In spite of vaccinal prevention, measles remains one of burning issues of public health service in Ukraine and Lviv region. According to statistics, increased measles cases in Ukraine is observing each 5-6 years. The predominant cause of incidence across the population is low preventive vaccination [3]. During 2017-2018-2019 in Lviv region there is the complicated epidemiological situation with measles incidence. In 2017 in Lviv region only 92 measles cases were recorded, but in 2018 11 474 cases (451.54 per 100 thousand people). Among the number of the diseased 8243 (72%) constitutes children. During 6 months in 2019, 6 024 people have diseased, including 4126 children, 1898 adults (218.62 per 100 thousand people). Among diseased children 73.7 % was not vaccinated according to the existing Calendar of Preventive Vaccination. 4 fatal cases have been recorded (2 in 2018 and 2 in 2019).
{"title":"Incidence of Measles Across the Population in Lviv Region in Ukraine","authors":"N. Ivanchenko, Mariann Veres, N. Gonchar","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1065","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of vaccinal prevention, measles remains one of burning issues of public health service in Ukraine and Lviv region. According to statistics, increased measles cases in Ukraine is observing each 5-6 years. The predominant cause of incidence across the population is low preventive vaccination [3]. During 2017-2018-2019 in Lviv region there is the complicated epidemiological situation with measles incidence. In 2017 in Lviv region only 92 measles cases were recorded, but in 2018 11 474 cases (451.54 per 100 thousand people). Among the number of the diseased 8243 (72%) constitutes children. During 6 months in 2019, 6 024 people have diseased, including 4126 children, 1898 adults (218.62 per 100 thousand people). Among diseased children 73.7 % was not vaccinated according to the existing Calendar of Preventive Vaccination. 4 fatal cases have been recorded (2 in 2018 and 2 in 2019).","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organ Shortage- A Health Social Crisis. Causes, Outcomes and Proposals","authors":"F. Cantarovich","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42119041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M., Freitas Henriques D, Abreu Lima J, C. L, Muigg N, K. O, Saschenbrecker S, Schlumberger W, S. K.
{"title":"Evaluation of A Novel IgM Screening Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Detection of Mayaro Virus-Infected Patients","authors":"M. M., Freitas Henriques D, Abreu Lima J, C. L, Muigg N, K. O, Saschenbrecker S, Schlumberger W, S. K.","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabisonia T, G. I, Topuria Nakaidze N, Loladze M, C. N, N. M, E. T, Kalandarishvili T, Tamarashvili N, Katamadze T
{"title":"Characterization of New Bacteriophages of Salmonella and Shigella For Polivalent Intestinal “Enco Bacterophage” Preparation","authors":"Gabisonia T, G. I, Topuria Nakaidze N, Loladze M, C. N, N. M, E. T, Kalandarishvili T, Tamarashvili N, Katamadze T","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44991365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Simple Method to Immortalize Human Leukocytes and its Potential Applications","authors":"Elida Cleyse Gomes da Mata, Kanzaki L.I.B","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from livestock in Obinze, Owerri Imo State Nigeria. A total of 100 nasal swabs sample were collected, 86 samples were from goat, 9 samples were from cow and five samples were from ram. The samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar and the culture plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The colonies showing yellow colour on mannitol salt agar were presumably identified as Staphylococcus spp; S. aureus was identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. The result of overall prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus was 64%, with 62.79% isolates from goat sample, 66.67% isolates from cow sample and 80% isolates from ram samples. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics as observed in the animals were Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim 6 (12.77%), Nalidixic acid 32 (68.09%), Erythromycin 9 (19.15%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 16 (34.04%), Amoxicillin 17 (36.17%), Oxacillin 26 (55.32%), Gentamycin 9 (19.15%), Ciprofloxacin 6 (12.77%), Norfloxacin 20 (42.55%), Ampicilin19 (40.43%), Streptomycin 17 (36.17%). Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolate from the animals showed that 7 (14.89%) of the isolate were resistant to only one antibiotic and 2 (4.26%) isolates were resistant to 2 antibiotics and multidrug resistance was observed in 24 (51.07%) isolate of from goat, cow and ram giving a total of 33 (70.22%) resistant to antimicrobial agent respectively. The high prevalence of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus observed in this study may play a potential role of disseminating antibiotics resistant traits between animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, continued surveillance of this resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus is very important for early prevention and control of community acquired infection. Keyword Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic resistance, Nigeria. Introduction Domestic livestock serve as a main source of food for man, as so many of their products such as milk and meat are essential raw materials in food production industries and in the preparation of many other consumables. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to grow and produce staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) under a wide range of conditions is evident from the variety of foods implicated in the staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) [1]. Similarly, there have been some reports indicating that domestic animals are the source of human infections, particularly humans in close contact with the animals either through the nature of their occupation or keeping the animals as pet. In this regard, the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria; particularly its methicillin resistant strain [2]. There is also evidence of the role of food animals in
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Herd of Goat, Cow and Ram at Obinze, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1058","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from livestock in Obinze, Owerri Imo State Nigeria. A total of 100 nasal swabs sample were collected, 86 samples were from goat, 9 samples were from cow and five samples were from ram. The samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar and the culture plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The colonies showing yellow colour on mannitol salt agar were presumably identified as Staphylococcus spp; S. aureus was identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. The result of overall prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus was 64%, with 62.79% isolates from goat sample, 66.67% isolates from cow sample and 80% isolates from ram samples. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics as observed in the animals were Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim 6 (12.77%), Nalidixic acid 32 (68.09%), Erythromycin 9 (19.15%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 16 (34.04%), Amoxicillin 17 (36.17%), Oxacillin 26 (55.32%), Gentamycin 9 (19.15%), Ciprofloxacin 6 (12.77%), Norfloxacin 20 (42.55%), Ampicilin19 (40.43%), Streptomycin 17 (36.17%). Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolate from the animals showed that 7 (14.89%) of the isolate were resistant to only one antibiotic and 2 (4.26%) isolates were resistant to 2 antibiotics and multidrug resistance was observed in 24 (51.07%) isolate of from goat, cow and ram giving a total of 33 (70.22%) resistant to antimicrobial agent respectively. The high prevalence of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus observed in this study may play a potential role of disseminating antibiotics resistant traits between animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, continued surveillance of this resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus is very important for early prevention and control of community acquired infection. Keyword Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic resistance, Nigeria. Introduction Domestic livestock serve as a main source of food for man, as so many of their products such as milk and meat are essential raw materials in food production industries and in the preparation of many other consumables. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to grow and produce staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) under a wide range of conditions is evident from the variety of foods implicated in the staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) [1]. Similarly, there have been some reports indicating that domestic animals are the source of human infections, particularly humans in close contact with the animals either through the nature of their occupation or keeping the animals as pet. In this regard, the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria; particularly its methicillin resistant strain [2]. There is also evidence of the role of food animals in","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most extensive arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses worldwide, especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, and which is responsible for causing an array of clinical disease manifestations in humans. The increasing frequency of dengue outbreaks and the expanding range over which both the virus and its vector of transmission, female Aedes mosquitoes, are endemic, are pressing global public health concerns. The ongoing lack of either an efficacious vaccine or antiviral drug has contributed to the escalating problem. Inadequate knowledge of DENV genomic architecture and pathogenesis has proven to be a major drawback when designing effective prevention and treatment options. Mounting case numbers of dengue infection are reported each year in Bangladesh, yet no full-length genome sequence data are available for DENV isolates from this densely populated, developing South Asian nation. Sequencing and characterization of the whole genome of Bangladeshi DENV isolates of different virus serotypes is therefore an important priority in order to identify therapeutic target determinants against which to develop effective measures to combat the disease.
{"title":"Dengue Serotypes in Bangladesh: Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Facilitates Pathogenesis and Epidemiology Studies and Informs Improved Disease Control","authors":"Tahmina Tabassum, A. Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1054","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most extensive arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses worldwide, especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, and which is responsible for causing an array of clinical disease manifestations in humans. The increasing frequency of dengue outbreaks and the expanding range over which both the virus and its vector of transmission, female Aedes mosquitoes, are endemic, are pressing global public health concerns. The ongoing lack of either an efficacious vaccine or antiviral drug has contributed to the escalating problem. Inadequate knowledge of DENV genomic architecture and pathogenesis has proven to be a major drawback when designing effective prevention and treatment options. Mounting case numbers of dengue infection are reported each year in Bangladesh, yet no full-length genome sequence data are available for DENV isolates from this densely populated, developing South Asian nation. Sequencing and characterization of the whole genome of Bangladeshi DENV isolates of different virus serotypes is therefore an important priority in order to identify therapeutic target determinants against which to develop effective measures to combat the disease.","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49126154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fai Alassi Alanzi, Hanan O. Al Shammari, Samreen Soomro
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus. Because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. Although enough data is available about MRSA prevalence worldwide but here is lack of research and accurate statistics that covers the north regions of Saudi Arabia. The aim of current research is to analyze the MRSA positive cases in Northern region of Saudi Arabia and to identify the diabetic patients with MRSA infection. Isolates of MRSA, recovered from various clinical samples from two different cities Rafha and Quriyat in the north region of Saudi Arabia. Samples were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study from Jan 2013 to June 2017. Agar diffusion method was employed according to the protocols of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Out of total 800 S. aureus strains, the frequency rate of MRSA was 42.5% (n = 340). MRSA infection was found higher among the age group 20-40 years i.e. 33% (n=264), followed by 28% (n=224) in 60-80 years. Frequency of MRSA percentage in male and female was and 53% and 47%, respectively. MRSA was more frequently observed in eye sample 79% (n=632). MRSA showed resistance to antibiotics as cefuroxime (90.16%), streptomycin (59.3%), amikacin (95.8%), azithromycin (63.8%), ampicillin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (76.4%), Penicillin G (96%), oxacillin (66%), gentamicin (68%), cefoxitine (94%) MRSA infection among diabetic patients showed significant prevalence that was found to be 30% and its alarming to stop the spread at this point. This study provided sufficient knowledge toward spread of multi drug resistant S. aureus against a number of antibiotics that were used to be sensitive before These results giving us a picture of real threat for spreading a life-threatening infection in the region if not taken serious action particularly the diabetic patients will be on challenge.
{"title":"Prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infection and Incidence Rate of Diabetic MRSA Patients in Northern Region of KSA","authors":"Fai Alassi Alanzi, Hanan O. Al Shammari, Samreen Soomro","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1052","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus. Because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. Although enough data is available about MRSA prevalence worldwide but here is lack of research and accurate statistics that covers the north regions of Saudi Arabia. The aim of current research is to analyze the MRSA positive cases in Northern region of Saudi Arabia and to identify the diabetic patients with MRSA infection. Isolates of MRSA, recovered from various clinical samples from two different cities Rafha and Quriyat in the north region of Saudi Arabia. Samples were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study from Jan 2013 to June 2017. Agar diffusion method was employed according to the protocols of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Out of total 800 S. aureus strains, the frequency rate of MRSA was 42.5% (n = 340). MRSA infection was found higher among the age group 20-40 years i.e. 33% (n=264), followed by 28% (n=224) in 60-80 years. Frequency of MRSA percentage in male and female was and 53% and 47%, respectively. MRSA was more frequently observed in eye sample 79% (n=632). MRSA showed resistance to antibiotics as cefuroxime (90.16%), streptomycin (59.3%), amikacin (95.8%), azithromycin (63.8%), ampicillin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (76.4%), Penicillin G (96%), oxacillin (66%), gentamicin (68%), cefoxitine (94%) MRSA infection among diabetic patients showed significant prevalence that was found to be 30% and its alarming to stop the spread at this point. This study provided sufficient knowledge toward spread of multi drug resistant S. aureus against a number of antibiotics that were used to be sensitive before These results giving us a picture of real threat for spreading a life-threatening infection in the region if not taken serious action particularly the diabetic patients will be on challenge.","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In severe pulmonary tuberculosis that requiring ventilation and critical care should have uncertain enteral absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of enteral anti-tuberculosis regimen used on the survival of patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis requiring mechanical ventilation. Patients aged >15 years with critical smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into enteral and parenteral antituberculosis drugs regimen groups based on the type of anti-tuberculosis used. Those patients who died or discharged within 24 hours of hospitalization were excluded. The primary endpoint was 40-day survival. In 5844 patients of tuberculosis from 2013 to 2018 have 675 patients identified that smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 657 were in enteral drugs group and 18 were in the parenteral fluoroquinolones group, 140 patients die and 535 patients survived. The two groups had statistically significant difference in acute respiratory failure and shock. There had no statistically significant difference between two groups in mortality by univariable risk ratio regression analysis. In generally parenteral regimens are increase mortality rate, but after adjusted all variable factors by multivariable risk ratio regression analysis, there had statistically significant difference between two groups in mortality (risk ratio=1.80; 95%confidence interval=1.25 to 2.58; P=0.001). The medial survival was 8 and 34 days in enteral and parenteral groups, significant difference in log rank test (P<0.002). Enteral anti-tuberculosis regimen may contribute to survival of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis requiring mechanical ventilator.
{"title":"Enteral Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Regimen Contributes to Mortality in Critical Patients with Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"Sueyanyongsiri P, Sueyanyongsiri S, S. N.","doi":"10.33425/2639-9458.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9458.1051","url":null,"abstract":"In severe pulmonary tuberculosis that requiring ventilation and critical care should have uncertain enteral absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of enteral anti-tuberculosis regimen used on the survival of patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis requiring mechanical ventilation. Patients aged >15 years with critical smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into enteral and parenteral antituberculosis drugs regimen groups based on the type of anti-tuberculosis used. Those patients who died or discharged within 24 hours of hospitalization were excluded. The primary endpoint was 40-day survival. In 5844 patients of tuberculosis from 2013 to 2018 have 675 patients identified that smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 657 were in enteral drugs group and 18 were in the parenteral fluoroquinolones group, 140 patients die and 535 patients survived. The two groups had statistically significant difference in acute respiratory failure and shock. There had no statistically significant difference between two groups in mortality by univariable risk ratio regression analysis. In generally parenteral regimens are increase mortality rate, but after adjusted all variable factors by multivariable risk ratio regression analysis, there had statistically significant difference between two groups in mortality (risk ratio=1.80; 95%confidence interval=1.25 to 2.58; P=0.001). The medial survival was 8 and 34 days in enteral and parenteral groups, significant difference in log rank test (P<0.002). Enteral anti-tuberculosis regimen may contribute to survival of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis requiring mechanical ventilator.","PeriodicalId":93597,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology & infectious diseases (Wilmington, Del.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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