Biological research for nursing最新文献

Background: Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women commonly experience vasomotor symptoms, bone loss, and mental health challenges that diminish quality of life (QoL). Although Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) has shown benefits in alleviating certain menopausal symptoms, its overall effects on health-related outcomes remain controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to systematically analyze the effects of TCE on menopausal symptoms, bone health, and mental health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across 7 databases through April 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of TCE in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 (RoB 2). Stata 17.0 was used for meta-analysis, with pooled outcomes reported as standardized or mean differences (SMD/MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Twelve RCTs involving 1,023 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that TCE significantly reduced menopausal symptoms (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.22), and depression (SMD = -1.73, 95% CI: -2.49 to -0.98). TCE also improved spine BMD (MD = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.08). For upper limb, thigh, pelvis, trunk, and whole-body BMD, effects remained uncertain due to the limited number of studies. Three studies assessed QoL, and pooled results showed no significant improvement in physical (MD = 4.52, 95% CI: -2.93 to 11.97) or mental component scores (MD = 3.28, 95% CI: -3.67 to 10.23). Conclusions: TCE appears to be an effective intervention for menopausal symptoms, spine BMD, and depression. However, its effects on QoL and other skeletal sites remain inconclusive. Larger, high-quality RCTs are warranted to clarify optimal protocols and long-term benefits.

BackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) experience epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), as described by DNA methylation based epigenetic clocks. It is critical to examine relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and EAA in people living with T2D to understand mechanisms interconnecting social and biologic drivers of health disparities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the role of SDOH as factors influencing EAA in T2D.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were comprehensively searched. Research reports were independently screened and abstracted; quality was assessed using JBI checklists. The Healthy People 2030 SDOH Framework guided this study. Domains of SDOH were benchmarked against the framework to identify roles and gaps.ResultsOf 25 included research reports which evaluated epigenetic aging in T2D, 64% describe at least one SDOH. SDOHs within education access and quality (44%), neighborhood and built environment (40%), and economic stability (36%) domains are the most well represented; however, the depth and breadth of conceptual understanding were limited. Concepts representative of SDOH including childhood low socioeconomic status and victimization, trauma, and lower education and income were positively associated with EAA in T2D.DiscussionWhile SDOH are increasingly included in studies of EAA in people with T2D, critical gaps in understanding the roles and relationships between SDOH and EAA were revealed. Findings support the need to move further than socioeconomic status to comprehensively explore SDOH domains influencing EAA in individuals living with T2D, which will provide a framework for identifying health inequities.

Background: Middle-aged adults experience degenerative aging-related changes, often differing by sex. Research identifying sex-specific factors contributing to biological aging among middle-aged adults remains limited. This study aimed to identify sex-specific factors influencing GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA), a DNA methylation-based estimator of biological aging, among middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: Data were derived from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort involving 686 middle-aged adults (422 men and 264 women). GrimAA was calculated from DNA methylation data using the GrimAge epigenetic clock. Demographic, lifestyle, clinical, and psychosocial stress variables were assessed, and sex-specific factors influencing GrimAA were identified through hierarchical multiple regression models. Results: In men, higher GrimAA was significantly associated with current smoking, current drinking, physical inactivity, and elevated Hs-CRP or HbA1C levels, whereas among women, early menopause (<50 years) emerged as a notable factor related to increased GrimAA. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that chronological age, current smoking, and Hs-CRP were robust predictors of GrimAA in men, whereas GrimAA in women was significantly predicted by current smoking and Hs-CRP. Conclusion: Sex differences in GrimAA may result from the interplay of lifestyle behaviors, inflammatory biomarkers, and hormonal factors. Targeted interventions addressing these sex-specific determinants could be effective strategies to mitigate biological aging acceleration among middle-aged adults.

Adults of childbearing age have the highest rate of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the United States. Users perceive passive e-cigarette vapor exposure to be less harmful than passive conventional cigarette smoke exposure. We conducted a systematic review to understand the risks of passive e-cigarette vapor exposure in children. Data sources included PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included studies published between 2010 and 2024 with (1) children ages 0-18 or animal models representing children and in vitro studies, (2) descriptive, experimental, and qualitative designs, and (3) a focus on passive e-cigarette vapor exposure. Two independent reviewers screened studies, with a third for arbitration. Thirty-three studies were included in this review. Emerging evidence, primarily from animal studies, suggests that passive e-cigarette vapor exposure is associated with poor respiratory, immunological, physical growth, and neurological effects. Air assessments noted increased particulate matter and concentrations of nicotine, metals, and volatile organic compounds. Parents were more likely to use e-cigarettes than non-parents, and a majority reported use in the home and car. Risk of bias assessment indicated that 23 of the 33 studies were rated as weak, highlighting methodological limitations in the current evidence base. More rigorously designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base. Passive e-cigarette vapor exposure may be harmful to children, and many parents seem unaware of this potential threat. Parents should be cautioned to minimize exposure until more is known.

This study assessed the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at various stages in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and aimed to identify critical time points when the risk increases. Fifteen cohort studies including a total of 7,515,168 pregnant women were analyzed, among whom 429,564 had GDM and 13,773 developed CVD. Participants were grouped based on follow-up periods of approximately 5, 10, 15, and 25 years. Using random effects models, pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Within five years of diagnosis, women with GDM had a 19% higher risk of CVD (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.27) compared to those without GDM, rising to 78% by the tenth year (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.67-1.89). Long-term follow-up showed risk increases of 31% at 15 years (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.28-1.35) and 26% at 25 years (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16-1.38). Overall, women with GDM had a 35% higher risk of developing CVD than those without (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.32-1.38). These findings highlight that GDM significantly elevates the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly within ten years after diagnosis, emphasizing the need for timely intervention and ongoing monitoring to reduce cardiovascular risk in affected women.

Objective: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and examine the association of genetic and lifestyle factors using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using Phase 1 data from the Health Examinee (HEXA) cohort, including 26,546 participants (1,919 with CVD and 24,627 controls). Sex-stratified analyses were performed on 17,390 females and 9,156 males. SNPs associated with CVD were identified using PLINK 1.9, and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between CVD and genetic, demographic, and lifestyle factors in IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: Three SNPs (rs8086325, rs34233878, rs218463) were significantly associated with CVD in the overall sample. In males, rs79682491, rs2540719, and rs2576541 showed significant associations, while in females, rs76830381, rs6496602, rs8086325, and rs34233878 were identified. In multivariate analyses, age ≥60 (OR = 15.56), BMI ≥30 (OR = 4.74), male sex, smoking, low protein intake, low income, and selected SNPs were significantly associated with CVD risk. Conclusion: This study underscores the multifactorial nature of CVD risk, highlighting the joint association of genetic, behavioral, and demographic factors. The observed sex-specific genetic associations reinforce the need for personalized prevention strategies. Nurses are well-positioned to lead efforts in implementing sex-sensitive, genomics-informed approaches to reduce CVD risk and promote cardiovascular health.

There is growing evidence that psychological (e.g., optimism, pessimism, depressive symptoms) and biological factors play an essential role in the experience of chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aimed to examine the nature of the relationship between optimism or pessimism, depressive symptoms, the pace of biological aging, CLBP severity, and interference. Using mediation analysis, we tested the hypothesis that depressive symptoms and pace of biological aging measured using the Dunedin Pace of Aging from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE) serially mediate the relationship between optimism or pessimism and CLBP severity and interference. Our sample included non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults aged 18-82 years: 74 without pain, 56 with low-impact pain, and 77 with high-impact pain. On average, individuals with high-impact pain reported lower levels of optimism, greater pessimism, and faster DunedinPACE than those in the low-impact or no-pain group (p < .05). Mediation analyses revealed indirect associations between both optimism and pessimism with pain severity and interference serially via depressive symptoms and the pace of biological aging (p < .05). These indirect effects were not statistically significant after controlling for chronological age, sex, race, and BMI. The results suggest that psychological interventions that increase optimism and reduce pessimism may slow the biological aging process, which may improve nonspecific CLBP outcomes in non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy older adults, with a focus on improvements in maximal/peak oxygen uptake (VO₂max/peak) and the 6-min walk distance (6-MWD).Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through July 2024, searching six databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Fifty-one studies involving 3152 participants met the inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions significantly improved VO₂max/peak (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38 to 0.65; p < .001) and 6-MWD (MD: 36.18 m; 95% CI, 26.52 to 45.84; p < .001) compared to control groups. Subgroup analyses showed consistent benefits across aerobic, resistance, and combined training modalities. Significant improvements were also observed across both medium-term (≤24 weeks) and long-term (>24 weeks) interventions, and in both male and female participants. Conclusion: Structured exercise interventions, regardless of type, are effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The consistency of these effects across modalities, durations, and sexes underscores the adaptability and value of exercise as a central component of healthy aging strategies. Future research should aim to standardize intervention protocols and extend follow-up periods to clarify long-term outcomes and inform clinical guidelines.

Introduction: This paper provides an overview of methods for measuring genetic ancestry, specifically focusing on applications for nurses engaged in research. We describe methods and current tools widely implemented by the research community to introduce nurses who conduct research in the landscape of measuring genetic admixture for individuals and genetic substructure for populations. The intended impact of this paper is to enhance awareness and understanding of the importance of measuring genetic ancestry to control for latent confounding in genetic association studies. Summary of best practices: Measurement of genetic ancestry can prevent confounding in genetic association studies. Conclusions: Nurses approach health from a holistic perspective that includes information about individual, environmental, and social factors. This framework necessitates consideration of individual genetic characteristics and social identity and position. This paper serves as a primer on concepts related to genetic ancestry, including ancestry informative markers, reference populations, and statistical approaches, that nurses engaged in research may incorporate into their study design and implementation.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) represent prevalent and distressing adverse effects among cancer patients, substantially compromising treatment compliance and quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of aromatherapy in managing CINV, with the objective of informing evidence-based clinical decision-making in supportive cancer care. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing aromatherapy's effects on CINV. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated bias risk. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, with outcomes expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Twelve RCTs (n = 1,572) were included. Aromatherapy significantly reduced acute nausea (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29-0.73), acute vomiting (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.79), and delayed nausea (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88). However, no significant effects were observed for delayed vomiting (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.39-1.34), VAS scores (MD = -1.30, 95% CI -2.76-0.16), or INVR scores (MD = -1.67, 95% CI -3.67-0.32). No publication bias was detected (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The existing body of evidence suggests that aromatherapy may function as a valuable adjunctive therapy in mitigating chemotherapy-induced nausea, especially during the acute phase. Nevertheless, its efficacy in managing vomiting and symptoms in the delayed phase remains uncertain. Future research efforts should focus on conducting large-scale, methodologically robust RCTs that employ standardized aromatherapy protocols and incorporate longitudinal assessments of outcomes and understanding the biological mechanisms associated with aromatherapy therapeutic effects.