Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-91-99
A. Mihaylov, E. Petrovskii, P. Pavlova, I. Strelkov
To date, the development of oil fields on the territory of Russia is concentrated in the regions of the Far North. A significant part of these areas is composed of permafrost rocks (MMP). Previously, it was believed that the depth of MMP propagation does not exceed 700 m, however, a geoinformation study of the Markhinskaya well established the spread of MMP to a depth of 1400 m at an average rock temperature of minus 3 C. Thus, the operation of wells in cryolithzones during the thawing of MMP causes serious complications, up to the crumpling of casing strings and tubing. Technical solutions aimed at improving the operational reliability of oil wells in the conditions of the Far North are determined by the use of specialized equipment. The choice of the type of equipment for the specified operating conditions is due to the calculation of the thermal and mechanical interaction of the well with the MMP, as well as parametric control of the most dangerous zones. This article suggests an approach to improve the operational reliability of a well in a cryolytic zone by creating a multilayer structure of a protective casing of a thermally insulated pipe with ultrasonic monitoring of the warming zones of the MMP. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation of the protective casing is calculated depending on the insulation thickness and the life of the well. A comparative assessment of the radius of thawing of the MMP in the borehole space of the well was performed.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF OIL WELLS IN THE FAR NORTH","authors":"A. Mihaylov, E. Petrovskii, P. Pavlova, I. Strelkov","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-91-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-91-99","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the development of oil fields on the territory of Russia is concentrated in the regions of the Far North. A significant part of these areas is composed of permafrost rocks (MMP). Previously, it was believed that the depth of MMP propagation does not exceed 700 m, however, a geoinformation study of the Markhinskaya well established the spread of MMP to a depth of 1400 m at an average rock temperature of minus 3 C. Thus, the operation of wells in cryolithzones during the thawing of MMP causes serious complications, up to the crumpling of casing strings and tubing. Technical solutions aimed at improving the operational reliability of oil wells in the conditions of the Far North are determined by the use of specialized equipment. The choice of the type of equipment for the specified operating conditions is due to the calculation of the thermal and mechanical interaction of the well with the MMP, as well as parametric control of the most dangerous zones. This article suggests an approach to improve the operational reliability of a well in a cryolytic zone by creating a multilayer structure of a protective casing of a thermally insulated pipe with ultrasonic monitoring of the warming zones of the MMP. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation of the protective casing is calculated depending on the insulation thickness and the life of the well. A comparative assessment of the radius of thawing of the MMP in the borehole space of the well was performed.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-37-50
L. Kachemceva, E. Leonidova
The quarters of low-rise residential buildings of the first post-war decade in Belgorod form the basis of the architectural heritage of the “Stalin era”. This study is aimed at analyzing the architectural features of residential development in the first post-war decade in the city of Belgorod on the example of a block bounded by B. Khmelnitsky Avenue, Shevchenko and Parkovaya Streets. The study is based on an integrated approach, the work uses the methods of retrospective, urban planning, and compositional analysis. The features of the time period indicated in the work for the history of Soviet architecture and Belgorod as an urban entity are shown. The current state of the quarter and its location in the urban structure of Belgorod are considered. The role and place of the quarter in the transformation and further development of the planning structure of the city in the post-war period are determined. The composition of the space-planning construction of the quarter and the front of its development is analyzed. The features of the interaction of block development with its surroundings and terrain are determined. The article touches upon the development of standard projects of residential buildings and the technology of erecting buildings for mass development in the post-war period. The main series of standard projects and the design organizations involved in their development are indicated. The main typical projects of residential buildings used in the development of the quarter were identified. The structural, planning, compositional, architectural features of residential buildings of the quarter are analyzed.
{"title":"ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST POST-WAR DECADE IN BELGOROD","authors":"L. Kachemceva, E. Leonidova","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-37-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-7-37-50","url":null,"abstract":"The quarters of low-rise residential buildings of the first post-war decade in Belgorod form the basis of the architectural heritage of the “Stalin era”. This study is aimed at analyzing the architectural features of residential development in the first post-war decade in the city of Belgorod on the example of a block bounded by B. Khmelnitsky Avenue, Shevchenko and Parkovaya Streets. The study is based on an integrated approach, the work uses the methods of retrospective, urban planning, and compositional analysis. The features of the time period indicated in the work for the history of Soviet architecture and Belgorod as an urban entity are shown. The current state of the quarter and its location in the urban structure of Belgorod are considered. The role and place of the quarter in the transformation and further development of the planning structure of the city in the post-war period are determined. The composition of the space-planning construction of the quarter and the front of its development is analyzed. The features of the interaction of block development with its surroundings and terrain are determined. The article touches upon the development of standard projects of residential buildings and the technology of erecting buildings for mass development in the post-war period. The main series of standard projects and the design organizations involved in their development are indicated. The main typical projects of residential buildings used in the development of the quarter were identified. The structural, planning, compositional, architectural features of residential buildings of the quarter are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89109383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-119-126
A. Pegachkov
This article deals with issues related to increasing the performance potential of adjustable mecha-nisms, using the gas distribution system of KAMAZ 740.735 engine. At the same time, the main task is to optimize the technological process for the manufacturing the gas distribution mechanism, in order to increase the performance potential, for which a generalized “time- flow section” indicator is introduced, the parameters of which are studied experimentally, with further analysis and calculation of experimental data using the STATISTICA DOE software . As a result of the studies, it was decided to investigate the state of the selected gas distribution system during the operation period (before the 1-st maintenance), which will be able to increase the reliability of assessing the potential performance of selected gas distribu-tion mechanism.
{"title":"Improving the performance of adjustable mechanisms by example gas distribution systems for KAMAZ engines.","authors":"A. Pegachkov","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-119-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-119-126","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with issues related to increasing the performance potential of adjustable mecha-nisms, using the gas distribution system of KAMAZ 740.735 engine. At the same time, the main task is to optimize the technological process for the manufacturing the gas distribution mechanism, in order to increase the performance potential, for which a generalized “time- flow section” indicator is introduced, the parameters of which are studied experimentally, with further analysis and calculation of experimental data using the STATISTICA DOE software . As a result of the studies, it was decided to investigate the state of the selected gas distribution system during the operation period (before the 1-st maintenance), which will be able to increase the reliability of assessing the potential performance of selected gas distribu-tion mechanism.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86288487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-55-66
D. Alimova, M. Perkova
In the 20th century, a new direction of green construction appeared in architecture and construction industry. Green building implies the process of constructing and operating buildings that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, energy efficient, technologically advanced and comfortable for human habitation. Nowadays, many countries have a successful experience in developing and implementing systems to control and encourage green building. The most widespread ecological standards are BREEAM, LEED and DGNB. These main international standards for green certification of buildings are reviewed in the research. The main groups of criteria described in the green standards are identified. A comparative analysis of the requirements to the construction processes of international green standards is performed. Common features, advantages and disadvantages of international green building standards are revealed. The systemic approaches implemented in BREEAM, LEED and DGNB allow a building project to be assessed as reliably as possible and take into account its functional purpose. Green building standards have a strong engineering focus. BREEAM, LEED and DGNB principles have become the basis for local green building standards around the world.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR GREEN BUILDING","authors":"D. Alimova, M. Perkova","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-55-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-55-66","url":null,"abstract":"In the 20th century, a new direction of green construction appeared in architecture and construction industry. Green building implies the process of constructing and operating buildings that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, energy efficient, technologically advanced and comfortable for human habitation. Nowadays, many countries have a successful experience in developing and implementing systems to control and encourage green building. The most widespread ecological standards are BREEAM, LEED and DGNB. These main international standards for green certification of buildings are reviewed in the research. The main groups of criteria described in the green standards are identified. A comparative analysis of the requirements to the construction processes of international green standards is performed. Common features, advantages and disadvantages of international green building standards are revealed. The systemic approaches implemented in BREEAM, LEED and DGNB allow a building project to be assessed as reliably as possible and take into account its functional purpose. Green building standards have a strong engineering focus. BREEAM, LEED and DGNB principles have become the basis for local green building standards around the world.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-77-86
O. Bantserova, A. Kasimova
The bio-analogue design method is aimed at improving the architectural forms of a mobile home by selecting and applying optimal natural structures drawn up in the process of evolutionary development. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to determine the principles of creating mobile homes based on the bio-analogue design method. The research task is to study the features of the structure of living organisms and the functioning of natural systems to determine the ways of shaping and constructive solutions of mobile buildings. It is noted that the methods of architectural bionics should be aimed at studying the structural features of organic natural systems throughout their life cycle. In the course of the study, transforming natural models capable of changing the size and type of shape are studied (succulent plants, insects order the Lepidoptera, the family puffers); mobile natural objects with the ability to overcome distances by moving in space (plants from the fungi department, animals from the arthropod order, reptiles from the grass snake family). In result, the following principles of creating mobile homes are determined: compactness of the structural form of the building, its ability to repeatedly transform the volume and unhindered movement independently or with the help of kinematic properties of other systems. To consider the issues of shaping in nature and architecture, reference forms are taken - a cone, a spiral, a hexagonal prism, a sphere and spatial natural structures, such as shells, ribbed, lattice, mesh, folded and cable–stayed structures. Based on the research, conceptual models of mobile temporary dwellings for tourists, geologists, researchers of the North and nomadic pastoralists have been developed.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE BIO-ANALOGUE DESIGN METHOD IN THE FORMATION OF MOBILE DWELLINGS FOR TEMPORARY STAY","authors":"O. Bantserova, A. Kasimova","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-77-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-77-86","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-analogue design method is aimed at improving the architectural forms of a mobile home by selecting and applying optimal natural structures drawn up in the process of evolutionary development. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to determine the principles of creating mobile homes based on the bio-analogue design method. The research task is to study the features of the structure of living organisms and the functioning of natural systems to determine the ways of shaping and constructive solutions of mobile buildings. It is noted that the methods of architectural bionics should be aimed at studying the structural features of organic natural systems throughout their life cycle. In the course of the study, transforming natural models capable of changing the size and type of shape are studied (succulent plants, insects order the Lepidoptera, the family puffers); mobile natural objects with the ability to overcome distances by moving in space (plants from the fungi department, animals from the arthropod order, reptiles from the grass snake family). In result, the following principles of creating mobile homes are determined: compactness of the structural form of the building, its ability to repeatedly transform the volume and unhindered movement independently or with the help of kinematic properties of other systems. To consider the issues of shaping in nature and architecture, reference forms are taken - a cone, a spiral, a hexagonal prism, a sphere and spatial natural structures, such as shells, ribbed, lattice, mesh, folded and cable–stayed structures. Based on the research, conceptual models of mobile temporary dwellings for tourists, geologists, researchers of the North and nomadic pastoralists have been developed.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82638088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-46-54
A. Povarov, Y. Trushin
The technical condition of many apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in Saratov, built from 1977 to 1999, does not meet the current regulatory requirements in the field of creating optimal indoor climate parameters. The system of external thermal insulation of the "wet" type with a rigid fastening of the insulation is very common for the insulation of the external walls of these houses. It has been established that due to the fact that the masonry joints and its irregularities are not filled with mortar, the underestimated thickness of the insulation, a thin layer of the protective layer of plaster, as well as violations of the installation technology of the thermal insulation system, gaps are formed between the insulation plates and the walls, there is an access of cold air to the masonry of the walls, which leads to the appearance of condensate, freezing of walls, an increase in humidity and a decrease in the temperature of the indoor air in apartments. The penetration of cold air through the walls leads to increased heat loss, cooling of the masonry mass and a shift in the "dew point". As a result of the instrumental examination of houses, it is found that the freezing of moistened insulated walls led to an increase in their heat loss by 10-20%. An alternative system of point thermal insulation has been studied, in which the insulation boards are attached to the wall using hinged fasteners, excluding deformation and destruction of the protective plaster layer 10–20 mm thick and the insulation. The optimal thickness of the insulation brand PSB-S 25 for the climatic conditions of the city of Saratov is determined. The technology of mounting a movable thermal insulation system is improved using a deep penetration primer and glue for applying insulation to the plates, which makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure and reduce the cost of installation work. The effectiveness of the use of a movable thermal insulation system to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in the climatic conditions of Saratov is shown
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF THE THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM WALLS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS OF THE SECONDARY HOUSING OF THE CITY OF SARATOV","authors":"A. Povarov, Y. Trushin","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-46-54","url":null,"abstract":"The technical condition of many apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in Saratov, built from 1977 to 1999, does not meet the current regulatory requirements in the field of creating optimal indoor climate parameters. The system of external thermal insulation of the \"wet\" type with a rigid fastening of the insulation is very common for the insulation of the external walls of these houses. It has been established that due to the fact that the masonry joints and its irregularities are not filled with mortar, the underestimated thickness of the insulation, a thin layer of the protective layer of plaster, as well as violations of the installation technology of the thermal insulation system, gaps are formed between the insulation plates and the walls, there is an access of cold air to the masonry of the walls, which leads to the appearance of condensate, freezing of walls, an increase in humidity and a decrease in the temperature of the indoor air in apartments. The penetration of cold air through the walls leads to increased heat loss, cooling of the masonry mass and a shift in the \"dew point\". As a result of the instrumental examination of houses, it is found that the freezing of moistened insulated walls led to an increase in their heat loss by 10-20%. An alternative system of point thermal insulation has been studied, in which the insulation boards are attached to the wall using hinged fasteners, excluding deformation and destruction of the protective plaster layer 10–20 mm thick and the insulation. The optimal thickness of the insulation brand PSB-S 25 for the climatic conditions of the city of Saratov is determined. The technology of mounting a movable thermal insulation system is improved using a deep penetration primer and glue for applying insulation to the plates, which makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure and reduce the cost of installation work. The effectiveness of the use of a movable thermal insulation system to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in the climatic conditions of Saratov is shown","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84833961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-8-23
N. Kozhuhova
Geopolymer systems are currently quite promising among scientists in the field of building materials science in terms of free of cement binders and athermal synthesis materials due to a wide list of their positive properties that compete well with traditional analogs such as cement and cement concrete. The article provides a literary review of the current research and practical experience among Russian and foreign scientists on the issue of the synthesis of cellular concrete based on geopolymer. Based on a review analysis of modern publications in this field over the past 20-25 years, it has been shown that the key parameters that dominate the formation of a high-quality pore structure, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of cellular geopolymer concrete are the following: choice and preparation of the main raw material, taking into account its chemical the nature and microstructure of the system, the type of modifying and pore-forming component, the sequence of introduction of components, the conditions and mode of hardening, the technology of pore formation, etc. As a result of analytical research, it was also revealed that, despite the rather large number of works devoted to obtaining cellular geopolymer systems, in general, today there is no deep understanding of the principles of formation and behavior of the pore structure during the operational period in geopolymer systems.
{"title":"BACKGROUND OF GEOPOLYMER-BASED CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTION","authors":"N. Kozhuhova","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-8-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-8-23","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer systems are currently quite promising among scientists in the field of building materials science in terms of free of cement binders and athermal synthesis materials due to a wide list of their positive properties that compete well with traditional analogs such as cement and cement concrete. The article provides a literary review of the current research and practical experience among Russian and foreign scientists on the issue of the synthesis of cellular concrete based on geopolymer. Based on a review analysis of modern publications in this field over the past 20-25 years, it has been shown that the key parameters that dominate the formation of a high-quality pore structure, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of cellular geopolymer concrete are the following: choice and preparation of the main raw material, taking into account its chemical the nature and microstructure of the system, the type of modifying and pore-forming component, the sequence of introduction of components, the conditions and mode of hardening, the technology of pore formation, etc. As a result of analytical research, it was also revealed that, despite the rather large number of works devoted to obtaining cellular geopolymer systems, in general, today there is no deep understanding of the principles of formation and behavior of the pore structure during the operational period in geopolymer systems.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78774467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-97-105
S. Semencov, E. Kozyreva
The heritage of the estates of Russia as a whole, including in the St. Petersburg province, is currently almost destroyed, therefore, the study of the topic related to the possibility of preserving the objects of manor architecture is especially relevant for the restoration scientific direction. The estates of the highest nobility occupy a special place in the history of architecture, but many especially unique manor complexes have remained only in memories, and most of the survivors have preserved only a small part of the buildings in poor condition. The study of the territories of historical St. Petersburg and its immediate surroundings covers hundreds of estates. Among them, dozens of very large and historically significant ones can be identified. The paper highlights a new type of historical estate objects on the territory of St. Petersburg and suburban counties of St. Petersburg province - "near estates of the highest nobility" (estates of representatives of the first 4 ranks in the table of ranks of the Russian Empire, characterized by particularly large territories - up to 200 hectares – and a particularly complex structure), which covered several belts the imperial capital and its surroundings. It is concluded, based on the analysis of the existing objects of protection, that they do not take into account the main features of such estates, since most often there are no urban planning and intangible components of the object of protection in them (objects of protection)
{"title":"ESTATES OF THE HIGHEST NOBILITY IN THE TERRITORIES OF ST. PETERSBURG AND NEIGHBORING COUNTIES OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE IN THE 18TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY","authors":"S. Semencov, E. Kozyreva","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-97-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-97-105","url":null,"abstract":"The heritage of the estates of Russia as a whole, including in the St. Petersburg province, is currently almost destroyed, therefore, the study of the topic related to the possibility of preserving the objects of manor architecture is especially relevant for the restoration scientific direction. The estates of the highest nobility occupy a special place in the history of architecture, but many especially unique manor complexes have remained only in memories, and most of the survivors have preserved only a small part of the buildings in poor condition. The study of the territories of historical St. Petersburg and its immediate surroundings covers hundreds of estates. Among them, dozens of very large and historically significant ones can be identified. The paper highlights a new type of historical estate objects on the territory of St. Petersburg and suburban counties of St. Petersburg province - \"near estates of the highest nobility\" (estates of representatives of the first 4 ranks in the table of ranks of the Russian Empire, characterized by particularly large territories - up to 200 hectares – and a particularly complex structure), which covered several belts the imperial capital and its surroundings. It is concluded, based on the analysis of the existing objects of protection, that they do not take into account the main features of such estates, since most often there are no urban planning and intangible components of the object of protection in them (objects of protection)","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81830164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-34-45
A. Trautvain, D. Timofeev
Today, the highway is not just a construction site, but also an important component in the structure of the country's economic development. Recently, transport loads on the structural layer of pavement have increased many times over as a result of an increase in freight turnover on the roads of the automobile network. To maintain the operational reliability of roads and extend their life cycle, high-quality and innovative materials are needed, technological modes of work adapted to them, as well as timely laboratory research, quality control and monitoring of materials being developed. This will improve the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in the construction of pavement structural layers. One effective approach is to reinforce the pavement base using cement based asphalt granular concrete mix (AGC), which involves the recycling of local materials instead of expensive stone materials. In the work, studies were carried out on the effect of a binder based on NLMK PJSC granulated blast-furnace slag, modified with various chemical additives, on the physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt granular concrete mixture. The effectiveness of the developed compositions lies in the fact that the slag becomes more hydraulically reactive not as a result of activation with caustic alkali or other low-modulus soluble silicates, but due to the use of special reagents that do not adversely affect process equipment and workers. Moreover, the annual growth of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere in the production of cement expands the need for the use of alternative types of binders in construction. It has been established that samples of AGBS-K type asphalt-granular concrete mixture based on the developed compositions of an inorganic binder exceed the strength characteristics of composites using cement.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-24-33
Azmi Othman, N. Chernysheva, M. Drebezgova, E. Kovalenko, S. Vasheva
For the dynamically developing low-rise construction industry, there is a growing need to expand the range of building materials, including fast-hardening types of binders. Composite gypsum binders are effective, including a carefully selected mixture of gypsum binder, Portland cement and active mineral additives. Materials based on them harden quickly and gain the required strength. An increase in the performance characteristics of this type of binders is achieved when mineral and chemical additives are used in a complex. This helps to regulate the processes of their structure formation and hardening, depending on the activity of the components, changes in water demand, as well as the peptizing, adsorption and air-entrapping effects of chemical additives. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of chemical additives – superplasticizers MARF SU 84, MELFLUX 5581 F and the retarder of the setting time of PlastRetard PE – on the physico-mechanical properties of a hardened composite gypsum binder, including gypsum binder, Portland cement and a complex of mineral components (fine quartz sand, metacaolin VMK-45, limestone dust). The issues of management of its structuring processes are considered. It has been established that finely dispersed mineral additives from quartz sand, VMK-45 metacaolin and limestone dust are effective components for the production of composite gypsum binders. The developed complex chemical additives MARFSU 84 (0.1%)+PlastRetard PE (0.08%) and MELFLUX 5581 F (0.1%)+ PlastRetard PE (0.08%) can significantly slow down the beginning and end of setting of gypsum cement mixtures up to 45...48 min and increase the compressive strength of the hardened KGV after 28 days by 1.5 ...1.6 times (up to 18.3...20.4 MPa), respectively.
对于动态发展的低层建筑行业，越来越需要扩大建筑材料的范围，包括快速硬化类型的粘合剂。复合石膏粘结剂是有效的，包括精心挑选的石膏粘结剂，波特兰水泥和活性矿物添加剂的混合物。以它们为基础的材料迅速硬化并获得所需的强度。当在复合材料中使用矿物和化学添加剂时，这种类型的粘合剂的性能特性得到了提高。这有助于调节其结构形成和硬化过程，这取决于组分的活性，水需求的变化，以及化学添加剂的消化，吸附和空气夹持作用。本文研究了化学添加剂——高效减水剂MARF SU 84、MELFLUX 5581 F和缓凝剂PE——对一种硬化复合石膏粘结剂的物理力学性能的影响，该粘结剂包括石膏粘结剂、硅酸盐水泥和复合矿物成分(细石英砂、梅高岭土VMK-45、石灰石粉尘)。讨论了其结构过程的管理问题。研究表明，石英砂、VMK-45偏陶土和石灰石粉尘中分散较细的矿物添加剂是生产复合石膏粘结剂的有效组分。开发的复合化学添加剂MARFSU 84 (0.1%)+PlastRetard PE(0.08%)和MELFLUX 5581 F (0.1%)+PlastRetard PE(0.08%)可以显著减缓石膏水泥混合物的开始和结束凝结，最高可达45…28d后，KGV的抗压强度分别提高1.5 ~ 1.6倍(达到18.3 ~ 20.4 MPa)。
{"title":"FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION OF COMPOSITE GYPSUM BINDERS WITH A COMPLEX OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC ADDITIVES","authors":"Azmi Othman, N. Chernysheva, M. Drebezgova, E. Kovalenko, S. Vasheva","doi":"10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-24-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-4-24-33","url":null,"abstract":"For the dynamically developing low-rise construction industry, there is a growing need to expand the range of building materials, including fast-hardening types of binders. Composite gypsum binders are effective, including a carefully selected mixture of gypsum binder, Portland cement and active mineral additives. Materials based on them harden quickly and gain the required strength. An increase in the performance characteristics of this type of binders is achieved when mineral and chemical additives are used in a complex. This helps to regulate the processes of their structure formation and hardening, depending on the activity of the components, changes in water demand, as well as the peptizing, adsorption and air-entrapping effects of chemical additives. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of chemical additives – superplasticizers MARF SU 84, MELFLUX 5581 F and the retarder of the setting time of PlastRetard PE – on the physico-mechanical properties of a hardened composite gypsum binder, including gypsum binder, Portland cement and a complex of mineral components (fine quartz sand, metacaolin VMK-45, limestone dust). The issues of management of its structuring processes are considered. It has been established that finely dispersed mineral additives from quartz sand, VMK-45 metacaolin and limestone dust are effective components for the production of composite gypsum binders. The developed complex chemical additives MARFSU 84 (0.1%)+PlastRetard PE (0.08%) and MELFLUX 5581 F (0.1%)+ PlastRetard PE (0.08%) can significantly slow down the beginning and end of setting of gypsum cement mixtures up to 45...48 min and increase the compressive strength of the hardened KGV after 28 days by 1.5 ...1.6 times (up to 18.3...20.4 MPa), respectively.","PeriodicalId":9367,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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