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Master′s Programs: Key Issues of Development 硕士课程:发展的关键问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).532-540
D. Khlebovich
The article provides an overview of the Russian Master's program trends with an emphasis on the evolution of the curricula and the achievement of their new quality. Based on the secondary data analysis, the dynamics of the processes was assessed and the landscape of empirical studies of the second level of higher education was presented. A number of discussion issues related to the understanding of the present and future of Master's programs was outlined. The conclusion is made about the growth of interest in involvement in the Master`s programs. It was revealed that the development of different types and formats of curriculum with a focus on both foreign practices and Russian experience can be observed. It was proved that the most important decisions related to educational programs are focused on the formation of the Master's program product portfolio, the determination of strategic alternatives for its development, the choice of program management models and the development of external partnerships of universities to create new generation programs. It is becoming important for the academic community to find an answer to the question of new emphasis and approaches to the design of the educational process for the second level of higher education. The author comes to the conclusion that the efforts to develop Master's programs should be supported by «targeted» research, the results of which should form an information basis for making strategic and tactical decisions.
本文概述了俄罗斯硕士课程的发展趋势,重点是课程的发展和新质量的实现。在二级数据分析的基础上,对二级高等教育发展过程的动态进行了评估,并对二级高等教育发展的实证研究现状进行了展望。概述了一些与理解硕士课程的现在和未来有关的讨论问题。结论是关于参与硕士课程的兴趣的增长。据透露,可以观察到不同类型和形式的课程的发展,重点是外国实践和俄罗斯经验。事实证明,与教育项目相关的最重要决策集中在硕士项目产品组合的形成,其发展战略选择的确定,项目管理模式的选择以及大学外部合作伙伴关系的发展,以创建新一代项目。对于学术界来说,为高等教育二级教育过程的设计找到一个新的重点和方法的问题的答案变得越来越重要。作者得出的结论是,开发硕士课程的努力应该得到“有针对性”研究的支持,其结果应该形成制定战略和战术决策的信息基础。
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引用次数: 2
Set-Theory Analysis of the Data Organization of the Educational Process and Algorithms for Designing a Schedule with Elements Artificial Intelligence 教学过程数据组织的集合论分析及基于人工智能要素的课程表设计算法
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).575-585
V. Martyanov
The article examines the issues of creating information and software for organizing the educational process, including automated calculation of high-quality timetables. Two new strategies for solving NP-hard problems are proposed, which can be recommended for systemic artificial intelligence
本文探讨了为组织教育过程创建信息和软件的问题,包括高质量时间表的自动计算。提出了两种解决np困难问题的新策略,可供系统人工智能参考
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引用次数: 0
Sociocultural Aspects of Citys Heraldry: History of the Symbols of the City of Irkutsk 城市纹章的社会文化方面:伊尔库茨克城市标志的历史
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).174-184
A. Sukhodolov, Andrei Atanov, A. Kolesnikova
A versatile art of heraldry includes historical, geographical, legal, and certainly, cultural components. Heraldic symbols reflect notions of basic, fundamental values of society, groups and separate individuals, preserve traditional values and, due to respective symbols, contribute to the formation of notional values. It is impossible to imagine modern society without coats of arms, flags, official signs or emblems. In the article, the authors consider regional and municipal aspects of heraldry which provide a symbolic basis for the development of the area as a part of the whole, integral state. All the above mentioned aspects define a responsible approach to such an essential process as art of heraldry. The article highlights a largely unknown for a broad public and confusing story of the coat of arms of Irkutsk, several versions explaining this peculiar case are taken into account. The authors offer a journey into the history of the city and investigate different representations of the symbol of Irkutsk.
一门多才多艺的纹章艺术包括历史、地理、法律,当然还有文化的成分。纹章符号反映了社会、群体和个别个人的基本价值观念,保存了传统价值观念,由于各自的符号,有助于形成观念价值观念。我们无法想象现代社会没有盾形纹章、旗帜、官方标志或徽章。在文章中,作者考虑了区域和城市方面的纹章,这为该地区作为整体整体国家的一部分的发展提供了象征性的基础。上述所有方面都定义了对纹章艺术这样一个重要过程负责任的方法。这篇文章强调了一个公众不知道的、令人困惑的关于伊尔库茨克盾徽的故事,几个版本解释了这个特殊的案例。作者提供了一个城市的历史之旅,并调查了伊尔库茨克象征的不同表现形式。
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引用次数: 0
Intermedial Specificity of Illustrations by I.S. Glazunov for the Works by F.M. Dostoevsky 格拉佐诺夫对陀思妥耶夫斯基作品插图的中间特异性
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).225-232
M. Baranova
The article explores illustrations by I.S. Glazunov for the works by F.M. Dostoevsky in terms of intermediality. This up-to-date method allows us to consider the area of different kinds of art as an open information field, connected by various communication channels, «media». This method promotes deep analysis of the illustrations, their holistic interpretation and perception. Dostoevsky is Glazunov's favorite writer; it was precisely his works that the artist most often referred to in his illustrations. However, not only his skills as a graphic artist, but also his ideological closeness to the artist in words makes Glazunov’s illustrations so valuable. In his works, Glazunov tried to embody not only literary images, but also to convey the writer's philosophy, including the well-known idea of «universal responsiveness». The artist sought to convey the intention of Dostoevsky’s characters through experiments with color and chiaroscuro, as well as using the sauce and pastel technique, which made it possible to convey expressiveness and tension through certain incompleteness and sketchiness of the illustrations created by Glazunov.
本文从中间性的角度探讨了格拉佐诺夫为陀思妥耶夫斯基作品所作的插图。这种最新的方法使我们能够将不同种类的艺术领域视为一个开放的信息领域,通过各种沟通渠道“媒体”连接起来。这种方法促进了对插图的深入分析,对它们的整体解释和感知。陀思妥耶夫斯基是格拉祖诺夫最喜欢的作家;这位艺术家在他的插图中最常提到的正是他的作品。然而,不仅是他作为平面艺术家的技巧,还有他在文字上与艺术家的意识形态亲近,使得格拉祖诺夫的插图如此有价值。在他的作品中,格拉祖诺夫不仅试图体现文学形象,还试图传达作家的哲学,包括著名的“普遍反应”思想。艺术家试图通过色彩和明暗对比的实验,以及使用酱和粉彩技术来传达陀思妥耶夫斯基人物的意图,这使得通过格拉祖诺夫创作的插图的某些不完整和素描来传达表现力和张力成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Development of the Mortgage System on the Availability of Residential Real Estate 抵押制度的发展对住宅房地产可得性的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).326-336
Boris Bedin, N. Kovalevskaya
The article discusses approaches to solving the problem of ensuring housing affordability, which is relevant for many countries, including Russia. The concepts of «residential real estate market» and «housing affordability» are analyzed from various points of view; criteria that characterize housing affordability are defined. The possibilities of using various methods of acquiring residential real estate in a market eco­nomy are analyzed. The features of the Russian system of mortgage lending based on a comparison of approaches to determining the affordability of housing in Russia and abroad are noted. As a key area for solving the problem of housing affordability, the possibilities of a mortgage lending system are considered. Statistical data are presented. They demonstrate the relationship between the indicators cha­racterizing the state of the mortgage lending system and the dynamics of prices in the real estate market. The relationship between the availability of mortgages and the availability of housing is indicated.
本文讨论了解决住房可负担性问题的方法,这对包括俄罗斯在内的许多国家都有意义。从多个角度分析了“住宅房地产市场”和“住房负担能力”的概念;确定了住房负担能力的标准。分析了在市场经济条件下住宅房地产获取的各种方式的可能性。在比较确定俄罗斯和国外住房负担能力的方法的基础上,指出了俄罗斯抵押贷款制度的特点。作为解决住房负担能力问题的关键领域,按揭贷款制度的可能性被考虑在内。给出了统计数据。他们展示了表征抵押贷款系统状态的指标与房地产市场价格动态之间的关系。指出了抵押贷款的可得性与住房的可得性之间的关系。
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引用次数: 2
Prospects of Fish-Husbandry Utilization of Maloye More Fishing Area: Economic Assessment and Substantiation 马洛耶多渔区畜牧业利用前景:经济评价与实证
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).233-244
A. Sukhodolov, A. Fedotov, M. Makarov, P. Anoshko, P. Sorokina, A. Kolesnikova, Daria Zhabina
The article was written on the basis of the results of the research conducted by the staff scientists of Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Baikal State University. The aim was to define ecological and economic viability of planting of prospective autochthonous aquatic species including Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius in Maloye More fishing area. The process of fish planting is considered in the light of the need for satisfying the demand for omul both among the local population and tourists visiting Maloye More. The authors give a brief analysis of the demand for fish among the above mentioned categories. On the basis of calculations, a conclusion is drawn that it is impossible to satisfy the need for omul among the population of Maloye More and tourists visiting the area, whose number is growing fast, solely by means of natural propagation. Thus, the authors made an economic assessment of viability of measures aimed at stocking Maloye More fishing area with fish. These measures include acquisition of juvenile omul and its transportation from fish-breeding farms in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia and also construction of a fish-breeding farm in Maloye More fishing area.
这篇文章是根据俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院湖泊研究所和贝加尔湖国立大学工作人员的研究结果撰写的。研究的目的是确定在Maloye More渔区种植包括贝加尔湖巨鹭(Baikal omul Coregonus migratorus)在内的潜在本土水生物种的生态和经济可行性。种植鱼类的过程是根据满足当地居民和访问Maloye More的游客对omul的需求来考虑的。作者对上述鱼类的需求作了简要分析。在计算的基础上,得出的结论是,仅仅通过自然繁殖是不可能满足Maloye More人口和访问该地区的游客的需求的,他们的数量正在迅速增长。因此,作者对旨在在Maloye More渔区放养鱼类的措施的可行性进行了经济评价。这些措施包括从伊尔库茨克地区和布里亚特共和国的养鱼场获取幼鱼和运输幼鱼,以及在Maloye More渔区建造一个养鱼场。
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引用次数: 2
Collaborative Theory of Integrated Organizational Forms of Management 整合组织管理形式的协同理论
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).273-280
Dely Li, V. Ostanin
Any economic system develops in the direction from a simple form of organization to a complex one. Integrated forms of organization make it possible to limit the harmful forms of competition for the business community. Analysis of contemporary science literature allowed the authors to reveal the lack of explanation of the essential reason for the existence of the nature of a firm. In integrated organizational forms, there is a partial replacement of competition relations with collaboration relations. The latter allow one to get additional synergistic effects. The successful implementation of this direction lies in the organizational forms of increasing the positive effect of regularity as consciously maintained proportionality. The positive effects of colla­boration can be enhanced as a result of the formation of mechanisms by state institutions that allow creating institutional prerequisites to increase positive effects of the forms of business organization. In this article, collaboration is considered as a prerequisite for switching over to integrated organizational forms of management.
任何经济系统都是朝着由简单组织形式向复杂组织形式发展的方向发展的。一体化的组织形式使企业界能够限制有害的竞争形式。通过对当代科学文献的分析,作者发现缺乏对企业性质存在的根本原因的解释。在整合的组织形式中,竞争关系被协作关系部分取代。后者允许人们获得额外的协同效应。这一方向的成功实施,在于组织形式在自觉保持比例性的同时增加规律性的积极作用。合作的积极影响可以通过国家机构形成的机制得到加强,这些机制可以为增加商业组织形式的积极影响创造制度先决条件。在本文中,协作被认为是转换到集成组织管理形式的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Age-Sex Structure of Population as One of the Factors of Its Morbidity at the Regional Level 人口年龄性别结构是区域人口发病的因素之一
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).300-308
V. M. Shipova, E. Berseneva, T. Makarenko, B. Spasennikov
Morbidity in a population according to its main classes, groups and specific diseases depends on many factors: economic development and living conditions of the population, the development of a network of healthcare organizations and the availability of basic and specialized types of medical care, the availability of medical personnel and their qualifications, the attitude of residents to their health and timely preventive measures, etc. The article presents a method of assessing the influence of age-sex population structure on the capacity of health care, describes the stages of calculations and gives specific examples. The characteristic feature of the method is the fact that when changing from intensive indicators to coefficients per unit, data in a given age-sex group are considered. For the two territories, which have significant differences in the age-sex population structure, the results of calculations of the number of first-time malignancies and active tuberculosis cases, which can occur only due to the influence of the age-sex population structure, all other factors being equal, are shown. The significant difference in the total estimated figures for the Belgorod region and the Republic of Ingushetia indicates that this factor should be taken into account in the analysis of the activities of medical organizations, planning capacity of health care and availability of medical personnel.
按主要类别、群体和具体疾病划分的人口发病率取决于许多因素:人口的经济发展和生活条件、保健组织网络的发展以及基本和专业医疗服务的提供、医务人员的配备及其资格、居民对健康的态度和及时的预防措施,等等。本文提出了一种评估年龄-性别人口结构对保健能力影响的方法,描述了计算的各个阶段,并给出了具体的例子。该方法的特点是,当从密集指数改为单位系数时,考虑的是某一年龄-性别组别的数据。对于年龄-性别人口结构差异很大的两个地区,在所有其他因素相同的情况下,首次恶性肿瘤和活动性结核病病例数的计算结果显示,这些病例只可能由于年龄-性别人口结构的影响而发生。别尔哥罗德州和印古什共和国的总估计数字存在巨大差异,这表明在分析医疗组织的活动、保健规划能力和医务人员的可用性时应考虑到这一因素。
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引用次数: 0
On the Role of Literary Works in the Course of Music Literature (Musicology) 论文学作品在音乐文学(音乐学)课程中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).219-224
Izolda Tsakher
In the article, the author summarizes her work experience as a teacher of music literature at the theoretical department of F. Chopin College of Music. A historically continuous interaction between literature and music is doubtless. It can be seen, namely, in T. Mann’s deliberate referring to music regularities when creating a philosophical novel and in A. Deblin’s seeing music as a sort of model for literature. Understanding contacts between literature and music of the same period contributes to enlarging students' field of interests in literature. Referring to the works by the genius authors (A. Pushkin, J.W. Goethe) and to mythology determines new perception of music. In general, music is included in a broad semantic and aesthetic context. Meanwhile, perception of literary works is also enriched thanks to their correlation with the artistic personalities of J.S. Bach and W.A. Mozart. For example, one can notice how the unique personality of Mozart reveals itself in the light of the exclusively semantically concentrated Pushkin’s text. As a result, this direction contributes to achieving the goals of the musicology course at college.
在这篇文章中,作者总结了她作为肖邦音乐学院理论系音乐文学教师的工作经历。毫无疑问,文学和音乐之间在历史上持续不断地相互作用。这可以从T. Mann在创作哲学小说时刻意提及音乐规律和a . Deblin将音乐视为文学的一种模式中看出。了解同时期文学与音乐的联系,有助于拓宽学生的文学兴趣领域。参考天才作家(普希金、歌德)的作品和神话决定了对音乐的新认识。一般来说,音乐包含在一个广泛的语义和美学语境中。与此同时,文学作品与巴赫、莫扎特等艺术人物的联系也丰富了人们对文学作品的认知。例如,人们可以注意到莫扎特的独特个性是如何在普希金的独家语义集中的文本中揭示出来的。因此,这一方向有助于实现高校音乐学课程的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Color Symbolism in the Works by Raphael and Mozart 拉斐尔和莫扎特作品中的色彩象征主义
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).195-204
S. Prokhorenkova
Color symbolism in the works by Raphael and Mozart has not been studied thoroughly enough yet due to the complexity of this topic. The basis for the analysis of Raphael’s and Mozart’s creative approaches was G.V. Chicherin’s method, aimed at revealing common and different aspects in them. The researcher has discovered internal relations between works of various kinds of art, between art and philosophy more than once. Famous poets and composers (A. Pushkin, J.W. Goethe, F. List) and also art experts and philosophers have studied Raphael’s and Mozart’s creative ideas and wrote fundamental works dedicated to various aspects of the artist’s and composer’s artwork. According to J.W. Goethe’s and F. List’s studies, Raphael’s and Mozart’s creations appear to be congenial. Romantic poets and artists took up Goethe’s and List’s ideas and developed them in their own fashion. E.T.A. Hoffmann was the first to pay attention to color symbolism in Mozart’s works, and the coloration of Raphael’s paintings influenced K. Bryullov. In the 20th century, G.V. Chicherin and H. Abert made their contribution to investigating a possible interrelation between Raphael’s and Mozarts’ works of art. In the article, the author considers an interpretation of the color on the fresco «The School of Athens» by Raphael and also in the songs and operas by Mozart.
由于主题的复杂性,对拉斐尔和莫扎特作品中的色彩象征主义的研究还不够深入。分析拉斐尔和莫扎特的创作方法的基础是G.V.奇切林的方法,旨在揭示他们的共同点和不同之处。研究者不止一次发现了各种艺术作品之间、艺术与哲学之间的内在联系。著名的诗人和作曲家(普希金、歌德、李斯特)以及艺术专家和哲学家都研究过拉斐尔和莫扎特的创作思想,并为艺术家和作曲家的艺术创作的各个方面写了一些基本的作品。根据歌德和李斯特的研究,拉斐尔和莫扎特的创作似乎是一致的。浪漫主义诗人和艺术家接受了歌德和李斯特的思想,并以自己的方式发展它们。E.T.A.霍夫曼最早在莫扎特的作品中注意到色彩象征主义,拉斐尔绘画中的色彩影响了K.布留洛夫。在20世纪,G.V.奇切林和H.艾伯特为研究拉斐尔和莫扎特的艺术作品之间可能的相互关系做出了贡献。在文章中,作者考虑了拉斐尔的壁画“雅典学派”和莫扎特的歌曲和歌剧中颜色的解释。
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引用次数: 1
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Bulletin of Baikal State University
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