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Note To The Open Field Site Characterization 露天场地特征说明
B. Livshits, K. Harpell
Aktract-This paper presents results of the characterization of five different, qualified Open Area Test Sites (OATS). These sites were evaluated using the site attenuation procedure from MP-4 [l] and a large EUT. Significant deviations in the emissions levels from the EUT were observed. These were found to correlate with the deviation in the height of the receive antenna in the site attenuation procedure relative to the theoretical height. It is recommended that the deviation of the receiver antenna elevation be calculated during site attenuation measurements. . This parameter may be used to quantify the anomalies of the OATS, give an objective measure of site to site repeatability and validate the volumetric site attenuation process.
摘要:本文介绍了五个不同的、合格的开放区域测试站点(OATS)的特性分析结果。使用MP-4[1]的位点衰减程序和大EUT对这些位点进行评估。观察到排放水平与EUT的显著偏差。发现这些与接收天线在站点衰减过程中相对于理论高度的高度偏差有关。建议在测量站点衰减时计算接收天线的仰角偏差。该参数可用于量化OATS的异常,给出站点到站点可重复性的客观度量,并验证体积站点衰减过程。
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引用次数: 0
EMC Conducteyi Interference Clicks Produced By Household Appliances And Similars. Comparison Between Different Measuring Devices. 家用电器及类似产品产生的电磁兼容电导干扰咔嗒声。不同测量装置的比较。
R. Guirado, M. Valcarcel, J. Carpio, F. Garnacho, A. Valladolid
In this paper the results of the comparison between three different discontinuous interference measuring devices, used in household appliances and similar testing, are shown. Conclusions are made with respect to the device under test, test times, reliability and equipment costs. The basic configuration of these equipment are: CISPR standard measuring receiver and oscilloscope, CISPR standard measuring receiver and automatic discontinuous interference analyzer and spectrum analyzer and automatic discontinuous interference analyzer.
本文给出了三种不同的家用电器间断性干扰测量装置和类似测试装置的比较结果。对待测设备、试验次数、可靠性和设备成本等方面进行了总结。这些设备的基本配置是:CISPR标准测量接收机和示波器、CISPR标准测量接收机和自动断续干扰分析仪、频谱分析仪和自动断续干扰分析仪。
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引用次数: 0
New spherical dipole source 新的球形偶极子源
G. Koepke, L. D. Driver, K. Cavcey, Keith D. Masterson, R. Johnk, Motohisa Kanda
We have developed a spherical dipole electromagnetic source that can be characterized both by theory and experiment and integrated into modern automated test systems. The frequency and amplitude of the radiated electromagnetic field are established remotely using a signal generator. This signal and all other control features are transmitted to and from the sphere using optical fiber cable. The field measurements show good agreement with predictions over much of the frequency band.
我们已经开发了一种球形偶极子电磁源,可以通过理论和实验来表征,并集成到现代自动化测试系统中。利用信号发生器远程确定辐射电磁场的频率和幅值。该信号和所有其他控制特征通过光纤电缆传输到球体和球体之间。现场测量结果与预测结果在大部分频带上吻合良好。
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引用次数: 4
Ualification Of Radiated EMI Test Sites Using Statistical Methods 用统计方法对辐射电磁干扰试验场进行鉴定
J. DeMarinis
Evolving standards (ie: ANSI '263.4) regarding the qualification of Radiated EM1 Test Sites could cause the disqualification of many existing test facilities. A solution is needed, which is both technically and economically sound. This paper suggests that the present criteria for Radiated EM1 Test Site acceptance based on absolute limits of Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) error, could be replaced by the concept of a Safety Factor (or Site Uncertainty Factor) derived from statistical processing of Volumetric NSA data. Among the issues explored, are repeatability of Volumetric NSA measurements and an examination of the robustness of various statistical processing algorithms under the stress of NSA measurement variability. A specific algorithm is recommended.
不断发展的标准(如:ANSI '263.4)关于辐射EM1试验场的资格可能导致许多现有测试设施的资格取消。我们需要一个既在技术上又在经济上合理的解决方案。本文认为,现有的基于归一化场址衰减(NSA)误差绝对限值的辐射EM1试验场验收标准可以被基于体积NSA数据统计处理的安全系数(或场址不确定系数)的概念所取代。在探讨的问题中,包括体积NSA测量的可重复性,以及在NSA测量变异性的压力下各种统计处理算法的鲁棒性检验。建议使用具体的算法。
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引用次数: 3
A New Standard Radiator For Shielding Effectiveness Measurements 屏蔽效能测量的新标准辐射器
B. Archambeault, M. Seth
The lack of a standard emission source make shielding effectiveness measurements difficult to perform with any degree of repeatability. This lack of repeatability tends to make EM1 engineers reluctant to place too much reliance on shielding effectiveness measurements. This paper describes a new standard radiator that can be used in making shielding effectiveness measurements that are repeatable. This source is physically small, battery powered, and operates over a frequency range of 10 MHz to >1 GHz. The radiator produces a standard dipole radiation pattern, and radiates sufficient energy to test most shielded enclosures. Introduction The need to predict the performance of an EM1 shielded device has become more important than ever. As the speed of computers and other devices increase, existing 'rule-of-thumb' shielding designs are no longer sufficient. Traditional methods to quantify the effectiveness of designs to control EM1 are becoming outmoded. One of the major contributors to this problem is measuring the performance of shielded enclosures or boxes. It is becoming accepted throughout the industry that shielding effectiveness measurements have limited use. However, shielding effectiveness measurements continue to be used by many people as a measure of 'goodness' of a particular shielded enclosure or box. This paper will describe a new standard source that may be used in evaluating the shielding effectiveness of enclosures. It will also discuss some of the problems associated with shielding effectiveness measurements and show how this new radiator improves the the repeatability of measurements. This new standard radiator was developed 'ointly between the National Institute of Standards and Tecknology (NIST), the U.S. Navy, and Digital Equipment Corporation. This new radiator is physically small (IO cm diameter), battery operated, operates over a frequency range of 10 MHz to above 1 GHz, and has no metal connection between the radiator element and the control unit. Di ita1 has successfully used this radiator to correlate the &AI performance changes with enclosure modifications, for both large and small enclosures. Shieldina Effectiveness The term 'Shielding Effectiveness' is commonly misused by most engineers and managers. Shielding effectiveness is really a relative term, having meaning only when Mark Seth Seth Industries, Inc. two similar constructions are compared. Unfortunately, they have become very familiar with the term, and they feel very comfortable using shielding effectiveness values without considering the difference between the tested configuration and the target configuration. It is not uncommon for an engineer to measure the radiation from a particular circuit board, note the difference between the received level and the desired limit, and decide on the number of dB of shielding effectiveness needed to meet the desired limit. Since the presence of the shield will change the radiation source characteristics, and since the shieldi
Ch3169-0/92/0000-0052 $3.00 01992 ieee 256如果辐射天线太大,那么屏蔽和天线之间的相互作用(有效加载天线)将导致传递到天线的能量与期望值之间的巨大差异。3.从外壳到屏蔽测试室墙壁(或发电机)的同轴电缆可能“泄漏”,导致有效屏蔽效果降低。41. 通常,使用了错误的辐射源。一些配置将使用喇叭天线作为源,但EM1的实际源很少表现得像平面波一样好。一些配置使用电线串在外壳内作为源,但没有考虑到“天线”的阻抗,所以这个天线发射的实际能量作为频率的函数会有很大的变化。E;。有些配置需要在外壳内放置一个大型射频发生器,这使得这种设置对于小于完整机柜的任何东西都不切实际。许多配置对enc: closed中的物理设置非常敏感,结果无法复制。所有这些因素使得EM1工程师不愿意高度自信地使用屏蔽效能测试结果。这些问题都是可以克服的,但是源必须物理上小,电隔离,并且电磁性能良好。这种源是存在的,在测试屏蔽机柜、外壳和盒子时,应将其作为通用屏蔽效能源。标准偶极子散热器(standard Dipole Radiator, SDR)是一种小尺寸(10cm)的电隔离源。当使用SDR时,与典型辐射源相关的许多问题都被消除了。SDR系统如图1和图2所示,由以下部分组成:41球体(天线)4)连接光纤电缆的控制单元球体是辐射元件或天线。用于发展标准场的电路和电源包含在球体的核心中。控制单元为球体提供调制激光信号并提供监视器读数。控制单元通过光纤电缆连接到球体,光纤电缆在球体和控制单元之间提供电气隔离。图3显示了SDR系统的框图。
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引用次数: 1
Performing statistical ESD tests using the new ANSI C63.1 6-1991 guide for ESD test methodologies 使用新的ANSI C63.1 6-1991 ESD测试方法指南执行统计ESD测试
T.J. Ritenour, F. Gisin
Mean Time Between Undesired Response (MTBUR) is a statistically based figure of merit that quantitatively defines how well a product will perform in a given operating environment. It represents a fundamental departure from the more traditional methods of interpreting ESD test results (e.g. IEC 801-2) where a fixed number of simulated discharges are used to determine compliance. This paper examines how the probabilistic aspects of ESD events, variations in product responses to ESD events, and statistical sampling methods are used in Method B of the new ANSI C63.16-1991 ESD test guide to obtain a product's MTBUR. Examples of results from actual product tests are used to show how Method B is used to find MTBUR.
平均不良反应间隔时间(Mean Time Between unexpected Response, MTBUR)是一个基于统计的价值指标,它定量地定义了产品在给定操作环境中的表现。它从根本上背离了更传统的解释ESD测试结果的方法(例如IEC 801-2),其中使用固定数量的模拟放电来确定合规性。本文研究了如何在新的ANSI C63.16-1991 ESD测试指南的方法B中使用ESD事件的概率方面,产品对ESD事件的响应变化以及统计抽样方法来获得产品的MTBUR。本文使用实际产品测试结果的示例来说明如何使用方法B来查找MTBUR。
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引用次数: 2
Susceptibility Mapping 易感性的映射
S. Zaky, K. Balmain, G. Dubois
The concept of susceptibility mapping is introduced. A susceptibility map is created by scanning a signal source (loop antenna) over a circuit board, and at each point raising the signal level until failure occurs. Maps obtained with CW EM1 reveal design problems such as tight circuit timing or small static noise margins. They also reveal manufacturing problems, such as bad contacts and faulty chips. This leads to the concept of electromagnetic stress testing. Maps obtained with transient EM1 require tight synchronization for repeatability and are useful in studying specific software-dependent failures.
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引用次数: 21
Measurement Of Surface Transfer Impedance Of Multi-wire Cables, Connectors And Cable Assemblies 多线电缆、连接器和电缆组件表面传输阻抗的测量
L. Hoeft, J. Hofstra
The surface transfer impedance of multi-wire cables and cable assemblies can be measured using techniques that are adaptations of those used to characterize simple coaxial samples. Surface transfer impedance measurements of multi-wire cables are generally less ideal than those of simple coaxial samples, but they are generally adequate for characterizing the overall quality of the cable's shield. At low frequencies or when the sample is electrically short, the measurements of multi-wire cable assemblies are equivalent to simpler samples. Geometric and material nonuniformities introduce uncertainties in the high frequency measurements. Since multi-wire cables have many possible configurations, it is important to remember to measure the properties of the shield, not the wires.
多线电缆和电缆组件的表面传输阻抗可以使用对用于表征简单同轴样品的技术进行改进的技术来测量。多导线电缆的表面传输阻抗测量通常不如简单同轴样品的测量理想,但它们通常足以表征电缆屏蔽的整体质量。在低频或样品电短时,多线电缆组件的测量相当于更简单的样品。几何和材料的不均匀性给高频测量带来了不确定性。由于多线电缆有许多可能的配置,重要的是要记住测量屏蔽的属性,而不是电线的属性。
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引用次数: 18
A critical evaluation of uncertainties associated with the ANSI C63.5 antenna calibration method and a proposal for improvements 对与ANSI C63.5天线校准方法相关的不确定性进行了关键评估并提出了改进建议
H. Garn, W. Mullner, H. Kremser
We lhave investigated possible sources of uncertainties in antenna Iictors determined per ANSI C63.S. standard site method. Errors (:ai pnrticularly occur due to height-dependent antenna factors in the r'requericy ratige o f 30-200 MHz. Suggested improvements iiiclude I he use of i i n "antenna 2" having a height-independent antenna factor. selection of the assignment of "antenna 1 ". "2" and "3" to the iiiitenna under calibration directed to the specific application. tletei~tnination of antenn;i factors as functions of polarization and height above ground. and use of higher frequency resolution.
我们已经调查了根据ANSI C63.S确定的天线矢量中可能的不确定性来源。标准现场方法。在频率范围为30- 200mhz的情况下,高度相关的天线因素尤其会产生误差。建议的改进包括在具有与高度无关的天线因子的“天线2”中使用I I I。选择“天线1”的分配。“2”和“3”到被校准的天线,指向特定的应用。天线的偏振度。偏振度和离地高度的函数。并使用更高的频率分辨率。
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引用次数: 15
Transient Response Of A Wedge With Two-face Impedances: A Uniform Time-donfafn GTD Solution And Applications 具有两面阻抗的楔体的瞬态响应:一种均匀的非时变GTD解及其应用
A. Bhattacharyya
The problem of transient electromagnetic scattering from a plane wedge with arbitrary impedances on the two faces is addressed in this presentation. Analytical formulations have been developed for the transient response of the wedge based on the time-domain version of the frequency domain diffraction coefficient for the wedge with two face impedances originally presented by Tiberio and his coworkers (1985). The bistatic fields due to such an impedance weldge have been plotted for arbitrary wedge angles, polarizations and surface impedances. The special case of time domain scattering of the impedance half plane, impedance full plane and an impedance right-angled wedge have also been treated. The analysis has been applied in a practical example of time domain scattering from a two-face impedance and a coated plate.
本文讨论了具有任意阻抗的平面楔体的瞬态电磁散射问题。基于Tiberio和他的同事(1985)最初提出的具有两个面阻抗的楔形的频域衍射系数的时域版本,已经开发了楔形瞬态响应的解析公式。由于这种阻抗焊接的双基地场已经绘制了任意楔角,极化和表面阻抗。讨论了阻抗半平面、阻抗全平面和直角楔形的时域散射情况。该分析已应用于双面阻抗和镀膜板的时域散射实例。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility : [proceedings]. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
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