Fifty-eight young Japanese centropomid fish Lates japonicus were captured from the Hitotsuse River estuary, Miyazaki Prefecture, southeastern Kyushu, Japan, through April to September, 1989, and their sizes of total length (TL) (mean TL 222mm) and body weight (BW) (mean 147g) were recorded. They were reared in a concrete tank (20 ton) until the end of November, 1992, growing to a mean TL of 500mm and mean BW of 1, 825g. The diet of the fish was comprised mainly of raw sardines, shrimp, jack and mackerel. However, negative Feeding efficiency rates and Conversion fac-tors were apparent over the two winter seasons. Feeding activity, based on the mean quantity of food taken per individual, was closely related to water temperature and salinity (S) changes, especially being highest over about 25°C (S 28-30) and reduced to zero below about 16°C (S 34). The species seemed to be strongly resistant to disease, skin erosion and transportation stress, because all individ-uals used for the experiment survived.
1989年4 ~ 9月，在日本九州东南部宫崎县一濑河河口捕获日本形心鱼幼鱼58尾，记录其体长(TL)大小(平均TL 222mm)和体重(BW)(平均147g)。1992年11月底，它们被饲养在一个混凝土罐中(20吨)，平均体长为500毫米，平均体重为1825克。这些鱼的食物主要包括生沙丁鱼、虾、杰克鱼和鲭鱼。然而，在两个冬季期间，采食效率和转化系数均呈现明显的负变化。基于个体平均摄取量的摄食活动与水温和盐度(S)变化密切相关，特别是在25°C (S 28-30)以上最高，在16°C (S 34)以下降为零。这个物种似乎对疾病、皮肤侵蚀和运输压力有很强的抵抗力，因为所有用于实验的个体都存活了下来。
{"title":"Growth and feeding habits in reared Japanese centropomid fish Lates japonicus","authors":"K. Tashiro, Y. Iwatsuki","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.61.684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.61.684","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty-eight young Japanese centropomid fish Lates japonicus were captured from the Hitotsuse River estuary, Miyazaki Prefecture, southeastern Kyushu, Japan, through April to September, 1989, and their sizes of total length (TL) (mean TL 222mm) and body weight (BW) (mean 147g) were recorded. They were reared in a concrete tank (20 ton) until the end of November, 1992, growing to a mean TL of 500mm and mean BW of 1, 825g. The diet of the fish was comprised mainly of raw sardines, shrimp, jack and mackerel. However, negative Feeding efficiency rates and Conversion fac-tors were apparent over the two winter seasons. Feeding activity, based on the mean quantity of food taken per individual, was closely related to water temperature and salinity (S) changes, especially being highest over about 25°C (S 28-30) and reduced to zero below about 16°C (S 34). The species seemed to be strongly resistant to disease, skin erosion and transportation stress, because all individ-uals used for the experiment survived.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"684-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82125887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsukasa Shimasaki, K. Miake, Y. Tsukamasa, M. Sugiyama, Y. Minegishi, H. Shinano
Two types of smoked salmon in the Aw range above 0.93 and less than 0.96 (L-Aw type) and above 0.96 (H-Aw type) were prepared, sliced, vacuum-packed and then stored for 40, 30, and 5 days at 5, 10, and 20°C, respectively. Changes in sensory evaluation, and microbiological and chemical characteristics were investigated throughout the storage period. The overall sensory score and textural evaluation of the H-Aw type decreased faster than the L-Aw type at each storage temperature. Viable cell counts and VB-N values of the H-Aw type were larger than the L-Aw type at each temperature during the storage period. As for microflora in the H-Aw type, Enterobacteriaceae was significant in the middle period at 10°C, and was very common at 20°C after 2 days of storage. Lactobacillus finally dominated under the temperature conditions examined. In the L-Aw type, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were predominant on the last day of storage at 20°C, and 10 and 5°C storage, respectively. These findings suggest that the storage temperature and Aw of smoked salmon are closely correlated to shelf-life, because a combination of storage temperature and Aw affected the viable cell counts and formation of microflora during the storage period and induced the changes of sensory evaluation and VB-N values.
{"title":"Effect of water activity and storage temparature on the quality and microflora of smoked salmon","authors":"Tsukasa Shimasaki, K. Miake, Y. Tsukamasa, M. Sugiyama, Y. Minegishi, H. Shinano","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.60.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.60.569","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of smoked salmon in the Aw range above 0.93 and less than 0.96 (L-Aw type) and above 0.96 (H-Aw type) were prepared, sliced, vacuum-packed and then stored for 40, 30, and 5 days at 5, 10, and 20°C, respectively. Changes in sensory evaluation, and microbiological and chemical characteristics were investigated throughout the storage period. The overall sensory score and textural evaluation of the H-Aw type decreased faster than the L-Aw type at each storage temperature. Viable cell counts and VB-N values of the H-Aw type were larger than the L-Aw type at each temperature during the storage period. As for microflora in the H-Aw type, Enterobacteriaceae was significant in the middle period at 10°C, and was very common at 20°C after 2 days of storage. Lactobacillus finally dominated under the temperature conditions examined. In the L-Aw type, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were predominant on the last day of storage at 20°C, and 10 and 5°C storage, respectively. These findings suggest that the storage temperature and Aw of smoked salmon are closely correlated to shelf-life, because a combination of storage temperature and Aw affected the viable cell counts and formation of microflora during the storage period and induced the changes of sensory evaluation and VB-N values.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"68 1","pages":"569-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74295190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yoshimura, C. Kitajima, Y. Miyamoto, G. Kishimoto
In order to investigate the factors inhibiting the growth of rotifer (S-type) in high density cultivation, a series of experiments were conducted, cultivating rotifer in 30l and 1kl vessels by feeding condensed Chlorella. Although there was no difference in the maximum population of rotifer in the culture experiments at different temperatures of 24, 28, and 32°C, the growth rate increased as the culture temperature increased. In the cultivation system supplied with air, the maximum rotifer population did not exceed 4, 000-5, 000 individuals/ml because oxygen levels were restricted due to the accumulation of undissociated ammonia. Feeding oxygen gas to the rotifer culture system enabled high density cultivation with a population of 20, 000 individuals/ml. In such an oxygen-rich culture system, the concentration of undissociated ammonia is considered to be the main factor inhibiting the growth of rotifer.
{"title":"Factors inhibiting growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in high density cultivation by feeding condensed Chlorella","authors":"K. Yoshimura, C. Kitajima, Y. Miyamoto, G. Kishimoto","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.60.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.60.207","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the factors inhibiting the growth of rotifer (S-type) in high density cultivation, a series of experiments were conducted, cultivating rotifer in 30l and 1kl vessels by feeding condensed Chlorella. Although there was no difference in the maximum population of rotifer in the culture experiments at different temperatures of 24, 28, and 32°C, the growth rate increased as the culture temperature increased. In the cultivation system supplied with air, the maximum rotifer population did not exceed 4, 000-5, 000 individuals/ml because oxygen levels were restricted due to the accumulation of undissociated ammonia. Feeding oxygen gas to the rotifer culture system enabled high density cultivation with a population of 20, 000 individuals/ml. In such an oxygen-rich culture system, the concentration of undissociated ammonia is considered to be the main factor inhibiting the growth of rotifer.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"9 1","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74266031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kawasaki, T. Ooizumi, Seishiro Hayashi, Kenji Hayashi
The lipid content and composition of the liver of firefly squid Watasenia scintillans from the Sea of Japan were investigated. The amount of liver lipids of firefly squid increased from March to April and then decreased in May or June. From March to July the liver of firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained a larger amount of lipids than that from Wakasa Bay. The liver lipids of firefly squid were characterized by high levels of triglycerides (60.9-72.7%) with small amounts of other components. The lipid class composition was more or less constant in spite of the differences in the fishing ground and season. The component fatty acids of liver lipids consisted of saturates (22.4-26.4%), monoenes (37.5-45.6%), and polyenes (29.9-37.8%). The major fatty acids were palmitic (13.6-16.3%), palmitoleic (6.5-9.2%), oleic (16.3-21.5%), eicosenoic (5.3-9.3%), eicosapentaenoic (13.0-20.0%), and docosahexaenoic (7.6-12.3%) acids. Firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained higher percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid than that from Wakasa Bay. The seasonal change in the eicosapentaenoic acid level was coincident with that of the lipid contents in the liver.
{"title":"Lipid class and fatty acid composition of liver of firefly squid Watasenia scintillans","authors":"K. Kawasaki, T. Ooizumi, Seishiro Hayashi, Kenji Hayashi","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.60.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.60.247","url":null,"abstract":"The lipid content and composition of the liver of firefly squid Watasenia scintillans from the Sea of Japan were investigated. The amount of liver lipids of firefly squid increased from March to April and then decreased in May or June. From March to July the liver of firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained a larger amount of lipids than that from Wakasa Bay. The liver lipids of firefly squid were characterized by high levels of triglycerides (60.9-72.7%) with small amounts of other components. The lipid class composition was more or less constant in spite of the differences in the fishing ground and season. The component fatty acids of liver lipids consisted of saturates (22.4-26.4%), monoenes (37.5-45.6%), and polyenes (29.9-37.8%). The major fatty acids were palmitic (13.6-16.3%), palmitoleic (6.5-9.2%), oleic (16.3-21.5%), eicosenoic (5.3-9.3%), eicosapentaenoic (13.0-20.0%), and docosahexaenoic (7.6-12.3%) acids. Firefly squid from Toyama Bay contained higher percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid than that from Wakasa Bay. The seasonal change in the eicosapentaenoic acid level was coincident with that of the lipid contents in the liver.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"33 1","pages":"247-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90426408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pantip Suwansakornkul, Y. Itoh, S. Hara, Atsushi Obatake
The inhibitory effects of several selected proteinase inhibitors, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, antipain, E-64, NEM and EDTA, on myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation of unwashed and washed meat gels from three lizardfish species, maeso or true lizardfish Saurida undosquamis, wanieso Saurida wanieso, tokageeso or shortfin lizardfish Saurida elongata, were investigated in order to identify the proteolytic activities of gel-degrading factors (GDFs) existing in mat. It was apparent that the proteolytic activities of GDFs responsible for MHC degradation of meat gels from all species at 40°C resulted from two myofibril-associated (Mf) type proteinases, mainly of serine proteinase and slightly of cysteine proteinase. In addition, as indicated by the amino acid patterns obtained from TCA-soluble fraction of meat gels with the presence of various inhibitors, these proposed proteinases were not distinct in these three species. With regard to the MHC degradation at 60°C, the proteolytic activity present in GDFs of maeso, proposed as myofibril-associated gel degrading factors (Mf-GDFs), belonged to cysteine proteinase while that of wanieso and tokageeso were sarcoplasmic-type serine proteinases. The Mf-GDF corresponding to the MHC degradation at 60°C, which occasionally occurs in wanieso meat gel, showed the proteolytic activities of serine proteinase.
{"title":"Identification of proteolytic activities of gel-degrading factors in three lizardfish species [Saurida undosquamis, S. wanieso, S. elongata]","authors":"Pantip Suwansakornkul, Y. Itoh, S. Hara, Atsushi Obatake","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.1039","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibitory effects of several selected proteinase inhibitors, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, antipain, E-64, NEM and EDTA, on myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation of unwashed and washed meat gels from three lizardfish species, maeso or true lizardfish Saurida undosquamis, wanieso Saurida wanieso, tokageeso or shortfin lizardfish Saurida elongata, were investigated in order to identify the proteolytic activities of gel-degrading factors (GDFs) existing in mat. It was apparent that the proteolytic activities of GDFs responsible for MHC degradation of meat gels from all species at 40°C resulted from two myofibril-associated (Mf) type proteinases, mainly of serine proteinase and slightly of cysteine proteinase. In addition, as indicated by the amino acid patterns obtained from TCA-soluble fraction of meat gels with the presence of various inhibitors, these proposed proteinases were not distinct in these three species. With regard to the MHC degradation at 60°C, the proteolytic activity present in GDFs of maeso, proposed as myofibril-associated gel degrading factors (Mf-GDFs), belonged to cysteine proteinase while that of wanieso and tokageeso were sarcoplasmic-type serine proteinases. The Mf-GDF corresponding to the MHC degradation at 60°C, which occasionally occurs in wanieso meat gel, showed the proteolytic activities of serine proteinase.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74724171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attaction activities of fruit-flesh or fruit-rind water extracts were statistically estimated on the basis of an exploratory behavior of the oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Fruits tested were 36 forms of 25 species: 22 of 13 in Rosaceae, 6 of 6 in Rutaceae, 3 of 1 in Vitaceae, and 1 each in five other famillies (Actinidiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Moraceae, and Myricaceae). Of fruit-flesh, the attraction activity in Rosaceae was high in eight forms: one apricot (adventitious seedling form), three cherries (Napoleon biggreau, hybrid and Prunus cerasus forms), one European plum (Soldum form), one nectarine, one peach (adventitious seedling form), and one strawberry. The attraction in Rutaceae was high only in unshiu orange, but was low in two orange forms. The attraction in Vitaceae was found to be low in only one grape (Delaware form). The attraction in the other five families was low in kiwi fruit (Actinidiaceae), persimmon (Ebenaceae), and myrica (Myricaceae). Of the fruit extracts tested, strawberry was found to be highest in attraction, though its attraction activity depended on the conentration. Of fruit-rind, the attraction in Rutaceae was low only in unshiu orange. The relationship between the attraction effect and the characteristics of fruits is also discussed.
{"title":"Attraction activities of fruit extracts for the oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus","authors":"K. Harada, T. Miysaki","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.1757","url":null,"abstract":"The attaction activities of fruit-flesh or fruit-rind water extracts were statistically estimated on the basis of an exploratory behavior of the oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Fruits tested were 36 forms of 25 species: 22 of 13 in Rosaceae, 6 of 6 in Rutaceae, 3 of 1 in Vitaceae, and 1 each in five other famillies (Actinidiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Moraceae, and Myricaceae). Of fruit-flesh, the attraction activity in Rosaceae was high in eight forms: one apricot (adventitious seedling form), three cherries (Napoleon biggreau, hybrid and Prunus cerasus forms), one European plum (Soldum form), one nectarine, one peach (adventitious seedling form), and one strawberry. The attraction in Rutaceae was high only in unshiu orange, but was low in two orange forms. The attraction in Vitaceae was found to be low in only one grape (Delaware form). The attraction in the other five families was low in kiwi fruit (Actinidiaceae), persimmon (Ebenaceae), and myrica (Myricaceae). Of the fruit extracts tested, strawberry was found to be highest in attraction, though its attraction activity depended on the conentration. Of fruit-rind, the attraction in Rutaceae was low only in unshiu orange. The relationship between the attraction effect and the characteristics of fruits is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"56 1","pages":"1757-1762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82436287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The migrating behaviour of fish schools such as jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus, spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus, and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was investigated in set-net fishing grounds by means of sonar image records. The spotted mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools moved at an average speed of 18-19cm/s, while the jack mackerel schools moved at 29cm/s. Schools of all species changed their direction of movement at an average veering angle of 19 ?? 36°. However, the veering angle of Japanese anchovy schools showed a tendency to be larger than that of the other two species. The average duration of straight movement of the spotted mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools was 2 ?? 2.4min, while that of the jack mackerel schools was 2.9min. This confirms a frequent veering of fish schools in the set-net fishing grounds. The jack mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools tend to move along the isobathic route with a depth change ratio of 0.6 ?? 0.8m/min between the first and final image. In case of the spotted mackerel schools the larger depth change was observed up to 6m/min.
{"title":"Migrating behaviour of fish schools in set-net fishing grounds","authors":"Mun-Kwan Kim, T. Arimoto, Y. Matsushita, Y. Inoue","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.473","url":null,"abstract":"The migrating behaviour of fish schools such as jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus, spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus, and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was investigated in set-net fishing grounds by means of sonar image records. The spotted mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools moved at an average speed of 18-19cm/s, while the jack mackerel schools moved at 29cm/s. Schools of all species changed their direction of movement at an average veering angle of 19 ?? 36°. However, the veering angle of Japanese anchovy schools showed a tendency to be larger than that of the other two species. The average duration of straight movement of the spotted mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools was 2 ?? 2.4min, while that of the jack mackerel schools was 2.9min. This confirms a frequent veering of fish schools in the set-net fishing grounds. The jack mackerel and Japanese anchovy schools tend to move along the isobathic route with a depth change ratio of 0.6 ?? 0.8m/min between the first and final image. In case of the spotted mackerel schools the larger depth change was observed up to 6m/min.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"3 1","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87289081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spawning, embryonic development, and morphological changes of the purplish amberjack Seriola dumerili were observed using specimens reared at the Aquaculture Research Laboratory of Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries. Spawning was induced by intra-mascular injection of pituitary homogenate of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and the genital hormone. Spawning occurred 36 hours after hormone treatment and 1, 400, 000 and 7, 000, 000 eggs were obtained in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The eggs were pelagic, spherical, and 1.05-1.20mm in diameter with a single oil globule of 0.22-0.28mm. The larvae hatched out 37 hours after spawning (W. T. 24.6°C). The newly hatched larvae were 2.7-3.1mm in length with 26 myotomes and a single oil globule. The yolk was mostly absorbed on the 4th day after hatching when the larvae attained 3.9mm in length and began to feed on rotifers. In the postlarval stage (6.3mm B. L.) the rudiments of ventral, dorsal, and anal fins began to develop and the vertebra was well ossified. In the juvenile stage (11.2mm B. L.) the membranous fins disappeared and fish gathered around drifting algae. Later in the juvenile stage (35.0mm B. L.) six or seven lateral bands appeared in the trunk as well as a band from the eye to the anterior part of the dorsal fin base. At a body length of 100mm, they reached the stage of young fish, while at a size of over 170mm in body length a yellow vertical stripe appeared from behind the operculum to the caudal peduncle. The smallest size of sexual maturation was thought to be about 600mm. Notochord or standard length at each growth stage was as follows: 2.7-3.9mm (yolk sac stage), 3.9-4.7mm (preflexion stage), 4.8-8.5mm (postflexion stage), 10-100mm (juvenile stage), 100-600mm (young stage), and over 600mm (adult stage).
{"title":"Spawning, eggs, larvae and juveniles of the purplish amberjak Seriola dumerili","authors":"K. Tachihara, Ryousei Ebisu, Yasuo Tukashima","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.1479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.1479","url":null,"abstract":"The spawning, embryonic development, and morphological changes of the purplish amberjack Seriola dumerili were observed using specimens reared at the Aquaculture Research Laboratory of Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries. Spawning was induced by intra-mascular injection of pituitary homogenate of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and the genital hormone. Spawning occurred 36 hours after hormone treatment and 1, 400, 000 and 7, 000, 000 eggs were obtained in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The eggs were pelagic, spherical, and 1.05-1.20mm in diameter with a single oil globule of 0.22-0.28mm. The larvae hatched out 37 hours after spawning (W. T. 24.6°C). The newly hatched larvae were 2.7-3.1mm in length with 26 myotomes and a single oil globule. The yolk was mostly absorbed on the 4th day after hatching when the larvae attained 3.9mm in length and began to feed on rotifers. In the postlarval stage (6.3mm B. L.) the rudiments of ventral, dorsal, and anal fins began to develop and the vertebra was well ossified. In the juvenile stage (11.2mm B. L.) the membranous fins disappeared and fish gathered around drifting algae. Later in the juvenile stage (35.0mm B. L.) six or seven lateral bands appeared in the trunk as well as a band from the eye to the anterior part of the dorsal fin base. At a body length of 100mm, they reached the stage of young fish, while at a size of over 170mm in body length a yellow vertical stripe appeared from behind the operculum to the caudal peduncle. The smallest size of sexual maturation was thought to be about 600mm. Notochord or standard length at each growth stage was as follows: 2.7-3.9mm (yolk sac stage), 3.9-4.7mm (preflexion stage), 4.8-8.5mm (postflexion stage), 10-100mm (juvenile stage), 100-600mm (young stage), and over 600mm (adult stage).","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"3 1","pages":"1479-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74975049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shimeno, T. Masumoto, T. Hujita, T. Mima, S. Ueno
Meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, corn gluten meal, and rapeseed meal were evaluated individually as partial replacement for fish meal in single moist pellet diets for young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Brown fish meal in the diet was replaced isonitrogenously and isocaloricaly with 10, 20, and 30% of each source. Better growth and feed efficiency were found in fish fed on diets with replacement of 10% of all the protein sources used, and the performance further increased as the replacement with meat meal was increased up to 30%. On the other hand, the performance tended to decrease as the replacement of other sources were increased to levels of more than 10%, and the worst performance together with diminished blood and serum characteristics were found in fish fed on the diet with 30% rapeseed meal. These results show that fish meal can be replaced with several cheaper proteins such as meat meal and corn gluten meal within limited amounts, and that the adequate addition of these protein sources to fish meal-based diets improves not only the dietary cost but also their performance.
{"title":"Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young yellowtail","authors":"S. Shimeno, T. Masumoto, T. Hujita, T. Mima, S. Ueno","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.137","url":null,"abstract":"Meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, corn gluten meal, and rapeseed meal were evaluated individually as partial replacement for fish meal in single moist pellet diets for young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Brown fish meal in the diet was replaced isonitrogenously and isocaloricaly with 10, 20, and 30% of each source. Better growth and feed efficiency were found in fish fed on diets with replacement of 10% of all the protein sources used, and the performance further increased as the replacement with meat meal was increased up to 30%. On the other hand, the performance tended to decrease as the replacement of other sources were increased to levels of more than 10%, and the worst performance together with diminished blood and serum characteristics were found in fish fed on the diet with 30% rapeseed meal. These results show that fish meal can be replaced with several cheaper proteins such as meat meal and corn gluten meal within limited amounts, and that the adequate addition of these protein sources to fish meal-based diets improves not only the dietary cost but also their performance.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78148968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The age and growth of the sunray surf clam Mactra chinensis in Tomakomai were studied by measuring shell rings. Monthly measurement of shell increment from the last ring indicated ring formation to occur annually from November to January when seawater temperature dropped below about 10°C, and thus to be regardable as an age indicator. Age at the first ring formation was estimated at 0 by observing the shell rings of newly settled clams. Age was determined by counting the number of rings, and the relationship between age and shell length was expressed using von Bertalanffy's growth equation: Lt=78.31 [1-exp{-0.67(t-0.34)}], Lt being shell length (mm) at age t (years).
{"title":"Age and growth of the sunray surf clam Mactra chinensis in Tomakomai, southwest Hokkaido [Japan]","authors":"I. Sakurai","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.59.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.59.469","url":null,"abstract":"The age and growth of the sunray surf clam Mactra chinensis in Tomakomai were studied by measuring shell rings. Monthly measurement of shell increment from the last ring indicated ring formation to occur annually from November to January when seawater temperature dropped below about 10°C, and thus to be regardable as an age indicator. Age at the first ring formation was estimated at 0 by observing the shell rings of newly settled clams. Age was determined by counting the number of rings, and the relationship between age and shell length was expressed using von Bertalanffy's growth equation: Lt=78.31 [1-exp{-0.67(t-0.34)}], Lt being shell length (mm) at age t (years).","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"13 1","pages":"469-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84996358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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