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Linguistic Othering and epistemic injustice in philosophy 哲学中的语言他者论与认识论的不公正
Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00223-1
Amandine Catala

In this symposium piece, I follow Lu-Adler’s lead in scrutinizing the connections between linguistic Othering and prevailing yet exclusionary academic practices of knowledge production, focusing on linguistic epistemic injustice in academia. Specifically, I suggest that in a global academic context marked by sharp inequalities of opportunity due inter alia to linguistic Othering, language often operates as a threefold criterion for knowledge validation and hence for the allocation of credibility and intelligibility. I submit that linguistic selection (i.e., which language is used for knowledge production and transmission), linguistic form (i.e., the way a given language is spoken or written), and linguistic content (i.e., the words or concepts a given language offers and uses to describe and make sense of the world) are all ways in which language can be used to validate or invalidate processes of knowledge production and thereby result in unjust allocations of credibility and intelligibility. I argue that language can thus sometimes function as what I have called elsewhere a “meta-epistemic filter,” which creates an unjust credibility and intelligibility economy by predetermining in a structurally biased way what kinds of epistemic contributions are (made) available or count as admissible or inadmissible in the first place. I close by exploring how we might foster greater linguistic epistemic justice in academia by cultivating meta-linguistic awareness and how this might be facilitated by attending to the role that experiential (as opposed to merely propositional) knowledge might play.

在这篇研讨会文章中,我跟随Lu-Adler的领导,仔细审查语言他者和知识生产的普遍但排他性的学术实践之间的联系,重点关注学术界的语言认知不公正。具体来说,我认为,在全球学术背景下,由于语言他者(除其他外)导致的机会严重不平等,语言通常作为知识验证的三重标准,从而用于分配可信度和可理解性。我认为,语言选择(即,用于知识生产和传播的语言),语言形式(即,给定语言的口语或书面方式)和语言内容(即,给定语言提供和使用的单词或概念,以描述和理解世界)都是语言可以用来验证或无效知识生产过程的方式,从而导致可信度和可理解性的不公平分配。因此,我认为语言有时可以发挥我在其他地方所说的“元认知过滤器”的作用,它以一种结构上有偏见的方式预先决定了哪些类型的认知贡献是可用的,哪些是可接受的,哪些是不可接受的,从而创造了一种不公正的可信度和可理解性经济。最后,我探讨了我们如何通过培养元语言意识来促进学术界更大的语言认知正义,以及如何通过关注经验知识(而不仅仅是命题知识)可能发挥的作用来促进这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Silencing and world-making: commentary on Lu-Adler’s “Kant on Public Reason and the Linguistic Other” 沉默与世界建构:评卢-阿德勒《论公共理性与语言他者的康德》
Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00224-0
Damian Melamedoff-Vosters

In this response to Lu-Adler’s article, I focus on her claim that Kant’s positionality gives his theorizing “ideology-forming” and “world-making” power. I explore a way of understanding this idea through speech act theory, and in particular the way in which speech act theory interacts with the phenomenon of silencing. I propose two ways in which Kant’s positionality could give him world-making power. First, Kant (and other scholars) can be in a position of performing the kinds of speech acts that themselves constitute the creation of certain forms of oppression, much in the way in which a legislator can create an oppressive law simply by proclaiming it to be so. Second, Kant can be in a position of creating an illocutionary disabling effect, namely a situation in which Chinese scholars become unable to perform the speech act of assertion in academic contexts.

在对卢-阿德勒文章的回应中,我主要关注她的主张,即康德的立场性赋予了他的理论化“意识形态形成”和“世界创造”的力量。我通过言语行为理论,特别是言语行为理论与沉默现象的相互作用,探索了一种理解这一思想的方法。我提出两种方式,让康德的位置性赋予他创造世界的力量。首先,康德(和其他学者)可能处于这样一种境地,他们的言论行为本身构成了某种压迫形式的创造,就像立法者可以通过简单地宣布它是这样来创造一种压迫性的法律一样。其次,康德可能会造成一种言外致残效应,即中国学者无法在学术语境中进行断言的言语行为。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to Current Themes in Epistemology: Asian Epistemology Network 当前认识论主题导论:亚洲认识论网络
Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00218-y
Davide Fassio, Weng Hong Tang, Ru Ye

This is an introduction to the Topical Collection Current Themes in Epistemology: Asian Epistemology Network.

这是一本专题文集《认识论的当前主题:亚洲认识论网络》的介绍。
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引用次数: 0
More love troubles: Emma Gordon on biomedical enhancements and love relationships 更多爱情烦恼艾玛-戈登谈生物医学增强和爱情关系
Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00222-2
Sven Nyholm

In my contribution to this book symposium on Emma Gordon’s book Human Enhancement and Well-Being, I discuss and respond to Gordon’s extensive discussion and criticisms of a skeptical argument regarding the desirability of love enhancements that I presented in a 2015 paper. I start by first explaining the overall project of Gordon’s book, make a general comment about her overall approach (which I am broadly sympathetic with), and then proceed to a detailed discussion of Gordon’s critical engagement with my 2015 argument. I defend my argument against Gordon’s interesting criticisms and argue that Gordon has not defused my skeptical challenge to the desirability of love enhancements, but I also end by identifying key points of agreement between me and Gordon. Specific topics discussed include the distinction between ways of loving and causes of loving, the value of ways of loving and the value of the causes of loving, and whether or not the ideal of robust love attachments can be seen as compatible attachments causally dependent on love enhancements.

在本次关于艾玛-戈登(Emma Gordon)的《人类增强与福祉》一书的研讨会上,戈登对我在2015年的一篇论文中提出的关于爱情增强的可取性的怀疑论进行了广泛的讨论和批评,我在这篇文章中讨论并回应了戈登的批评。我首先解释了戈登这本书的总体计划,对她的总体方法做了一般性评论(我大致赞同),然后详细讨论了戈登对我 2015 年论点的批评。针对戈登有趣的批评,我为自己的论点进行了辩护,并认为戈登没有化解我对增强爱的可取性的怀疑性挑战,但最后我也指出了我与戈登之间的关键一致点。讨论的具体话题包括:爱的方式与爱的原因之间的区别、爱的方式的价值与爱的原因的价值,以及是否可以将稳固的爱的依恋理想视为因果关系上依赖于爱的增强的兼容依恋。
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引用次数: 0
Explaining Phenomenal Explanationism: a précis of Appearance & Explanation: Phenomenal Explanationism in Epistemology 解释现象解释论:《表象与解释》简述:认识论中的现象解释学
Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00212-4
Kevin McCain, Luca Moretti

In this article, we offer a précis of Appearance & Explanation: Phenomenal Explanationism in Epistemology. We explain the central features of our theory of epistemic justification, Phenomenal Explanationism (PE). Further, we describe how PE applies to justification of various kinds and how it solves problems that plague its closest rival, Phenomenal Conservatism (PC).

在本文中,我们将简要介绍《表象与解释》:认识论中的现象解释学。我们解释了我们的认识论理由理论--现象解释学(Phenomenal Explanationism,PE)--的核心特征。此外,我们还描述了现象解释论如何适用于各种类型的论证,以及它如何解决困扰其最接近的对手现象保守主义(PC)的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic diversity, global epistemic injustice, and Kantian public reason: comments on Lu-Adler on Kant’s linguistic Orientalism 语言多样性、全球认识论不公正与康德的公共理性:对卢-阿德勒论康德的语言东方学的评论
Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00215-1
Yao Lin

While I find Huaping Lu-Adler’s excavation of Kant’s long-overlooked linguistic Orientalism both enlightening and thought-provoking, I disagree with her diagnosis of its theoretical and practical relevance. On the one hand, while I agree that Kant’s positionality renders all his writings and teachings presumptively impactful, there is reason to doubt that his peculiar construction of the linguistic Oriental Other had much actual impact on his disciples. On the other hand, while I agree that the Kantian ideal of public reason is inapt for rectifying the linguistic-epistemic injustices of global knowledge production, I disagree on why it is so. In particular, I argue for a shift in theoretical and practical focuses, from linguistic biases and prejudices, to the structural epistemic constraints of linguistic diversity, as well as to other political-structural conditions shaping global knowledge production.

虽然我认为陆华平-阿德勒对康德长期被忽视的语言东方主义的挖掘既有启发性又发人深省,但我不同意她对其理论和实践意义的诊断。一方面,虽然我同意康德的立场使他的所有著作和学说都具有推定的影响力,但我们有理由怀疑他对语言东方他者的独特建构是否对他的弟子产生了很大的实际影响。另一方面,虽然我同意康德的公共理性理想不适合纠正全球知识生产中的语言学--表征学不公正现象,但我不同意为什么会这样。特别是,我主张将理论和实践的重点从语言偏见和成见转移到语言多样性的结构性认识论限制,以及影响全球知识生产的其他政治结构条件。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: No need for explanation 更正为无需解释
Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00208-0
Michael Huemer
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引用次数: 0
What naturalism? great apes, old-fashioned philosophy, an the McDowellian language game 什么自然主义?类人猿、老式哲学和麦克道尔语言游戏
Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00217-z
Corijn van Mazijk

The article discusses certain limitations of the “McDowellian language game” and its approach to naturalism, arguing that it remains too detached from contemporary scientific insights on mind and life. I question the relevance of McDowell’s conceptual framework—focusing on concepts like “second nature”, “Bildung”, and “reason” — for addressing empirical, scientifically grounded theories about human nature. As an alternative, I discuss my own interdisciplinary approach, which seeks (among others) to integrate findings from primate studies on gaze following and proto-referential gestures to shed light on the evolution of reason-giving capacities. This approach, situated at the intersection of philosophy and cognitive science, provides a more empirically grounded model for understanding responsiveness to reasons as well as other McDowellian themes.

文章讨论了 "麦克道尔语言游戏 "及其自然主义方法的某些局限性,认为它仍然过于脱离当代关于心灵和生命的科学见解。我质疑麦克道尔的概念框架(侧重于 "第二本性"、"教养 "和 "理性 "等概念)对于解决有关人类本性的经验性、科学性理论的相关性。作为一种替代方法,我讨论了我自己的跨学科方法,该方法试图(除其他外)整合灵长类动物关于目光追随和原指涉手势的研究成果,以揭示赋予理性能力的进化过程。这种方法位于哲学和认知科学的交叉点,为理解对理由的反应能力以及麦克道尔的其他主题提供了一个更有经验基础的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Internalist reliabilism in statistics and machine learning: thoughts on Jun Otsuka’s Thinking about Statistics 统计学和机器学习中的内部可靠论:对大塚纯《统计学思考》的思考
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00210-6
Hanti Lin

Otsuka (2023) argues for a correspondence between data science and traditional epistemology: Bayesian statistics is internalist; classical (frequentist) statistics is externalist, owing to its reliabilist nature; model selection is pragmatist; and machine learning is a version of virtue epistemology. Where he sees diversity, I see an opportunity for unity. In this article, I argue that classical statistics, model selection, and machine learning share a foundation that is reliabilist in an unconventional sense that aligns with internalism. Hence a unification under internalist reliabilism.

Otsuka(2023 年)认为数据科学与传统认识论之间存在对应关系:贝叶斯统计学是内部主义的;经典(频繁主义)统计学由于其可靠主义的性质,是外部主义的;模型选择是实用主义的;而机器学习是美德认识论的一个版本。在他看到多样性的地方,我看到了统一的机会。在本文中,我认为经典统计学、模型选择和机器学习都有一个共同的基础,那就是与内部主义相一致的非常规意义上的可靠主义。因此,内在可靠论是统一的。
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引用次数: 0
Defending phenomenal explanationism: responses to Fumerton, Huemer, McAllister, Piazza, Steup, and Zhang 为现象解释论辩护:对 Fumerton、Huemer、McAllister、Piazza、Steup 和 Zhang 的回应
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s44204-024-00213-3
Kevin McCain, Luca Moretti
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian journal of philosophy
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