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Traditional Media, Twitter, and Four Business Scandals 传统媒体、推特和四大商业丑闻
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.016
John Jiang, Michael Shen
We examine how traditional media and Twitter cover four business scandals: Wells Fargo fake accounts, EpiPen pricing hikes, Samsung Note 7 faulty battery, and Volkswagen’s cheating in emission tests. There are over 500 articles from The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and USA Today, and over 400,000 tweets related to these events. We find that traditional media are highly influential. Media organizations, including newspapers, TV networks, and other media outlets, only sent 1% of the scandal-related tweets, but they account for 39% of Twitter users who follow all scandal-related tweets. Newspaper articles rather than individual tweets drew politicians’ attention and preceded additional responses from the troubled firms. The troubled firms also choose TV instead of social media to speak to the public. In contrast, social media appear to play a discovery role. Individual tweets precede newspaper articles but not vice versa. Overall, we conclude that the rise of social media such as Twitter does not diminish the role of traditional media in covering business scandals.
我们研究了传统媒体和Twitter是如何报道四起商业丑闻的:富国银行(Wells Fargo)虚假账户、EpiPen价格上涨、三星Note 7电池问题以及大众汽车(Volkswagen)排放测试作弊。来自《华尔街日报》、《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》和《今日美国》的500多篇文章,以及超过40万条与这些事件相关的推文。我们发现传统媒体具有很强的影响力。媒体机构,包括报纸、电视网络和其他媒体,只发送了1%的丑闻相关推文,但他们却占了关注所有丑闻相关推文的Twitter用户的39%。报纸上的文章而不是个人的推文引起了政客们的注意,并引发了陷入困境的公司的进一步回应。陷入困境的公司还选择电视而不是社交媒体来与公众对话。相比之下,社交媒体似乎起到了发现的作用。个人推文先于报纸文章,而不是相反。总的来说,我们得出的结论是,Twitter等社交媒体的兴起并没有削弱传统媒体在报道商业丑闻方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
“CNN Can Kiss My As$” “CNN可以亲我的屁股”
Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.015
Andrea Lorenz, Carolyn Schmitt, Shannon McGregor, Daniel Malmer
News consumption in the United States is polarized and fragmented, with an abundance of partisan news publications appealing to political identities on both the left and the right. Yet, there is an abundance of hyperpartisan news on the right, the content of which has been shown to be harmful to democracy. This study captures one of the most comprehensive pictures to date of the U.S. Americans who consume far-right media and makes connections between such media use and the state of American democracy. After a lengthy data-cleaning process, we analyzed open-ended survey responses from a nationally representative sample of more than 10,000 U.S. American adults, finding that nearly ten percent self-report at least one far-right news outlet as a primary news source. Furthermore, significantly more U.S. Americans report consuming far-right and moderate-right news outlets than counterparts on the left. We then examined the characteristics of this small but significant group, given the current political climate in the United States, finding that far-right news consumers are overwhelmingly white, male, Republican, Christian, and without a college degree. This study reinforces previous findings that patterns in hyperpartisan media usage demonstrate growing extremism in the U.S., and that it is deeply rooted in identity.
美国的新闻消费是两极化和碎片化的,大量的党派新闻出版物吸引了左翼和右翼的政治认同。然而,有大量关于右翼的极端党派新闻,其内容已被证明对民主有害。这项研究捕捉了迄今为止最全面的美国人消费极右翼媒体的画面之一,并将这种媒体的使用与美国民主状况联系起来。经过漫长的数据清理过程,我们分析了来自1万多名美国成年人的全国代表性样本的开放式调查反馈,发现近10%的人自我报告至少有一个极右翼新闻媒体是主要的新闻来源。此外,与左翼的美国人相比,更多的美国人表示他们会阅读极右翼和中右翼的新闻媒体。然后,考虑到美国当前的政治气候,我们研究了这个人数不多但意义重大的群体的特征,发现极右翼新闻消费者绝大多数是白人、男性、共和党人、基督徒,而且没有大学学位。这项研究强化了之前的发现,即超党派媒体的使用模式表明,美国的极端主义正在增长,而且这种极端主义深深植根于身份认同。
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引用次数: 0
Domain-specific influence on Facebook: How topic matters when assessing influential accounts in four countries 特定领域对Facebook的影响:在评估四个国家有影响力的账户时,主题是如何起作用的
Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.014
Camila Mont’Alverne, Amy A. Ross Arguedas, Sumitra Badrinathan, Benjamin Toff, R. Fletcher, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
Against the backdrop of rising concern over misinformation and disinformation, a growing number of studies have considered the important role played by influential social media accounts when particular news stories attract attention online—with special attention given to Facebook, the most widely-used social network for news. However, little is known about what kinds of accounts are among the most influential information curators on Facebook, and where news organizations fit into this broader landscape. In this study, we examine how influence on Facebook plays out across different national contexts and different topics. We draw on a unique dataset from CrowdTangle, sampling over a six-month period in 2021 across four countries (Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We compare what kinds of sources (e.g., news organizations, politicians, or other kinds of influential accounts and groups) are among the most influential accounts in each location when it comes to three specific subjects: COVID-19, political leaders in each country, and climate change—which we also compare to general queries that do not specify a subject domain. Our findings show that the types of influential accounts on Facebook vary considerably by subject domain and country. News media accounts are among the largest share of these influential accounts in each country, but not necessarily the types of news media organizations presumed to be most influential offline.
在对错误信息和虚假信息日益关注的背景下,越来越多的研究考虑到当特定新闻故事在网上引起关注时,有影响力的社交媒体账户所起的重要作用,其中特别关注的是使用最广泛的新闻社交网络Facebook。然而,对于Facebook上最有影响力的信息管理者中有哪些账户,以及新闻机构在这一更广泛的格局中处于何种地位,人们知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们研究了对Facebook的影响如何在不同的国家背景和不同的主题中发挥作用。我们利用了CrowdTangle的独特数据集,在2021年的六个月时间里对四个国家(巴西、印度、英国和美国)进行了采样。当涉及三个特定主题时,我们比较了哪些类型的来源(例如,新闻机构,政治家或其他类型的有影响力的账户和团体)是每个地区最具影响力的账户:COVID-19,每个国家的政治领导人和气候变化-我们也将其与未指定主题领域的一般查询进行比较。我们的研究结果表明,Facebook上有影响力的账户类型因学科领域和国家而有很大差异。在每个国家,新闻媒体账户在这些有影响力的账户中所占比例最大,但不一定是被认为在线下最有影响力的新闻媒体组织类型。
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引用次数: 0
Testing, Testing: Identifying Contemporary Analytics Practices in Digital Politics 测试,测试:识别数字政治中的当代分析实践
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.012
Katherine Haenschen, Carl Cilke, Alise Boal
Digital analytics in contemporary politics receives tremendous attention from the media and has been the focus of a great deal of research over the last two decades. However, the actual practices that characterize work in the field often fail to receive sufficient attention. This paper presents the results of a quantitative content analysis describing the contents of 39 digital analytics case studies reporting the results of 68 individual A/B tests to learn about testing practices as they exist at high levels in contemporary U.S. politics. We find an emphasis on email and website testing, predominantly focused on fundraising and engagement outcomes. Our findings illuminate the mundane but substantive impacts of testing, which are predominantly focused on improving fundraising and email performance. Since firms made these case studies publicly available on their website, they also serve as marketing materials. In this manner we can understand how the practice of analytics is sold to political organizations looking to engage in digital testing.
当代政治中的数字分析受到了媒体的极大关注,并且在过去二十年中成为大量研究的焦点。然而,作为该领域工作特征的实际做法往往没有得到足够的重视。本文介绍了定量内容分析的结果,描述了39个数字分析案例研究的内容,报告了68个单独的a /B测试的结果,以了解测试实践,因为它们存在于当代美国政治的高水平。我们发现电子邮件和网站测试是重点,主要关注筹款和参与结果。我们的研究结果阐明了测试的平凡但实质性的影响,主要集中在提高筹款和电子邮件的表现上。由于公司在其网站上公开了这些案例研究,它们也可以作为营销材料。通过这种方式,我们可以理解分析实践是如何出售给希望参与数字测试的政治组织的。
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引用次数: 0
Political Discourse in China: How Does China Frame Hong Kong Protests to Its Domestic Audience? 中国的政治话语:中国如何向国内观众描述香港抗议活动?
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.013
Yufan Yang
The Hong Kong pro-democracy protests, starting from June 9, 2019, have presented a challenge to the Chinese regime. How has Chinese official media responded to this crisis on the internet? How has the regime framed the anti-regime protests to its mainland audience? In this paper, I describe the strategies used by the Chinese propaganda apparatus to enhance regime resilience. Using text analysis and data collected from Chinese official media, I show that China uses three main discursive devices in reporting on the Hong Kong protests to its domestic audience. First, the regime draws a clear line between in-group and out-group members. Second, the regime tries to promote internal solidarity by emphasizing unifying values such as nationalism and patriotism among in-group members to prevent influence from out-group members. Finally, the regime presents an external enemy to its domestic audience. In addition, using data collected from The New York Times, I also show a comparison between the Western framing and the Chinese framing of the movement.
从2019年6月9日开始的香港民主抗议活动是对中国政权的挑战。中国官方媒体如何回应互联网上的这场危机?当局是如何向大陆观众描述反政府抗议活动的?在本文中,我描述了中国宣传机构用来增强政权弹性的策略。通过文本分析和从中国官方媒体收集的数据,我表明中国在向国内观众报道香港抗议活动时使用了三种主要的话语手段。首先,该政权在群体内和群体外成员之间划清了界限。其次,通过强调民族主义、爱国主义等统一价值观,防止外部势力的影响,促进内部团结。最后,该政权向其国内观众呈现了一个外部敌人。此外,我还利用从《纽约时报》收集的数据,对该运动的西方框架和中国框架进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Tweeting Public Service Complaints 发推特抱怨公共服务
Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.011
William O’Brochta
Many local governments have added new methods to report public service complaints like submitting a complaint on Twitter, hoping to expand access to more constituents. But who submits Twitter complaints, and how do those complaints compare to those submitted using other methods? I collect data on complaints submitted to the City of St. Louis and use these data to show that complaints submitted on Twitter are primarily from wealthy white residents concerned about issues related to parks or to their commutes. These types of complaints differ sharply from those submitted using other methods. Hence this descriptive evidence lends credence to the idea that providing a Twitter account to submit complaints may not expand access to local government services as much as previously thought. Local governments may want to carefully consider how the methods that they provide to submit public service complaints could help to determine the types of complaints they are likely to receive.
许多地方政府已经增加了新的方式来报告公共服务投诉,比如在Twitter上提交投诉,希望扩大到更多的选民。但是,谁提交Twitter投诉?这些投诉与使用其他方式提交的投诉相比如何?我收集了提交给圣路易斯市(City of St. Louis)的投诉数据,并利用这些数据表明,在Twitter上提交的投诉主要来自富裕的白人居民,他们担心与公园或通勤有关的问题。这些类型的投诉与使用其他方法提出的投诉大不相同。因此,这一描述性证据支持了这样一种观点,即提供一个Twitter账户来提交投诉,可能不会像之前想象的那样扩大获得地方政府服务的机会。地方政府可能需要仔细考虑他们提供的提交公共服务投诉的方法如何有助于确定他们可能收到的投诉类型。
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引用次数: 0
News sharing as a measure of media alignment 新闻分享是衡量媒体一致性的一种方式
Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.010
Gábor Simonovits, Ádám Vig
In this note we introduce a new approach to measure media alignment derived from the story-sharing behavior of journalists. We use a large corpus of online news stories from two leading Hungarian news sites and estimate alignment scores for a large number of outlets that they cite. To the extent that journalists are more likely to cite ideologically proximate sources, our measure can be used to compare a large number of media outlets on a political — in our case government vs. independent — space. We demonstrate the use of this approach with two empirical applications. First, we show that our alignment scores successfully capture known ideological variation across outlets at a single point in time. Second, we demonstrate that quarterly estimates of alignment for a captured outlet change dramatically following an abrupt change in ownership.
在这篇文章中,我们介绍了一种新的方法来衡量媒体的一致性,这种一致性来源于记者的故事分享行为。我们使用来自两个领先的匈牙利新闻网站的大量在线新闻故事语料库,并估计他们引用的大量网点的对齐分数。在某种程度上,记者更有可能引用意识形态上接近的消息来源,我们的衡量标准可以用来比较政治空间上的大量媒体——在我们的例子中是政府与独立空间。我们用两个实证应用来证明这种方法的使用。首先,我们证明了我们的一致性得分成功地捕获了在单一时间点上不同出口的已知意识形态差异。其次,我们证明了在所有权突然变化之后,捕获的出口的季度对齐估计会发生巨大变化。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Digital Wellness Content 绘制数字健康内容
Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.009
Sedona Chinn, Ariel Hasell, Dan Hiaeshutter-Rice
Despite the increasing popularity of wellness on social media, there islittle empirical study of its content or audiences. This study providesdescriptive information of prevalent themes in wellness content and thecomposition and views of its audiences. Using structural topic modeling toidentify central themes #wellness content on Instagram (N = 544,377posts), we find that while much content appears to promote desired healthbehaviors (e.g., quality sleep), other topics concern unsubstantiated claimsthat are often driven by commercial incentives. Nationally representativesurvey data of U.S. adults (N = 970) further reveals that women, moreliberal, and younger people are more likely to seek and see wellnesscontent. Those who actively seek wellness content are both more trustingof science institutions and have less accurate health beliefs compared withthose who are inadvertently exposed to wellness content. Though wellnesshas not received a great deal of scholarly attention, this description shedslight on the relevance of wellness to central questions in communicationdisciplines concerning expertise, (mis)information, and institutional trust. The popularity of wellness content in social media merits further empiricalexamination as such content may have important benefits and harms thatdisproportionately affect women and young people.
尽管社交媒体上的健康话题越来越受欢迎,但对其内容或受众的实证研究却很少。本研究提供了健康内容中流行主题的描述性信息,以及其受众的组成和观点。使用结构主题模型来确定Instagram上的核心主题#健康内容(N = 544,377个帖子),我们发现,虽然许多内容似乎促进了理想的健康行为(例如,高质量的睡眠),但其他主题涉及未经证实的主张,这些主张通常是由商业动机驱动的。一项针对美国成年人的全国代表性调查数据(N = 970)进一步显示,更自由的女性和年轻人更有可能寻求和看到健康内容。与那些无意中接触到健康内容的人相比,那些积极寻求健康内容的人更信任科学机构,但对健康的信念却不那么准确。尽管健康并没有得到大量的学术关注,但这种描述对健康与沟通学科中有关专业知识、(错误)信息和机构信任的核心问题的相关性有轻微的影响。社交媒体上健康内容的流行值得进一步的实证检验,因为这些内容可能有重要的好处和坏处,对女性和年轻人的影响尤其大。
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引用次数: 1
Who speaks and who is heard on Facebook? Political mobilization and engagement patterns of partisanship and gender in Switzerland’s direct democracy 谁在Facebook上发言,谁被听到?瑞士直接民主中党派和性别的政治动员和参与模式
Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.008
Julian Maitra, Regula Hänggli
This descriptive study investigates political mobilization and user engagement patterns on Facebook and associated partisan and gender discrepancies. It focuses on Switzerland, where political actors frequently seek to mobilize and shape citizens’ opinions before direct-democratic voting on wide-ranging policy issues. Using digital trace data from CrowdTangle, the analysis focuses on the posting frequency and received user interactions of 770 Swiss political actors’ Facebook pages. The analysis period covers 20 months, from November 2019 to July 2021, during which five popular votes occurred, and the sampled FB pages published more than 226,000 posts and received more than 18,000,000 user interactions. A descriptive quantitative analysis and a multiple regression analysis revealed an overall skewed pattern: Mobilization and user engagement are driven by small subsets of highly active and interacted-with FB pages. A few FB pages of the right-wing Swiss People’s Party and male politicians receive highly disproportionate user engagement – relative to more centrist parties and female politicians – but also relative to their electoral share in the national parliament. The results show that only a few dominant political voices are widely heard on Facebook, even if many speak. These insights are of interest beyond Switzerland, as Facebook and other social media platforms shape political discourse across liberal democracies.
这项描述性研究调查了Facebook上的政治动员和用户参与模式,以及相关的党派和性别差异。它的重点是瑞士,在那里,政治行为者经常寻求在就广泛的政策问题进行直接民主投票之前动员和塑造公民的意见。利用CrowdTangle的数字跟踪数据,分析了770名瑞士政治人物的Facebook页面的发布频率和收到的用户互动。分析期为20个月,从2019年11月到2021年7月,在此期间发生了五次民众投票,抽样的FB页面发布了22.6万多条帖子,收到了超过1800万次用户互动。描述性定量分析和多元回归分析揭示了一个整体的倾斜模式:动员和用户参与是由一小部分高度活跃和互动的FB页面驱动的。右翼的瑞士人民党(Swiss People’s Party)和男性政客在facebook上的几个页面获得了不成比例的用户参与度——相对于更中立的政党和女性政客而言——但也相对于他们在国家议会中的选举份额而言。结果显示,只有少数占主导地位的政治声音在Facebook上被广泛听到,即使很多人都在发言。随着Facebook和其他社交媒体平台在自由民主国家塑造政治话语,这些见解引起了瑞士以外国家的兴趣。
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引用次数: 1
What Makes News Sharable on Social Media? 是什么让新闻可以在社交媒体上分享?
Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.51685/jqd.2023.007
Xi Chen, Gordon Pennycook, David Rand
With the rise of social media, everyone has the potential to be both a consumer and producer of online content. Although one might assume that people share news because they believe it to be true, worldwide concerns about the spread of misinformation suggest that truthfulness may not be a dominant driver of sharing online. Across three studies (total N=4,786), we investigate what content dimensions are associated with social media sharing intentions for a wide range of news headlines. When we examine the relationships between content dimensions using factor analysis, we consistently find separate factors capturing perceived accuracy and evocativeness. The perceived accuracy factor was positively correlated with both sharing intentions and the headline’s objective veracity. However, while the evocativeness factor was also positively correlated with sharing intentions, it was consistently negatively correlated with the headline’s objective veracity.
随着社交媒体的兴起,每个人都有可能成为在线内容的消费者和生产者。尽管人们可能会认为人们分享新闻是因为他们相信它是真实的,但全世界对错误信息传播的担忧表明,真实性可能不是在线分享的主要驱动因素。在三项研究中(总N=4,786),我们调查了哪些内容维度与广泛的新闻标题的社交媒体分享意图相关。当我们使用因子分析检查内容维度之间的关系时,我们一致发现捕获感知准确性和唤起性的单独因素。感知准确性因子与分享意图和标题客观真实性均呈正相关。然而,虽然唤起性因素也与分享意图呈正相关,但它与标题的客观真实性始终呈负相关。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of quantitative description: digital media
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