Addictive behaviors最新文献

Objective: Cannabis use has increased in the United States as states have legalized/decriminalized recreational and/or medicinal use. The primary aim of this study was to examine daily associations between cannabis use and health (physical activity [PA]) and substance use (alcohol consumption, cigarette use) behaviors.

Method: Data from a 28-day nationwide study that prompted daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) were used to assess daily cannabis use, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), alcohol containing drinks consumed, and cigarettes smoked. Only participants who reported cannabis use on at least one day during the study period were included in the analysis (N = 98). Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations between cannabis use and same-day health and substance use behaviors while adjusting for race, biological sex, and age.

Results: Daily cannabis use was positively associated with daily PA (p = 0.04, 3.31-minute higher PA duration on use vs. non-use days), number of alcohol containing drinks consumed (p = 0.01, 0.45 more drinks on use vs. non-use days), and number of cigarettes smoked (p = 0.01, 0.63 more cigarettes on use vs. non-use days).

Conclusions: This study was among the first to use EMAs to examine associations between daily cannabis use and same-day PA, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. Overall, findings indicated that daily cannabis use is associated with higher engagement in these daily health and substance use behaviors. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms linking cannabis use with these and other behaviors.

Introduction: The impact of e-cigarette flavoring on e-cigarette uptake and switching to e-cigarettes among adults who smoke is critical to e-cigarette regulation in the United Sates. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess the impact of e-cigarette flavoring choice on e-cigarette uptake and changes in cigarette smoking in a large nationwide trial of e-cigarette provision in the United States.

Methods: A free four-week supply of e-cigarettes was provided with minimal instructions to use to adults who smoke (N = 427). Participants selected from five flavor options: tobacco, menthol, blue/blackberry (one flavor), apple melon, or iced fruit. Participants could choose up to two flavors for each of two, two-week provisions of e-cigarettes.

Results: Participants who received an e-cigarette were 52 % female, 32 % non-white, and smoked an average (SD) of 14.8 (7.2) cigarettes per day at baseline. Only 5 % (n = 22) of participants chose to exclusively receive tobacco flavor. Compared to participants who exclusively received the tobacco flavor, participants who received any other flavor combination had greater e-cigarette uptake at the end of product provision (74 % vs. 55 %), were more likely to reduce cigarette smoking by at least 50 % at the end of product provision (34 % vs. 14 %) and at the final 6-month follow up (29 % vs. 5 %), and numerically, but not statistically, more likely to be abstinent from cigarettes at the end of product provision (11 % vs. 5 %) and the final 6-month follow-up (14 % vs. 5 %).

Conclusions: Results suggest that non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors may be more appealing than tobacco flavors, and better promote uptake of e-cigarettes and cigarette smoking reduction. Large-scale randomized trials in which participants are assigned to either tobacco or non-tobacco flavors are critical.

Aims: To investigate adolescents' perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on several aspects of their lives (mental health, well-being, family situation, peers, school, dieting, and physical activity) in relation to risk behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use, drunkenness, and cannabis use.

Methods: Data were used from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2021/2022, comprising 106,221 adolescents aged 11-15 (50.9% females) from 21 European countries. The data analysis plan involved Multilevel Generalized Latent Class Analysis (GLCA) models, latent class membership, and substance use behaviors, with alcohol consumption, smoking, drunkenness, and cannabis use as distal outcomes.

Findings: GLCA identified 14 % of the adolescents as negatively or very negatively impacted by the pandemic and 42 % with a positive or very positive impact. The remaining 44 % of adolescents were not attributed with either a negative or positive impact. In the first group, girls, older adolescents, and adolescents from less affluent families were overrepresented. The negatively impacted group was particularly prevalent (>25 %) in countries such as Hungary, Cyprus, Greece, and Poland. Negatively impacted adolescents exhibited a higher risk of smoking, drunkenness, and cannabis use compared to their peers in the positively impacted group after adjusting for sex, age, and family wealth.

Conclusions: Results of the 2021/22 HBSC study highlighted an elevated level of substance use among adolescents who perceived a stronger negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their lives. These findings indicate that the pandemic has put a particular strain on girls, older and less wealthy adolescents. They highlight the need for special attention and tailor-made interventions to deal with stressful future events that may impact on the life and mental health of these adolescents.

Objective: Alcohol and cannabis are two of the most widely used substances in the United States, where sleep problems are also prominent. Although poor sleep is linked to substance use, little is known about how prior-night sleep contributes to next-day decisions to use substances in daily life. This study tested the impact of prior-night sleep duration and quality on momentary motives for alcohol (Aim 1) and cannabis use (Aim 2).

Methods: Adults reporting simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis at least twice per week (N = 88; 60 % female, 85 % White, Mage = 25.22) completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment with 5 + surveys per day. Morning surveys assessed prior-night sleep duration and quality, and all surveys assessed alcohol and cannabis use and motives for use. Multilevel models tested each aim.

Results: For Aim 1, at the within-person level, longer prior-night sleep duration was associated with greater endorsement of depression-coping motives for alcohol, but only among those reporting relatively high levels of depression at baseline. Better prior-night sleep quality was associated with greater enhancement drinking motives the next day. For Aim 2, at the within-person level, longer prior night sleep duration was associated with lower enhancement motives for cannabis use.

Conclusion: Enhancement motives for alcohol and cannabis use change as a function of day-to-day changes in sleep duration and quality. Findings highlight the idea that treatment for sleep disturbance could influence substance use motives, perhaps thereby reducing subsequent use and related consequences.