An outpouring of academic interest in the collapse of Yugoslavia and the subsequent wars of secession has developed key areas of critical analysis to approach the subject. While much of this recent work has emphasized the importance of persistent myths about the region and its people, little work has conclusively demonstrated the correlation between these misconceptions and policy formation. The use of popular, political memoirs as historical sources has been lightly treated in recent historiography, suggesting a reluctance to critically engage with the genre or accept these texts as valid sources of information. This case study argues that the political memoirs surrounding the collapse of Yugoslavia and the subsequent wars of secession complicate the assumed relationship between widespread myths of the region and the formation of policy at the military and diplomatic level.
{"title":"Political Memoirs, Myth, Policy, and the Wars of Yugoslav Secession","authors":"Cameron Whitehead","doi":"10.21971/P70C7R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P70C7R","url":null,"abstract":"An outpouring of academic interest in the collapse of Yugoslavia and the subsequent wars of secession has developed key areas of critical analysis to approach the subject. While much of this recent work has emphasized the importance of persistent myths about the region and its people, little work has conclusively demonstrated the correlation between these misconceptions and policy formation. The use of popular, political memoirs as historical sources has been lightly treated in recent historiography, suggesting a reluctance to critically engage with the genre or accept these texts as valid sources of information. This case study argues that the political memoirs surrounding the collapse of Yugoslavia and the subsequent wars of secession complicate the assumed relationship between widespread myths of the region and the formation of policy at the military and diplomatic level.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75325351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In February 1917 the residents of Banff, Alberta hosted the first Banff Winter Carnival. Aimed at a regional middle class market, the winter carnival became the base of local efforts to get people to visit the Rocky Mountains at a time of year when external promoters, like the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), were not interested in bringing tourists to the region. Local boosters used the established representation of Banff as a wilderness area and incorporated photographs into promotional text to create a different image of place informed by the experience of living in a national park. A careful examination of the 1920 promotional booklet, Banff Winter Sports: Banff Canada’s National Park in Winter, Canada’s Winter Playground, illustrates how Banff boosters used winter recreation and a visual emphasis on people at play in the mountains to make the town a place worth visiting in the winter months.
{"title":"“We Want Pictures so Kodak as You Go”: Promoting Winter Recreation in Banff in the 1920s","authors":"L. Wheeler","doi":"10.21971/P7HC7D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7HC7D","url":null,"abstract":"In February 1917 the residents of Banff, Alberta hosted the first Banff Winter Carnival. Aimed at a regional middle class market, the winter carnival became the base of local efforts to get people to visit the Rocky Mountains at a time of year when external promoters, like the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), were not interested in bringing tourists to the region. Local boosters used the established representation of Banff as a wilderness area and incorporated photographs into promotional text to create a different image of place informed by the experience of living in a national park. A careful examination of the 1920 promotional booklet, Banff Winter Sports: Banff Canada’s National Park in Winter, Canada’s Winter Playground, illustrates how Banff boosters used winter recreation and a visual emphasis on people at play in the mountains to make the town a place worth visiting in the winter months.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77506765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For most Canadians, Pierre Elliott Trudeau looms large as a central figure in later twentieth century Canadian history. Yet portions of Trudeau’s life have received much more attention than others. In contrast to his political career on which there seems to be no end of the making of books, his early development as a child and an adolescent has been largely neglected. And although Trudeau continues to command our attention, the most common question remains: “Who was Pierre Elliott Trudeau?” Even though multiple authors have addressed this question, few have successfully defined the younger Trudeau’s larger place in Canadian history as John English. 1 Max and Monique Nemni further contribute to the focus on who Trudeau was by looking at his youth from the viewpoint of an intellectual biography. The subject of theNemnisstudy is the young Trudeau, the model Brebeuf student, the conformist, and the defender of an ethnic and organic Quebec nationalism. This Trudeau, the authors suggest, was far from being the young rebel against authority that past biographers assert. The theme of Trudeau the outsider, the rootless individual who enjoyed irritating the other students and his teachers
{"title":"Max and Monique Nemni, Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944","authors":"T. Tovell","doi":"10.21971/P7601J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7601J","url":null,"abstract":"For most Canadians, Pierre Elliott Trudeau looms large as a central figure in later twentieth century Canadian history. Yet portions of Trudeau’s life have received much more attention than others. In contrast to his political career on which there seems to be no end of the making of books, his early development as a child and an adolescent has been largely neglected. And although Trudeau continues to command our attention, the most common question remains: “Who was Pierre Elliott Trudeau?” Even though multiple authors have addressed this question, few have successfully defined the younger Trudeau’s larger place in Canadian history as John English. 1 Max and Monique Nemni further contribute to the focus on who Trudeau was by looking at his youth from the viewpoint of an intellectual biography. The subject of theNemnisstudy is the young Trudeau, the model Brebeuf student, the conformist, and the defender of an ethnic and organic Quebec nationalism. This Trudeau, the authors suggest, was far from being the young rebel against authority that past biographers assert. The theme of Trudeau the outsider, the rootless individual who enjoyed irritating the other students and his teachers","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88683623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Mexica in the Central Valley of Mexico witnessed the development, expansion and collapse of their empire in the space of only two hundred years. Although the Empire’s collapse was swift and thorough, suggesting a weak structure in the first place, the sophisticated political and ideological development and the whirlwind expansion of the Mexican state, suggests just the opposite. The imperial leadership at Tenochtitlan accomplished the loose organization of city-states that was empire by the coercive and manipulative ideological domination of its civilian populations. The state ideology or value system of the elite was a unique product of the political environment of Central Mexico and the predominance of violent confrontation in that environment.
{"title":"The Mexican Imperial Dream: The Role of the State, the Civilian and Institutions of Tenochtitlan","authors":"Lindsay C Sidders Hodgins","doi":"10.21971/P7M591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7M591","url":null,"abstract":"The Mexica in the Central Valley of Mexico witnessed the development, expansion and collapse of their empire in the space of only two hundred years. Although the Empire’s collapse was swift and thorough, suggesting a weak structure in the first place, the sophisticated political and ideological development and the whirlwind expansion of the Mexican state, suggests just the opposite. The imperial leadership at Tenochtitlan accomplished the loose organization of city-states that was empire by the coercive and manipulative ideological domination of its civilian populations. The state ideology or value system of the elite was a unique product of the political environment of Central Mexico and the predominance of violent confrontation in that environment.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88610021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Roman Calendar","authors":"Dwayne A. Meisner","doi":"10.21971/P7GC73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7GC73","url":null,"abstract":"The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82669672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Council of Assiniboia, whose members were appointed by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), held administrative, judicial and legislative powers over the Red River colony. The Council's main challenge was to remain relevant to the Red River settlers while simultaneously adhering to the priorities of the HBC. Through numerous petitions and occasional riots the population of Red River acquired both representation and power in the Council. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relations of power underlying the transformation of not only the Council, but of the colony as a whole.
{"title":"The Rules of Red River: The Council of Assiniboia and its Impact on the Colony, 1820-1869","authors":"Nelly Laudicina","doi":"10.21971/P7CP44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7CP44","url":null,"abstract":"The Council of Assiniboia, whose members were appointed by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), held administrative, judicial and legislative powers over the Red River colony. The Council's main challenge was to remain relevant to the Red River settlers while simultaneously adhering to the priorities of the HBC. Through numerous petitions and occasional riots the population of Red River acquired both representation and power in the Council. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relations of power underlying the transformation of not only the Council, but of the colony as a whole.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77710916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caroline Vout: Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome","authors":"Tracene Harvey","doi":"10.21971/P7DK5S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7DK5S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77875714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nándor Dreisziger: Hungarians From Ancient Times to 1956. Biographical and Historical Essays","authors":"E. Bodnar","doi":"10.21971/P7P30J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7P30J","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90208937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MacLeod, A. Donald: C. Stacey Woods and the Evangelical Rediscovery of the University","authors":"Hubert Villeneuve","doi":"10.21971/P78W2H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P78W2H","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On February 28, 1947, an uprising began and was followed by the massacre of thousands of ethnic Taiwanese. Although the memory of this massacre was suppressed by forty years of martial law, it has recently become an important socio-political symbol in modern Taiwan. The construction of the symbolic mythology of the 228 Incident has remade the massacre as an important historical event and a divisive tool in the political and ethnic turmoil of Taiwan. This paper examines the event of the 228 Incident and determines how the incident has been mythologized in modern political discourses due to its recently acquired symbolic status in Taiwan’s history. The paper pays particular attention to interpretations and reactions of Taiwan’s two major political parties.
{"title":"Taiwan’s 228 Incident and the Politics of Placing Blame","authors":"Craig A. Smith","doi":"10.21971/P7XK5F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/P7XK5F","url":null,"abstract":"On February 28, 1947, an uprising began and was followed by the massacre of thousands of ethnic Taiwanese. Although the memory of this massacre was suppressed by forty years of martial law, it has recently become an important socio-political symbol in modern Taiwan. The construction of the symbolic mythology of the 228 Incident has remade the massacre as an important historical event and a divisive tool in the political and ethnic turmoil of Taiwan. This paper examines the event of the 228 Incident and determines how the incident has been mythologized in modern political discourses due to its recently acquired symbolic status in Taiwan’s history. The paper pays particular attention to interpretations and reactions of Taiwan’s two major political parties.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90276052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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