American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias最新文献

ObjectiveTo explore the association between lymphocyte-high density lipoprotein ratio (LHR) and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults.MethodsThis study included participants aged ≥65 years from the 2008 to 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, with a score of less than 24 points considered indicative of cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were applied to investigate the association between LHR and cognitive impairment.ResultsOf 3556 participants, 1625 (45.7%) suffered from cognitive impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low LHR was associated with cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.62, P = 0.002].ConclusionsLower LHR was associated with cognitive impairment in Chinese older people. This finding suggests LHR could serve as a novel and accessible biomarker for identifying high-risk aging populations.

This review examines the application of olfactory testing in the early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting its potential and challenges in early screening and intervention. Olfactory function is typically divided into three domains: odor identification, odor discrimination, and odor threshold. Among these, odor identification and discrimination are closely linked to higher cognitive processes and exhibit significant impairment in patients with AD and MCI. Moreover, the anatomical and functional characteristics of the olfactory system make it a promising target for the early detection of neurodegenerative disorders. This review also outlines various olfactory assessment tools and evaluates their clinical utility. Future research should aim to enhance the accuracy and cultural adaptability of olfactory tests and integrate them with multimodal diagnostic approaches to advance early detection and intervention strategies for AD.

Music-based interventions show promise for attenuating caregiver distress (CD) in informal dementia caregivers; however, research on comparable dyadic interventions is limited. This study aimed to provide a novel evaluation of whether a dyadic choral intervention could facilitate reductions in CD across 2 choral seasons. 30 caregiving dyads participated in a dementia choir across 2 ∼3.5-month choral seasons separated by a ∼4-month summer break: a naturalistic ABA design. Repeated assessment of the Zarit Burden Interview yielded up to 7 assessments of CD across the 2 choral seasons. Results showed that CD significantly declined across a participant's first choral season, significantly rebounded to new highs upon returning from a summer break, and began to decline again; though, this latter trajectory was not significant. These results highlight the effectiveness of dyadic, music-based interventions for attenuating CD in dementia caregivers, and provides a novel methodological paradigm for use in future research.

BackgroundA validated instrument for assessing adolescent attitudes toward dementia in Chinese-speaking communities is currently lacking. This study aims to translate the Brief-AADS into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties of the Brief AADS-C.MethodsThe methodological study employed a cross-sectional design with 2 phases. Data was collected in Macao and Shenzhen, China.ResultsThe scale demonstrated excellent content validity(S-CVI = 0.99) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.814). Test-retest reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.647). EFA identified a three-factor solution "Perceptions", "Acceptance", and "Engagement" with 11items-accounting for 56.07% of the variance. CFA supported this 3-factor structure with acceptable goodness of fit indices (χ²/df = 3.076, GFI = 0.937, SRMR = 0.0579, RMSEA = 0.077). All factor loadings of the items ranged from 0. 33to 0.82, indicating strong item-factor relationships.ConclusionsThe Brief AADS-C is reliable and valid for assessing adolescent attitudes toward dementia in Chinese-speaking regions.

The Faith Care Family (FCF) Project was a telephone based, volunteer-led intervention for African American Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) family caregivers that was piloted in one predominantly African American church. Focus groups with faith leaders and parishioners informed the training and intervention. Eighteen church volunteers participated in the FCF Project training, but 9 of them were paired with family caregivers and completed the FCF Project intervention. Church volunteers indicated overall significant improvements knowledge of AD/ADRD after the training as well as after the intervention. Quantitative results indicated that caregivers increased their knowledge of dementia, reported improved coping skills, and reported increased positive aspects of caregiving. Feeling a connection, normalizing the challenges of caregiving, gaining or reinforcing knowledge, and sharing community resources were themes from qualitative interviews with the family caregivers. Overall, findings indicate that the FCF Project shows promise as an intervention for African American AD/ADRD family caregivers.

Previous research has shown that rTMS improves visual working memory (VWM) performance in older people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, the influence of stimulation parameters on the effect is unclear. We focus on the total number of stimulus pulses and aim to investigate whether 10 Hz rTMS with different total pulses could have different effects on VWM in SCD subjects. 10 Hz rTMS with different total pulses targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)was applied to 34 SCD subjects who completed both neuropsychological tests and EEG for the VWM task. Different EEG techniques were used simultaneously to investigate the effect of different numbers of rTMS pulses. Our study found that an increased number of 10 Hz rTMS pulses targeting the left DLPFC with increased cortical excitability, higher power of gamma oscillations and optimized allocation of attentional resources can achieve greater improvement in VWM in SCD subjects.

Handwriting is a preferred identifier in detecting Alzheimer's disease that enables diagnosis about people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the handwriting and make the early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with the highest possible prediction rates. In this regard, 9 machine learning algorithms were used. Seven feature selection methods were used to determine the most effective features for Alzheimer's disease prediction to eliminate unnecessary ones and increase model prediction performance. The models were trained and tested on the DARWIN dataset with both train - test split and cross-validation methods. According to the results, it has been evaluated that the highest performance criterion values are generally achieved when the SHAP is used as the feature selection method. According to the results, the appropriate model that achieved the highest performance values was determined as the hybrid SHAP-Support Vector Machine model with 0.9623 accuracy, 0.9643 precision, 0.9630 recall and 0.9636 F1-Score.

Objective: To assess the role of Machine Learning (ML) in identification critical factors of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: 371 elderly individuals were ultimately included in the ML analysis. Demographic information (including gender, age, parity, visual acuity, auditory function, mobility, and medication history) and 35 features from 10 assessment scales were used for modeling. Five machine learning classifiers were used for evaluation, employing a procedure involving feature extraction, selection, model training, and performance assessment to identify key indicative factors.

Results: The Random Forest model, after data preprocessing, Information Gain, and Meta-analysis, utilized three training features and four meta-features, achieving an area under the curve of 0.961 and a accuracy of 0.894, showcasing exceptional accuracy for the identification of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusions: ML serves as a identification tool for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Using Information Gain and Meta-feature analysis, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale information emerged as crucial for training the Random Forest model.

Objectives: Neuropsychological test batteries, which accurately and comprehensively assess cognitive functions, are a crucial approach in the early detection of and interventions for cognitive impairments. However, these tests have yet to gain wide clinical application in China owing to their complexity and time-consuming nature. This study aimed to develop the Computerized Neurocognitive Battery for Chinese-Speaking participants (CNBC), an autorun and autoscoring cognitive assessment tool to provide efficient and accurate cognitive evaluations for Chinese-Speaking individuals.

Methods: The CNBC was developed through collaboration between clinical neurologists and software engineers. Qualified volunteers were recruited to complete CNBC and traditional neurocognitive batteries. The reliability and validity of the CNBC were evaluated by analyzing the correlations between the measurements obtained from the computerized and the paper-based assessment and those between software-based scoring and manual scoring.

Results: The CNBC included 4 subtests and an autorun version. Eighty-six volunteers aged 51-82 years with 7-22 years of education were included. Significant correlations (0.256-0.666) were observed between paired measures associated with attention, executive function, and episodic memory from the CNBC and the traditional paper-based neurocognitive batteries. This suggests a strong construct validity of the CNBC in assessing these cognitive domains. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between manual scoring and system scoring ranged from 0.904-1.0, indicating excellent inter-rater reliability for the CNBC.

Interpretation: A novel CNBC equipped with automated testing and scoring features was developed in this study. The preliminary results confirm its strong reliability and validity, indicating its promising potential for clinical utilization.

Introduction: To evaluate whether both acute and chronic low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) affect brain functions of healthy male and female mice. Methods: Ultrasound (frequency: 1.5 MHz; pulse: 1.0 kHz; spatial average temporal average (SATA) intensity: 25 mW/cm²; and pulse duty cycle: 20%) was applied at mouse head in acute test for 20 minutes, and in chronic experiment for consecutive 10 days, respectively. Behaviors were then evaluated. Results: Both acute and chronic LIPUS at 25 mW/cm² exposure did not affect the abilities of movements, mating, social interaction, and anxiety-like behaviors in the male and female mice. However, physical restraint caused struggle-like behaviors and short-time memory deficits in chronic LIPUS groups in the male mice. Conclusion: LIPUS at 25 mW/cm² itself does not affect brain functions, while physical restraint for LIPUS therapy elicits struggle-like behaviors in the male mice. An unbound helmet targeted with ultrasound intensity at 25-50 mW/cm² is proposed for clinical brain disease therapy.