Data & policy最新文献_第10页

Data sharing and collaborations with Telco data during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Vodafone case study. COVID-19大流行期间与电信公司数据的数据共享和协作:沃达丰案例研究。

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.26

Pedro Rente Lourenco, Gurjeet Kaur, Matthew Allison, Terry Evetts

With the outbreak of COVID-19 across Europe, anonymized telecommunications data provides a key insight into population level mobility and assessing the impact and effectiveness of containment measures. Vodafone's response across its global footprint was fast and delivered key new metrics for the pandemic that have proven to be useful for a number of external entities. Cooperation with national governments and supra-national entities to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic was a key part of Vodafone's response, and in this article the different methodologies developed are analyzed, as well as the key collaborations established in this context. In this article we also analyze the regulatory challenges found, and how these can pose a risk of the full benefits of these insights not being harnessed, despite clear and efficient Privacy and Ethics assessments to ensure individual safety and data privacy.

随着COVID-19在整个欧洲爆发，匿名电信数据为了解人口水平的流动性和评估遏制措施的影响和有效性提供了关键见解。沃达丰在其全球业务范围内迅速作出反应，并提供了针对疫情的关键新指标，这些指标已被证明对许多外部实体很有用。与各国政府和超国家实体合作，帮助抗击COVID-19大流行是沃达丰应对措施的一个关键部分，本文分析了开发的不同方法，以及在此背景下建立的关键合作。在本文中，我们还分析了所发现的监管挑战，以及尽管进行了清晰有效的隐私和道德评估，以确保个人安全和数据隐私，但这些挑战如何构成这些见解无法充分利用的风险。

引用次数: 2

Decision support system for flood risk reduction policies: The case of a flood protection measure in the area of Vicenza 减少洪水风险政策的决策支持系统——以维琴察地区的防洪措施为例

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.23

Georgia Pantalona, F. Tsalakanidou, S. Nikolopoulos, I. Kompatsiaris, F. Lombardo, D. Norbiato, M. Ferri, L. Kovats, Holger Haberstock

Abstract Climate change is one of the most significant and pressing issues faced by humanity; it frequently results in major natural disasters, such as catastrophic floods, which require the establishment of effective management policies by local and national authorities. These policies involve complex multistep decision-making processes that require combined assessment of various sources of data by different stakeholders. Even though an abundance of data is being collected to monitor climate change and estimate its consequences on the society, the environment, and the economy, policy-making is still largely based on intuition rather than evidence due to lack of a structured approach for modeling the decision-making process and considering the appropriate use of data in every step of the process. The goal of this work is to introduce a novel decision support system that can guide policy makers through a structured data-driven decision-making process aiming to create policies for flood risk management. The proposed system is a multifacet platform that guides policy makers through five phases—inform, advise, monitor, evaluate, and revise—of the policy cycle. For each phase, different dashboards provide relevant information regarding the environmental, social, and economic conditions. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, we use it to assess a flood protection policy in the city of Vicenza, Italy. The results reveal the benefits and challenges of the proposed decision support tool for public administrations involved in flood risk management.

摘要气候变化是人类面临的最重大、最紧迫的问题之一；它经常导致重大自然灾害，如灾难性洪水，这需要地方和国家当局制定有效的管理政策。这些政策涉及复杂的多步骤决策过程，需要不同利益攸关方对各种数据来源进行综合评估。尽管正在收集大量数据来监测气候变化并估计其对社会、环境和经济的影响，但决策在很大程度上仍然基于直觉而非证据，因为缺乏结构化的方法来建模决策过程，并考虑在决策过程的每一步中适当使用数据。这项工作的目标是引入一种新的决策支持系统，该系统可以通过结构化的数据驱动决策过程指导决策者，旨在制定洪水风险管理政策。拟议的系统是一个多方面的平台，指导决策者完成政策周期的五个阶段——告知、建议、监测、评估和修订。对于每个阶段，不同的仪表盘提供有关环境、社会和经济条件的相关信息。为了证明拟议系统的潜力，我们用它来评估意大利维琴察市的防洪政策。研究结果揭示了拟议的决策支持工具对参与洪水风险管理的公共行政部门的好处和挑战。

{"title":"Decision support system for flood risk reduction policies: The case of a flood protection measure in the area of Vicenza","authors":"Georgia Pantalona, F. Tsalakanidou, S. Nikolopoulos, I. Kompatsiaris, F. Lombardo, D. Norbiato, M. Ferri, L. Kovats, Holger Haberstock","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is one of the most significant and pressing issues faced by humanity; it frequently results in major natural disasters, such as catastrophic floods, which require the establishment of effective management policies by local and national authorities. These policies involve complex multistep decision-making processes that require combined assessment of various sources of data by different stakeholders. Even though an abundance of data is being collected to monitor climate change and estimate its consequences on the society, the environment, and the economy, policy-making is still largely based on intuition rather than evidence due to lack of a structured approach for modeling the decision-making process and considering the appropriate use of data in every step of the process. The goal of this work is to introduce a novel decision support system that can guide policy makers through a structured data-driven decision-making process aiming to create policies for flood risk management. The proposed system is a multifacet platform that guides policy makers through five phases—inform, advise, monitor, evaluate, and revise—of the policy cycle. For each phase, different dashboards provide relevant information regarding the environmental, social, and economic conditions. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, we use it to assess a flood protection policy in the city of Vicenza, Italy. The results reveal the benefits and challenges of the proposed decision support tool for public administrations involved in flood risk management.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41879608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

IoT innovation clusters in Europe and the case for public policy 欧洲的物联网创新集群和公共政策案例

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.16

L. Remotti

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently developing fast and its potential as driver of innovative solutions is increasing, pushed by technologies, networks, communication, and computing power, and has the potential to drive the development of technological ecosystems, such as innovation clusters. Innovation clusters are agglomeration of enterprises and research organizations, which cooperate, interact and compete, generating innovation and driving the growth of ecosystems. The narrative around innovation clusters has been developing since many years and policy-makers seek to use such clusters as a policy instrument to support the growth of technology on the one hand and regional and sectoral development on the other hand. This policy paper expands an empirical study on IoT innovation clusters in Europe and places it within the current debate around clusters and innovation clusters to provide evidence-based advice to policy-makers on what may and may not work as public policy measures. The paper highlights the findings of the interaction with several hundred European IoT innovation clusters and points out their points of view on their own creation factors, operational characteristics, and success stories, as well as their expectations in respect to policy interventions for IoT and for clusters. Suggestions for IoT policy-making are provided. The paper has also undertaken an extensive review of up-to date research on innovation cluster creation and performance, thoroughly analyzing the real possibility to define causal relationships between clusters, productivity and economic growth, and business performance, and providing suggestions for policy-makers on the approach to cluster policy.

摘要物联网（IoT）目前发展迅速，在技术、网络、通信和计算能力的推动下，其作为创新解决方案驱动力的潜力正在增加，并有潜力推动技术生态系统的发展，如创新集群。创新集群是企业和研究组织的聚集，它们相互合作、互动和竞争，产生创新并推动生态系统的发展。多年来，围绕创新集群的叙事一直在发展，决策者试图将这些集群作为一种政策工具，一方面支持技术增长，另一方面支持区域和部门发展。本政策文件扩展了一项关于欧洲物联网创新集群的实证研究，并将其置于当前围绕集群和创新集群的辩论中，以向决策者提供基于证据的建议，说明哪些措施可以作为公共政策措施，哪些措施可以不作为公共政策手段。本文强调了与数百个欧洲物联网创新集群互动的发现，并指出了他们对自身创造因素、运营特征和成功案例的看法，以及他们对物联网和集群政策干预的期望。为物联网政策制定提供了建议。本文还对创新集群创建和绩效的最新研究进行了广泛回顾，深入分析了定义集群、生产力和经济增长以及企业绩效之间因果关系的真实可能性，并为决策者提供了集群政策的建议。

{"title":"IoT innovation clusters in Europe and the case for public policy","authors":"L. Remotti","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently developing fast and its potential as driver of innovative solutions is increasing, pushed by technologies, networks, communication, and computing power, and has the potential to drive the development of technological ecosystems, such as innovation clusters. Innovation clusters are agglomeration of enterprises and research organizations, which cooperate, interact and compete, generating innovation and driving the growth of ecosystems. The narrative around innovation clusters has been developing since many years and policy-makers seek to use such clusters as a policy instrument to support the growth of technology on the one hand and regional and sectoral development on the other hand. This policy paper expands an empirical study on IoT innovation clusters in Europe and places it within the current debate around clusters and innovation clusters to provide evidence-based advice to policy-makers on what may and may not work as public policy measures. The paper highlights the findings of the interaction with several hundred European IoT innovation clusters and points out their points of view on their own creation factors, operational characteristics, and success stories, as well as their expectations in respect to policy interventions for IoT and for clusters. Suggestions for IoT policy-making are provided. The paper has also undertaken an extensive review of up-to date research on innovation cluster creation and performance, thoroughly analyzing the real possibility to define causal relationships between clusters, productivity and economic growth, and business performance, and providing suggestions for policy-makers on the approach to cluster policy.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46430583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Guiding principles to maintain public trust in the use of mobile operator data for policy purposes 为政策目的而使用流动电话营办商资料时，维持公众信任的指导原则

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.21

Ronald Jansen, K. Kovács, S. Esko, Erki Saluveer, Kaja Sõstra, Linus Bengtsson, Tracey Li, W. A. Adewole, Jade Nester, Ayumi Arai, Esperanza Magpantay

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of mobile operator data to support public policy, although without a universal governance framework for its application. This article describes five principles to guide and assist statistical agencies, mobile network operators and intermediary service providers, who are actively working on projects using mobile operator data to support governments in monitoring the effectiveness of its COVID-19 related interventions. These are principles of necessity and proportionality, of professional independence, of privacy protection, of commitment to quality, and of international comparability. Compliance with each of these principles can help maintain public trust in the handling of these sensitive data and their results, and therefore keep citizen support for government policies. Three projects (in Estonia, Ghana, and the Gambia) were described and reviewed with respect to the compliance and applicability of the five principles. Most attention was placed on privacy protection, somewhat at the expense of the quality of the compiled indicators. The necessity and proportionality in the choice of mobile operator data can be very well justified given the need for timely, frequent and granular indicators. Explicitly addressing the five principles in the preparation of a project should give confidence to the statistical agency and its partners, that enough care has been exercised in the set up and implementation of the project, and should convey trust to public and government in the use mobile operator data for policy purposes.

COVID-19大流行加速了移动运营商数据支持公共政策的使用，尽管其应用没有统一的治理框架。本文介绍了指导和协助统计机构、移动网络运营商和中间服务提供商的五项原则，这些机构正在积极开展利用移动运营商数据的项目，以支持政府监测其COVID-19相关干预措施的有效性。这些原则包括必要性和相称性原则、专业独立性原则、隐私保护原则、质量承诺原则和国际可比性原则。遵守这些原则有助于保持公众对处理这些敏感数据及其结果的信任，从而保持公民对政府政策的支持。就五项原则的遵守和适用情况介绍和审查了三个项目(爱沙尼亚、加纳和冈比亚)。大多数注意力放在隐私保护上，在某种程度上牺牲了所编制指标的质量。考虑到需要及时、频繁和精细的指标，选择移动运营商数据的必要性和相称性是非常合理的。在编制项目时明确处理五项原则，应使统计机构及其合作伙伴相信，在项目的设立和执行过程中已足够谨慎，并应向公众和政府传达信任，相信它们将移动运营商的数据用于政策目的。

{"title":"Guiding principles to maintain public trust in the use of mobile operator data for policy purposes","authors":"Ronald Jansen, K. Kovács, S. Esko, Erki Saluveer, Kaja Sõstra, Linus Bengtsson, Tracey Li, W. A. Adewole, Jade Nester, Ayumi Arai, Esperanza Magpantay","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of mobile operator data to support public policy, although without a universal governance framework for its application. This article describes five principles to guide and assist statistical agencies, mobile network operators and intermediary service providers, who are actively working on projects using mobile operator data to support governments in monitoring the effectiveness of its COVID-19 related interventions. These are principles of necessity and proportionality, of professional independence, of privacy protection, of commitment to quality, and of international comparability. Compliance with each of these principles can help maintain public trust in the handling of these sensitive data and their results, and therefore keep citizen support for government policies. Three projects (in Estonia, Ghana, and the Gambia) were described and reviewed with respect to the compliance and applicability of the five principles. Most attention was placed on privacy protection, somewhat at the expense of the quality of the compiled indicators. The necessity and proportionality in the choice of mobile operator data can be very well justified given the need for timely, frequent and granular indicators. Explicitly addressing the five principles in the preparation of a project should give confidence to the statistical agency and its partners, that enough care has been exercised in the set up and implementation of the project, and should convey trust to public and government in the use mobile operator data for policy purposes.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The forgotten preconditions for a well-functioning internet 被遗忘的互联网运行良好的先决条件

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2022.38

Geoffrey Goodell

Abstract For decades, proponents of the Internet have promised that it would one day provide a seamless way for everyone in the world to communicate with each other, without introducing new boundaries, gatekeepers, or power structures. What happened? This article explores the system-level characteristics of a key design feature of the Internet that helped it to achieve widespread adoption, as well as the system-level implications of certain patterns of use that have emerged over the years as a result of that feature. Such patterns include the system-level acceptance of particular authorities, mechanisms that promote and enforce the concentration of power, and network effects that implicitly penalize those who do not comply with decisions taken by privileged actors. We provide examples of these patterns and offer some key observations, toward the development of a general theory of why they emerged despite our best efforts, and we conclude with some suggestions on how we might mitigate the worst outcomes and avoid similar experiences in the future.

几十年来，互联网的支持者一直承诺，总有一天，它会为世界上的每个人提供一种无缝的方式来相互交流，而不需要引入新的边界、看门人或权力结构。发生了什么事?本文探讨了帮助Internet实现广泛采用的一个关键设计特性的系统级特征，以及多年来由于该特性而出现的某些使用模式的系统级含义。这种模式包括系统一级接受特定的权威，促进和执行权力集中的机制，以及隐性惩罚那些不遵守特权行为者所作决定的人的网络效应。我们提供了这些模式的例子，并提供了一些关键的观察结果，以发展一个一般性的理论，解释为什么尽管我们尽了最大的努力，它们还是出现了。我们最后提出了一些建议，告诉我们如何减轻最坏的结果，避免未来出现类似的经历。

引用次数: 0

How data governance technologies can democratize data sharing for community well-being – Corrigendum 数据治理技术如何使数据共享民主化以造福社区——勘误表

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.22

Dan Wu, S. Verhulst, A. Pentland, T. Ávila, Kelsey Finch, Abhishek Gupta

Dan Wu, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Alex Pentland, Thiago Avila, Kelsey Finch and Abhishek Gupta Immuta Inc., College Park, Maryland, USA The GovLab, New York University, New York, New York, USA MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Faculdade Estácio de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil Future of Privacy Forum, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Montreal AI Ethics Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Dan Wu、Stefaan G.Verhulst、Alex Pentland、Thiago Avila、Kelsey Finch和Abhishek Gupta Immuta股份有限公司，美国马里兰州学院公园。GovLab，纽约大学，纽约，纽约，美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室，麻省理工大学，马萨诸塞州剑桥，美国Faculdade Estácio de Alagoas，Maceió，巴西未来隐私论坛，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，美国蒙特利尔人工智能伦理研究所，加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔

引用次数: 1

Using Vodafone mobile phone network data to provide insights into citizens mobility in Italy during the Coronavirus outbreak 利用沃达丰移动电话网络数据，深入了解冠状病毒爆发期间意大利的公民流动性

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.18

Francesco Calabrese, E. Cobelli, Vincenzo Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Misseri, Fabio Pinelli, Daniel Rodriguez

Abstract In this paper, we present the work conducted by Vodafone to enrich the understanding of people movement in Italy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in 2020, and the tool developed to support the decisions taken by the authorities during that period. We have developed a solution to anonymously monitor the daily movements of Vodafone SIMs in Italy, at aggregate level, at different spatial and temporal granularity, to provide insights into the movements of Italians.

摘要在本文中，我们介绍了沃达丰为丰富对2020年冠状病毒爆发期间意大利人员流动的理解而开展的工作，以及为支持当局在此期间做出的决定而开发的工具。我们开发了一种解决方案，以匿名方式监控沃达丰SIM在意大利的日常移动，在不同的空间和时间粒度上，以提供对意大利人移动的见解。

引用次数: 3

Challenges and opportunities in accessing mobile phone data for COVID-19 response in developing countries 发展中国家应对COVID-19获取移动电话数据的挑战和机遇

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.10

S. Milusheva, Anat Lewin, Tania Begazo Gomez, Dunstan Matekenya, Kyla Reid

Abstract Anonymous and aggregated statistics derived from mobile phone data have proven efficacy as a proxy for human mobility in international development work and as inputs to epidemiological modeling of the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Despite the widely accepted promise of such data for better development outcomes, challenges persist in their systematic use across countries. This is not only the case for steady-state development use cases such as in the transport or urban development sectors, but also for sudden-onset emergencies such as epidemics in the health sector or natural disasters in the environment sector. This article documents an effort to gain systematized access to and use of anonymized, aggregated mobile phone data across 41 countries, leading to fruitful collaborations in nine developing countries over the course of one year. The research identifies recurring roadblocks and replicable successes, offers lessons learned, and calls for a bold vision for future successes. An emerging model for a future that enables steady-state access to insights derived from mobile big data - such that they are available over time for development use cases - will require investments in coalition building across multiple stakeholders, including local researchers and organizations, awareness raising of various key players, demand generation and capacity building, creation and adoption of standards to facilitate access to data and their ethical use, an enabling regulatory environment and long-term financing schemes to fund these activities.

摘要来源于手机数据的匿名和汇总统计数据已被证明有效地代表了国际发展工作中的人员流动性，并为新冠肺炎等传染病传播的流行病学建模提供了投入。尽管人们普遍认为这些数据有助于取得更好的发展成果，但各国在系统地使用这些数据方面仍然存在挑战。这不仅适用于运输或城市发展部门等稳态发展用例，也适用于卫生部门的流行病或环境部门的自然灾害等突发紧急情况。本文记录了41个国家为系统化地访问和使用匿名、汇总的手机数据所做的努力，在一年的时间里，在9个发展中国家开展了富有成效的合作。这项研究确定了反复出现的障碍和可复制的成功，提供了经验教训，并呼吁对未来的成功有一个大胆的愿景。一种新兴的未来模式，能够稳定地访问来自移动大数据的见解，以便随着时间的推移，这些见解可用于开发用例，这将需要投资于多个利益相关者的联盟建设，包括当地研究人员和组织，提高各种关键参与者的认识，产生需求和能力建设，制定和采用标准以促进数据的获取及其道德使用，建立有利的监管环境和为这些活动提供资金的长期融资计划。

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in accessing mobile phone data for COVID-19 response in developing countries","authors":"S. Milusheva, Anat Lewin, Tania Begazo Gomez, Dunstan Matekenya, Kyla Reid","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anonymous and aggregated statistics derived from mobile phone data have proven efficacy as a proxy for human mobility in international development work and as inputs to epidemiological modeling of the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Despite the widely accepted promise of such data for better development outcomes, challenges persist in their systematic use across countries. This is not only the case for steady-state development use cases such as in the transport or urban development sectors, but also for sudden-onset emergencies such as epidemics in the health sector or natural disasters in the environment sector. This article documents an effort to gain systematized access to and use of anonymized, aggregated mobile phone data across 41 countries, leading to fruitful collaborations in nine developing countries over the course of one year. The research identifies recurring roadblocks and replicable successes, offers lessons learned, and calls for a bold vision for future successes. An emerging model for a future that enables steady-state access to insights derived from mobile big data - such that they are available over time for development use cases - will require investments in coalition building across multiple stakeholders, including local researchers and organizations, awareness raising of various key players, demand generation and capacity building, creation and adoption of standards to facilitate access to data and their ethical use, an enabling regulatory environment and long-term financing schemes to fund these activities.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44178637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Using mobile big data to support emergency preparedness and address economically vulnerable communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria 在尼日利亚COVID-19大流行期间，利用移动大数据支持应急准备并解决经济脆弱社区的问题

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.12

Jean Charles Gilbert, Olubayo Adekanmbi, C. Harrison

Abstract With the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria in 2020, the Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) instigated a collaboration with MTN Nigeria to develop data-driven insights, using mobile big data (MBD) and other data sources, to shape the planning and response to the pandemic. First, a model was developed to predict the worst-case scenario for infections in each state. This was used to support state-level health committees to make local resource planning decisions. Next, as containment interventions resulted in subsistence/daily paid workers losing their income and ability to buy essential food supplies, NGF and MTN agreed a second phase of activity, to develop insights to understand the population clusters at greatest socioeconomic risk from the impact of the pandemic. This insight was used to promote available financial relief to the economically vulnerable population clusters in Lagos state via the HelpNow crowdfunding initiative. This article discusses how anonymized and aggregated mobile network data (MBD), combined with other data sources, were used to create valuable insights and inform the government, and private business, response to the pandemic in Nigeria. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt. Firstly, how a collaboration with, and support from, the regulator enabled MTN to deliver critical insights at a national scale. Secondly, how the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation and the GSMA COVID-19 Privacy Guidelines provided an initial framework to open the discussion and define the approach. Thirdly, why stakeholder management is critical to the understanding, and application, of insights. Fourthly, how existing relationships ease new project collaborations. Finally, how MTN is developing future preparedness by creating a team that is focused on developing data-driven insights for social good.

随着2020年尼日利亚宣布2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，尼日利亚州长论坛(NGF)与尼日利亚MTN合作，利用移动大数据(MBD)和其他数据源开发数据驱动的见解，以制定大流行的规划和应对措施。首先，开发了一个模型来预测每个州感染的最坏情况。这笔资金用于支持州级卫生委员会制定地方资源规划决策。其次，由于遏制措施导致领取生计/日薪的工人失去收入和购买基本粮食供应的能力，全球发展基金和MTN同意开展第二阶段活动，以深入了解受大流行影响社会经济风险最大的人群。这一见解被用于通过HelpNow众筹倡议促进对拉各斯州经济弱势群体的可用财政救济。本文讨论了匿名和聚合的移动网络数据(MBD)如何与其他数据源相结合，用于创造有价值的见解，并为尼日利亚政府和私营企业应对疫情提供信息。最后，我们讨论经验教训。首先，与监管机构的合作和支持如何使MTN能够在全国范围内提供关键见解。其次，《尼日利亚数据保护条例》和《GSMA COVID-19隐私指南》如何为展开讨论和确定方法提供了初步框架。第三，为什么利益相关者管理对见解的理解和应用至关重要。第四，现有关系如何促进新项目合作。最后，MTN如何通过创建一个专注于为社会利益开发数据驱动的洞察力的团队来为未来做好准备。

{"title":"Using mobile big data to support emergency preparedness and address economically vulnerable communities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria","authors":"Jean Charles Gilbert, Olubayo Adekanmbi, C. Harrison","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria in 2020, the Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) instigated a collaboration with MTN Nigeria to develop data-driven insights, using mobile big data (MBD) and other data sources, to shape the planning and response to the pandemic. First, a model was developed to predict the worst-case scenario for infections in each state. This was used to support state-level health committees to make local resource planning decisions. Next, as containment interventions resulted in subsistence/daily paid workers losing their income and ability to buy essential food supplies, NGF and MTN agreed a second phase of activity, to develop insights to understand the population clusters at greatest socioeconomic risk from the impact of the pandemic. This insight was used to promote available financial relief to the economically vulnerable population clusters in Lagos state via the HelpNow crowdfunding initiative. This article discusses how anonymized and aggregated mobile network data (MBD), combined with other data sources, were used to create valuable insights and inform the government, and private business, response to the pandemic in Nigeria. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt. Firstly, how a collaboration with, and support from, the regulator enabled MTN to deliver critical insights at a national scale. Secondly, how the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation and the GSMA COVID-19 Privacy Guidelines provided an initial framework to open the discussion and define the approach. Thirdly, why stakeholder management is critical to the understanding, and application, of insights. Fourthly, how existing relationships ease new project collaborations. Finally, how MTN is developing future preparedness by creating a team that is focused on developing data-driven insights for social good.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Understanding migrants in COVID-19 counting: Rethinking the data-(in)visibility nexus 了解COVID-19统计中的移民:重新思考数据可见性关系

Data & policy

Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.19

Annalisa Pelizza, S. Milan, Y. Lausberg

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic confronts society with a dilemma between (in)visibility, security, and care. While invisibility might be sought by unregistered and undocumented people, being counted and thus visible during a pandemic is a precondition of existence and care. This article asks whether and how unregistered populations like undocumented migrants should be included in statistics and other “counting” exercises devised to track virus diffusion and its impact. In particular, the paper explores how such inclusion can be just, given that for unregistered people visibility is often associated with surveillance. It also reflects on how policymaking can act upon the relationship between data, visibility, and populations in pragmatic terms. Conversing with science and technology studies and critical data studies, the paper frames the dilemma between (in)visibility and care as an issue of sociotechnical nature and identifies four criteria linked to the sociotechnical characteristics of the data infrastructure enabling visibility. It surveys “counting” initiatives targeting unregistered and undocumented populations undertaken by European countries in the aftermath of the pandemic, and illustrates the medical, economic, and social consequences of invisibility. On the basis of our analysis, we outline four scenarios that articulate the visibility/invisibility binary in novel, nuanced terms, and identify in the “de facto inclusion” scenario the best option for both migrants and the surrounding communities. Finally, we offer policy recommendations to avoid surveillance and overreach and promote instead a more just “de facto” civil inclusion of undocumented populations.

摘要新冠肺炎大流行使社会面临可见性、安全性和护理之间的困境。虽然未登记和无证人员可能会寻求隐形，但在大流行期间被统计并因此可见是生存和护理的先决条件。这篇文章询问，是否以及如何将无证移民等未登记人口纳入统计数据和其他旨在追踪病毒传播及其影响的“计数”活动。特别是，考虑到对未登记的人来说，可见性通常与监控有关，该论文探讨了这种包容是如何公正的。它还反映了政策制定如何从务实的角度对数据、可见性和人口之间的关系采取行动。通过与科学技术研究和关键数据研究的对话，本文将可见性和关怀之间的困境界定为一个社会技术性质的问题，并确定了与数据基础设施的社会技术特征相关的四个标准，以实现可见性。它调查了欧洲国家在疫情后针对未登记和无证人口采取的“计数”举措，并说明了隐形的医疗、经济和社会后果。在我们分析的基础上，我们概述了四种情景，这些情景以新颖、微妙的术语阐明了可见性/不可见性二元，并在“事实上的包容”情景中确定了移民和周围社区的最佳选择。最后，我们提出了政策建议，以避免监视和过度扩张，而是促进对无证人口进行更公正的“事实上”的公民包容。

{"title":"Understanding migrants in COVID-19 counting: Rethinking the data-(in)visibility nexus","authors":"Annalisa Pelizza, S. Milan, Y. Lausberg","doi":"10.1017/dap.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic confronts society with a dilemma between (in)visibility, security, and care. While invisibility might be sought by unregistered and undocumented people, being counted and thus visible during a pandemic is a precondition of existence and care. This article asks whether and how unregistered populations like undocumented migrants should be included in statistics and other “counting” exercises devised to track virus diffusion and its impact. In particular, the paper explores how such inclusion can be just, given that for unregistered people visibility is often associated with surveillance. It also reflects on how policymaking can act upon the relationship between data, visibility, and populations in pragmatic terms. Conversing with science and technology studies and critical data studies, the paper frames the dilemma between (in)visibility and care as an issue of sociotechnical nature and identifies four criteria linked to the sociotechnical characteristics of the data infrastructure enabling visibility. It surveys “counting” initiatives targeting unregistered and undocumented populations undertaken by European countries in the aftermath of the pandemic, and illustrates the medical, economic, and social consequences of invisibility. On the basis of our analysis, we outline four scenarios that articulate the visibility/invisibility binary in novel, nuanced terms, and identify in the “de facto inclusion” scenario the best option for both migrants and the surrounding communities. Finally, we offer policy recommendations to avoid surveillance and overreach and promote instead a more just “de facto” civil inclusion of undocumented populations.","PeriodicalId":93427,"journal":{"name":"Data & policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1