代条件下俄罗斯区域社会经济发展的战略规划特征。这个问题包括在国家的不同经济发展水平上使用战略规划工具,其方法发展的不足已经暴露出来。提出了确定区域经济和社会领域劳动力潜力性别储备的指标。计算了伊尔库茨克州和西伯利亚联邦区各组成领土的性别平衡指数指标。在西伯利亚联邦区各组成地区性别平衡指数结构的基础上,突出了区域社会发展领域的优先事项。
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引用次数: 4
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Bulletin of Baikal State University
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