Spermatozoa from the fish Diplodus sargus L. were agglutinated by seaweed extracts. Three interaction types were observed: head to head, tail to tail and head to tail. There was not singular agglutination for each algal species tested. Of all algal extracts, 16% of brown algae and 3% of red algae, showed agglutinating activity. In the brown algae, the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Fucus serratus (1:256), whereas in the red algae the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Polyneura halliae (1:32). None of the green algae assayed showed agglutinating activity. Some algal extracts can recognize specific binding sites on the spermatozoa membrane. In the inhibition assay, four carbohydrates showed inhibition activity in the case of Fucus spiralis: 1-β-
{"title":"Agglutination activity of algal extracts against spermatozoa of the fish Diplodus sargus L.","authors":"J. Fábregas, J. Llovo, A. Muñoz","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.2121","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatozoa from the fish Diplodus sargus L. were agglutinated by seaweed extracts. Three interaction types were observed: head to head, tail to tail and head to tail. There was not singular agglutination for each algal species tested. Of all algal extracts, 16% of brown algae and 3% of red algae, showed agglutinating activity. In the brown algae, the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Fucus serratus (1:256), whereas in the red algae the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Polyneura halliae (1:32). None of the green algae assayed showed agglutinating activity. Some algal extracts can recognize specific binding sites on the spermatozoa membrane. In the inhibition assay, four carbohydrates showed inhibition activity in the case of Fucus spiralis: 1-β-","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"32 1","pages":"2121-2126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76927887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Nishide, Yoshinori Kinoshita, H. Anzai, N. Uchida
The yields of hot-water extractable material (HWEM), water-soluble alginate (WSA) and alkali-soluble alginate (ASA) from six parts of Undaria pinnatifida were estimated. The M:G ratio of these individual alginates was determined and three kinds of uronic acid blocks were characterized. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The contents of HWEM were varied irregularly from 4.7% at the apical part of midrib to 23.4% at the sporophyll. 2) The contents of WSA were varied irregularly from 1.4% at the apical part of midrib to 7.7% at the sporophyll. 3) The contents of ASA were varied also irregularly from 11.6% at the apical part of midrib as well as blade to 19.8% at the lower part of midrib. 4) The mannuronic acid contents in the WSA were higher in general than those in the ASA. 5) The M: G ratios of alginates from midrib were estimated to be 1.45 for the basal part, 1.48 for the middle part and 0.61 for the apical part. The values of M:G ratios of alginates and the amount of MM and GG blocks suggest that the growth of midrib may be most active between lower and middle parts of the U. pinnatifida body.
{"title":"Distribution of hot-water extractable material, water-soluble alginate and alkali-soluble alginate in different parts of Undaria pinnatifida.","authors":"E. Nishide, Yoshinori Kinoshita, H. Anzai, N. Uchida","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.1619","url":null,"abstract":"The yields of hot-water extractable material (HWEM), water-soluble alginate (WSA) and alkali-soluble alginate (ASA) from six parts of Undaria pinnatifida were estimated. The M:G ratio of these individual alginates was determined and three kinds of uronic acid blocks were characterized. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The contents of HWEM were varied irregularly from 4.7% at the apical part of midrib to 23.4% at the sporophyll. 2) The contents of WSA were varied irregularly from 1.4% at the apical part of midrib to 7.7% at the sporophyll. 3) The contents of ASA were varied also irregularly from 11.6% at the apical part of midrib as well as blade to 19.8% at the lower part of midrib. 4) The mannuronic acid contents in the WSA were higher in general than those in the ASA. 5) The M: G ratios of alginates from midrib were estimated to be 1.45 for the basal part, 1.48 for the middle part and 0.61 for the apical part. The values of M:G ratios of alginates and the amount of MM and GG blocks suggest that the growth of midrib may be most active between lower and middle parts of the U. pinnatifida body.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":"1619-1622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85277089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the intestinal microflora of goldfish Carassius auratus. OTC was orally administrated at 50mg/kg body weight, and fecal flora of three goldfish was successively determined. As a result, two fish harboured Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacteroides type A as predominant organisms during the experimental period, whereas Bacteroides type A was not detected in another fish during the ad-ministration of OTC though Aeromonas hydrophila was the dominant one. The reason being suggested was that either the day-to-day variation of intestinal microflora or the different response of each microflora to OTC. In addition, it was generally observed in all the goldfish that the OTC resistant bacteria became dominant 1-6 days after oral administration of the drug.
{"title":"Changes in the fecal microflora of goldfish Carassius auratus with the oral administration of oxytetracycline","authors":"M. Fukumoto, H. Koyama, Y. Deguchi","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.2181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.2181","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was performed to investigate the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the intestinal microflora of goldfish Carassius auratus. OTC was orally administrated at 50mg/kg body weight, and fecal flora of three goldfish was successively determined. As a result, two fish harboured Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacteroides type A as predominant organisms during the experimental period, whereas Bacteroides type A was not detected in another fish during the ad-ministration of OTC though Aeromonas hydrophila was the dominant one. The reason being suggested was that either the day-to-day variation of intestinal microflora or the different response of each microflora to OTC. In addition, it was generally observed in all the goldfish that the OTC resistant bacteria became dominant 1-6 days after oral administration of the drug.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"19 1","pages":"2181-2187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The carotenoids in the carapace, flesh and gonad of Paralithodes brevipes were investigated from the stereochemical point of view. The absolute configuration of papilioerythrinone (=3-hydroxy-β, e-carotene-4, 3'-dione) isolated from the crab was determined to be (3S, 6'R)-configuration. In the carapace and flesh, three stereoisomers of astaxanthin (33-39%) and (3S, 3'S)-7, 8-didehydro-astaxanthin (27-32%) were identified as major components accompanied by (3S, 3'S)-7, 8, 7', 8'-tetradehydro-astaxanthin (6-7%), fritschiellaxanthin (4-10%) and papilioerythrinone (2-6%) etc., while in the gonad β, β-carotene (64%) was found to be dominant along with three stereo-isomers of astaxanthin (11%), echinenone (7%) and isocryptoxanthin (3%) etc. From the experimental results obtained, we proposed the plausible oxidative metabolic path-way of lutein A to papilioerythrinone via fritschiellaxanthin in P. brevipes.
{"title":"The carotenoids of crab Paralithodes brevipes (Hanasakigani in Japanese)","authors":"T. Matsuno, T. Maoka","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.1437","url":null,"abstract":"The carotenoids in the carapace, flesh and gonad of Paralithodes brevipes were investigated from the stereochemical point of view. The absolute configuration of papilioerythrinone (=3-hydroxy-β, e-carotene-4, 3'-dione) isolated from the crab was determined to be (3S, 6'R)-configuration. In the carapace and flesh, three stereoisomers of astaxanthin (33-39%) and (3S, 3'S)-7, 8-didehydro-astaxanthin (27-32%) were identified as major components accompanied by (3S, 3'S)-7, 8, 7', 8'-tetradehydro-astaxanthin (6-7%), fritschiellaxanthin (4-10%) and papilioerythrinone (2-6%) etc., while in the gonad β, β-carotene (64%) was found to be dominant along with three stereo-isomers of astaxanthin (11%), echinenone (7%) and isocryptoxanthin (3%) etc. From the experimental results obtained, we proposed the plausible oxidative metabolic path-way of lutein A to papilioerythrinone via fritschiellaxanthin in P. brevipes.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"54 1","pages":"1437-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91099058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme of peptides originating from fish and shellfish muscle","authors":"K. Suetsuna, M. Yamagami, K. Kuwata","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.1853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.1853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"1 1","pages":"1853-1853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79808471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A best search for the most efficient extraction condition of sulfated polysaccharide (Porphyran) from Porphyra yezoensis UEDA F. narawaensis MIURA was made. The highest yield was obtained by the following procedure: Raw algal fronds were treated with 3.7% formaldehyde solution in a flask closed with a stopper at 30°C for 24h. After addition of 2 times volume of distilled water, the suspension was heated at 100°C with stirring for 12h. The extract was cooled at room temperature and filtered through a layer of diatom earth. The clarified filtrate was dialyzed in a Visking cellophane tube against running tap water for 24h, and evaporated to 1/4 of its original volume under reduced pressure, to this was added 4 times volume of ethanol at room temperature. The gelatinous precipitate collected by centrifugation was washed with ethanol, and acetone, and dried at 30°C for 12h. Gel-filtration on Sepharose CL-2B showed that the higher molecular weight polysaccharides were extracted by treatment with a higher temperature and a lower molecular weight components which was eluted the position to the Vi increase in the amount with the length of extraction time.
对紫菜UEDA F. narawaensis MIURA中硫酸盐酸化多糖(Porphyran)的最佳提取条件进行了研究。产率最高的方法是:用3.7%的甲醛溶液处理生藻叶，在30℃封闭的烧瓶中处理24h。加入2倍体积的蒸馏水，在100℃下加热搅拌12h。提取液在室温下冷却，并通过一层硅藻土过滤。澄清后的滤液在Visking玻璃纸管中对自来水透析24h，减压蒸发至原来体积的1/4，在室温下加入4倍体积的乙醇。离心收集的凝胶状沉淀物用乙醇和丙酮洗涤，30℃干燥12h。对Sepharose CL-2B进行凝胶过滤，结果表明，温度越高，相对分子质量越低的组分越被萃取，其洗脱位置越高，萃取时间越长，萃取量越高。
{"title":"Extraction of porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda F. narawaensis Miura.","authors":"E. Nishide, M. Ohno, H. Anzai, N. Uchida","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.2189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.2189","url":null,"abstract":"A best search for the most efficient extraction condition of sulfated polysaccharide (Porphyran) from Porphyra yezoensis UEDA F. narawaensis MIURA was made. The highest yield was obtained by the following procedure: Raw algal fronds were treated with 3.7% formaldehyde solution in a flask closed with a stopper at 30°C for 24h. After addition of 2 times volume of distilled water, the suspension was heated at 100°C with stirring for 12h. The extract was cooled at room temperature and filtered through a layer of diatom earth. The clarified filtrate was dialyzed in a Visking cellophane tube against running tap water for 24h, and evaporated to 1/4 of its original volume under reduced pressure, to this was added 4 times volume of ethanol at room temperature. The gelatinous precipitate collected by centrifugation was washed with ethanol, and acetone, and dried at 30°C for 12h. Gel-filtration on Sepharose CL-2B showed that the higher molecular weight polysaccharides were extracted by treatment with a higher temperature and a lower molecular weight components which was eluted the position to the Vi increase in the amount with the length of extraction time.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86380104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Munehiko Tanaka, Wen-Kuei Chiu, Y. Nagashima, T. Taguchi
Maillard reaction products (MRP) were prepared by refluxing the mixture of L-histidine and D-glucose (1:3 molar ratio) in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 5, 7, and 9) for up to 24h. It was found that antioxidative effect of MRP increased as a function of reaction time, particularly at the later stage of the reaction. At higher initial pH, antioxidative effect of MRP became significant. It was also revealed that antioxidative effect exponentially increased as a function of the development of reducing power. MRP also retarded autoxidation of sardine oil, but their antioxidative effect to sardine oil was less than that to linoleic acid. Since POV of sardine oils which had been already oxidized (POV about 50 or 100) was decreased to some extent by the addition of MRP, it was sug-gested that MRP worked as peroxide destroyers besides autoxidation-breakers. Application of MRP (pH 9, 24h heating) to Kamaboko-type sardine products (boiled or deep-fried) was also performed. MRP were mixed in sardine minced meats at the levels of 0-5%. and the products were stored at 4°C. It was found that MRP effectively inhibited autoxidation of sardine products during storage.
{"title":"Application of antioxidative Maillard reaction products from histidine and glucose to sardine products","authors":"Munehiko Tanaka, Wen-Kuei Chiu, Y. Nagashima, T. Taguchi","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.54.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.54.1409","url":null,"abstract":"Maillard reaction products (MRP) were prepared by refluxing the mixture of L-histidine and D-glucose (1:3 molar ratio) in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 5, 7, and 9) for up to 24h. It was found that antioxidative effect of MRP increased as a function of reaction time, particularly at the later stage of the reaction. At higher initial pH, antioxidative effect of MRP became significant. It was also revealed that antioxidative effect exponentially increased as a function of the development of reducing power. MRP also retarded autoxidation of sardine oil, but their antioxidative effect to sardine oil was less than that to linoleic acid. Since POV of sardine oils which had been already oxidized (POV about 50 or 100) was decreased to some extent by the addition of MRP, it was sug-gested that MRP worked as peroxide destroyers besides autoxidation-breakers. Application of MRP (pH 9, 24h heating) to Kamaboko-type sardine products (boiled or deep-fried) was also performed. MRP were mixed in sardine minced meats at the levels of 0-5%. and the products were stored at 4°C. It was found that MRP effectively inhibited autoxidation of sardine products during storage.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"23 1","pages":"1409-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74945964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brown sole Limanda herzensteini from the northern and southern areas off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido were examined for the occurrence of a parasitic pennellid copepod, Haemobaphes diceraus. There were marked differences in prevalence of infection between the two areas but no significant differences in its level among collection localities within respective areas. These results suggest that brown sole in both areas do not intermingle with each other and Form separate popula-tions. The mean body length, body weight, and body condition of infected fish were lower than those of uninfected fish, indicating that this parasite induces adverse effects on brown sole such as the retardation of growth and the loss of weight.
{"title":"Occurrence and effects of Haemobaphes diceraus (Copepoda: Pennellidae) on brown sole Limanda herzensteini off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido.","authors":"K. Nagasawa, S. Maruyama","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.53.991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.53.991","url":null,"abstract":"Brown sole Limanda herzensteini from the northern and southern areas off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido were examined for the occurrence of a parasitic pennellid copepod, Haemobaphes diceraus. There were marked differences in prevalence of infection between the two areas but no significant differences in its level among collection localities within respective areas. These results suggest that brown sole in both areas do not intermingle with each other and Form separate popula-tions. The mean body length, body weight, and body condition of infected fish were lower than those of uninfected fish, indicating that this parasite induces adverse effects on brown sole such as the retardation of growth and the loss of weight.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"37 1","pages":"991-994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73275945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to elucidate the structure of L-amino acids and lecithin inducing feeding attraction activity, the attraction activity was behaviorally investigated on their derivatives for three test aquatic animals, adult oriental weatherfish Misgurunus anguillicaudatus, young black abalone Haliotis discus and/or juvenile yellowtail Seriola quiuqueradiata. The attraction activity of amino acid was ascertained to be largely depend on both α-carboxyl and α-amino groups, especially the former one on the basis of the experimental results of basic amino acid derivatives having a part of α-carboxyl and/or α-amino groups replaced with certain groups, and on a short straight carbon chain in simple amino acid from the results of neutral amino acid derivatives, amino-fatty acid compounds. In case of lecithin, it was demonstrated that the type of lecithin having trimethyl in α-N-moiety and higher saturated fatty acid in α-and β-residue groups is mostly effective to anattraction behavior on the basis of the experimental results of lecithin derivatives.
{"title":"Relationships between structure and feeding attraction activity of certain L-amino acids and lecithin in aquatic animals","authors":"K. Harada","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.53.2243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.53.2243","url":null,"abstract":"In order to elucidate the structure of L-amino acids and lecithin inducing feeding attraction activity, the attraction activity was behaviorally investigated on their derivatives for three test aquatic animals, adult oriental weatherfish Misgurunus anguillicaudatus, young black abalone Haliotis discus and/or juvenile yellowtail Seriola quiuqueradiata. The attraction activity of amino acid was ascertained to be largely depend on both α-carboxyl and α-amino groups, especially the former one on the basis of the experimental results of basic amino acid derivatives having a part of α-carboxyl and/or α-amino groups replaced with certain groups, and on a short straight carbon chain in simple amino acid from the results of neutral amino acid derivatives, amino-fatty acid compounds. In case of lecithin, it was demonstrated that the type of lecithin having trimethyl in α-N-moiety and higher saturated fatty acid in α-and β-residue groups is mostly effective to anattraction behavior on the basis of the experimental results of lecithin derivatives.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":"2243-2247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85875790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some individuals among fish of one batch grow much faster than others in the same condition. This phenomenon is well known in pond-culture of carp and the superior group in growth is called 'Tobi-koi' or shoot carp. Genetic influence on the diversity in growth rate are examined using fully genetically identical clonal crucian carp which is naturally occurring gynogenetic triploid fish. Ploidy was determined by the erythrocyte size and the number of chromosomes. Identity of clone was determined by scale grafting and electrophoresis. A greatvariation in size and weight was found even in clonal crucian carp, indicating the occurrence of superior group when the fry are reared with food of different particle size and in high densities in a small tank. On the other hand, neither shoot crucian carp nor a great varia-tion in growth was found when the fish were cultured in low densities and given a sufficient amount of food in a larger tank. These results suggest that the occurrence of superior group in a batch is not attributed to the genetic difference but to the environmental or ecological conditions.
{"title":"Variability in the growth of isogeneic crucian carp Carassius gibelio langsdorfii","authors":"T. Nakanishi, H. Onozato","doi":"10.2331/SUISAN.53.2099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2331/SUISAN.53.2099","url":null,"abstract":"Some individuals among fish of one batch grow much faster than others in the same condition. This phenomenon is well known in pond-culture of carp and the superior group in growth is called 'Tobi-koi' or shoot carp. Genetic influence on the diversity in growth rate are examined using fully genetically identical clonal crucian carp which is naturally occurring gynogenetic triploid fish. Ploidy was determined by the erythrocyte size and the number of chromosomes. Identity of clone was determined by scale grafting and electrophoresis. A greatvariation in size and weight was found even in clonal crucian carp, indicating the occurrence of superior group when the fry are reared with food of different particle size and in high densities in a small tank. On the other hand, neither shoot crucian carp nor a great varia-tion in growth was found when the fish were cultured in low densities and given a sufficient amount of food in a larger tank. These results suggest that the occurrence of superior group in a batch is not attributed to the genetic difference but to the environmental or ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":9361,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries","volume":"46 1","pages":"2099-2104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80018120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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