Biological research for nursing最新文献

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, disproportionately impacting older adults. Plant-based diets (PBDs) have emerged as a dietary strategy to mitigate CVD risk, characterized by foods derived from plants and minimal to no animal-derived foods. This integrative review assesses the effectiveness of PBDs for improving CVD risk factors in older adults. A search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies of PBDs and CVD risk factors in individuals aged 65 years and older. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Seventeen publications were analyzed, 7 experimental and 10 non-experimental. All studies showed at least one positive association between PBDs and cardiovascular health in older adults. Findings highlighted significant associations between PBD adherence and reductions in key CVD risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI), alongside potential benefits in reducing coronary artery calcium and enhancing endothelial function and serum isoflavone concentrations. There is evidence for the potential of PBDs as an effective dietary strategy to prevent the onset and progression of CVD in older adults and reduce the risk of CVD mortality. This review indicates the need for further research. Larger randomized control trials focused on older adults may strengthen the evidence base and guide healthcare recommendations. PBDs should be considered as a part of holistic CVD prevention and management strategies for older adults, encouraging dietary patterns that are rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, beans, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of water exercise training on functional and hemodynamic responses in HF patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted until February 15, 2024, using multiple databases. Mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies, comprising 349 participants with HF, were included. Water exercise led to enhancements in peak VO₂ (MD, 2.85 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.80; p < .00001) and resting heart rate (MD, -4.16 bm; 95% CI, -6.85 to -1.46; p = .002) compared to no exercising controls. Water plus land exercise reduced resting heart rate (MD, -1.41 bm; 95% CI, -2.13 to -0.69; p = .0001) compared to land exercise alone. Furthermore, acute water exercises decreased resting heart rate (MD, -3.85 bm; 95% CI, -6.49 to -1.21; p = .004) and increased stroke volume (MD, 14.68 mL/beat; 95% CI, 8.57 to 20.79; p < .00001) and cardiac output (MD, 0.5 L/min; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73; p < .00001) compared to baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that water exercise holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters in individuals with HF, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize its implementation and elucidate long-term benefits.

Objective: Using a rat model, we investigated the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation, including aerobic training and ointment, on the ROM, vWF, VEGF content, and femoral artery hemodynamics in rats with joint contracture.

Methods: A total of 44 Wistar rats were divided into the normal control group (NC, eight rats) and the experimental group (EG). A joint contracture model was established for the rats in the EG group by an external fixator. After fixator removal, 32 rats are further divided into the MC, SC, RE, and SR groups (n = 8). Before and after the 42 day intervention, the ROM, vWF, VEGF, PS, ED, and RI were measured using X-ray imaging, ELISA, and color Doppler ultrasound, respectively.

Results: After fixator removal, ROM for EG group was lower than that of the NC group (p < .01). After the intervention, ROM for the SR, RE, and SC groups was improved. The ROM for the SR group reached a similar value for NC group. vWF and VEGF levels in SR group were lower than in the MC, SC, and RE groups (p < .05), and had a similar value to the NC groups. PS value for SR and RE groups was higher than the MC and SC groups. The RI value for SR group was higher than that of NC and MC groups.

Conclusion: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation used in this study can treat joint contracture synergistically. It improves the ROM of the joint, reduces the content of vWF and VEGF, and improves the femoral artery hemodynamics.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between circulating metabolites and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and to assess the mediating role of inflammatory factors. Methods: Utilizing summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and employing a Mendelian Randomization approach, a two-sample MR analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between circulating metabolites and PMOP. Additionally, a two-step MR was used to quantify the mediating impact of inflammatory factors on the effect of circulating metabolites on PMOP. Results: The results revealed a significant association between certain metabolites and the risk of PMOP, notably the ratio of free cholesterol to total lipids in very large VLDL particles (OR: 1.399, 95% CI: 1.002-1.954, p = 0.048) and IL-16 (OR: 0.773, 95% CI: 0.608-0.983, p = 0.036). IL-16 was found to partially mediate the impact of circulating metabolites on PMOP, with a mediation effect of 10.4%. Conclusion: This study underscores the crucial role of circulating metabolites and inflammatory factors in PMOP pathogenesis. A causal relationship between circulating metabolites and PMOP was established, with IL-16 mediating some effects. These findings hold promise for clinical applications in early detection, personalized medicine, and the identification of therapeutic targets for PMOP.

Background: Obese patients are increasingly recognized as being at higher risk for skin diseases, particularly chronic wounds. While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, obesity is suspected to influence the development of chronic injuries via inflammatory biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may further influence gene expression, protein function, and levels of inflammatory biomarkers through various mechanisms, thereby modulating inflammatory responses that contribute to wound pathogenesis. Methods: A two-sample two-step Mendelian Randomization (MR) was employed to explore the causal relationship between obesity and chronic wounds, focusing on the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers. SNPs were used as instrumental variables (IVs) to infer causality. Obesity-related genetic data were sourced from the UK Biobank and GIANT consortium. Genome-wide association studies provided data on 92 inflammatory biomarkers, involving 14,824 and 575,531 individuals. Pressure injuries, lower limb venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcer data were obtained from FinnGen R10 and the Pan-UK Biobank. Results: Obesity significantly increased the risk of pressure injuries, lower limb venous ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. CCL19, hGDNF, IL-12B, and TNFRSF9 were identified as mediators in obesity-induced lower limb venous ulcers. Conclusion: This study provides genetic evidence that obesity leads to lower limb venous ulcers via inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

Background: The timely initiation of lactogenesis II is crucial for postpartum women, with delays having significant clinical implications. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of delayed lactogenesis II (DOL II) in high-risk pregnant women to guide clinical interventions and postnatal care protocols. Methods: We conducted a study involving high-risk pregnant women who gave birth and were admitted to our hospital''s obstetric intensive care unit for postpartum surveillance and treatment from February 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024. We utilized Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression to determine factors linked to DOL II. Results: Our study included 206 high-risk pregnant women, with 85 (41.26%) experiencing DOL II. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong associations between DOL II and maternal age (r = 0.452), gestational hypertension (r = 0.514), gestational diabetes (r = 0.487), and delayed colostrum secretion (r = 0.506), all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified age 35 years or older (OR = 2.115, 95%CI: 1.785-2.466), gestational hypertension (OR = 2.404, 95%CI: 2.125-3.107), gestational diabetes (OR = 2.556, 95%CI: 2.008-2.879), and colostrum secretion later than one hour postpartum (OR = 3.126, 95%CI: 2.682-3.605) as independent risk factors for DOL II, all with p < 0.05. Conclusions: The incidence of DOL II is significantly elevated in high-risk pregnant women, especially those aged 35 or older, those with gestational diabetes and hypertension, and those who delay the initiation of breastfeeding. It is imperative that clinical practices prioritize enhanced prenatal care and health education, robust lactation support, and improved lactation awareness among postpartum women to reduce the prevalence of DOL II.

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between serum calcium levels and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk, examining whether this relationship differs by sex, given the known differences in calcium metabolism and hormonal influences between males and females. Methods: Utilizing the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES) prospective cohort data, our primary exposure variables were serum calcium level and sex. The incidence of ACS served as the main outcome of interest. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. An interaction analysis was conducted to assess the interaction effect of calcium level and sex on ACS incidence. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, high calcium intake did not significantly increase ACS incidence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.90-1.26). There was also no significant difference in ACS risk between females and males (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.04). However, interaction effect analysis revealed that higher calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS only in females (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58), whereas the association in males was not statistically significant (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71-1.15). Conclusion: Our study results indicate that elevated serum calcium levels alone did not independently increase the risk of ACS; however, high serum calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS in females but not in males, underscoring the importance of sex-specific factors in assessing and managing ACS risk and highlighting the necessity for personalized medical approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes for women.

Background: Being overweight is a major global health epidemic of the 20th and 21st centuries, which can affect the movement system function of older adult women. This study evaluated the effects of a breathing exercise based on motor development patterns on functional fitness and quality of life in overweight older adult women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 community-dwelling women aged 65-75. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, which completed a 6-week breathing exercise program (three supervised and three home-based sessions per week), or a control group, which maintained usual routines. Outcome measures included cardiovascular fitness, upper and lower body flexibility, muscle strength, dynamic balance, and quality of life, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness (p < .001, ES = 0.652), upper body flexibility (p < .001, ES = 0.652), lower body flexibility (p < .001, ES = 0.538), upper body strength (p < .001, ES = 0.538), lower body strength (p < .001, ES = 0.538), and dynamic balance (p < .001, ES = 0.475) compared to the control group. Quality of life also significantly improved in the intervention group (p < .001, ES = 0.475). Conclusion: Breathing exercises based on motor development patterns significantly enhance functional fitness and quality of life in overweight older adult women. Incorporating these exercises into regular physical activity routines may promote health and independence in older adults. Further research should explore long-term benefits and optimal exercise parameters for older adults.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) despite receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in cognitive function and neuroplasticity, but its role in HIV-related neuroinflammation remains understudied. Methods: This study analyzed data from the CHAMPS study, assessing BDNF serum levels and cognitive function in 140 adults with HIV at baseline. Cognitive function was evaluated using the PROMIS Applied Cognition-Abilities 8-item questionnaire. BDNF levels (pg/ml) were measured using high sensitivity Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between BDNF levels, cognitive function, and AIDS diagnosis, adjusting for demographic variables. Results: A significant positive association was found between BDNF levels and cognitive function scores in PWH (p = .03). Additionally, PWH with a history of AIDS diagnosis showed significantly lower BDNF levels (p = .02). Other demographic factors did not significantly impact cognitive function or BDNF levels in this cohort. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential of BDNF as a biomarker for cognitive decline in PWH and suggest its relevance in understanding HAND pathophysiology. Further research is warranted to explore the multifaceted interactions influencing cognitive outcomes in this population and to develop targeted interventions for improving cognitive health in PWH.

Background: The long-term success rate of kidney transplantation is disappointing, with repeat transplantation necessary for more than half of recipients. When a repeat kidney transplantation is needed, patients are often elderly and suffer from underlying advanced kidney disease, comorbidities, and adverse effects of immunosuppressants, leading to physical function limitations. Limited physical function is known to hinder access to an initial kidney transplantation, but there is no information about its impact on repeat transplantations. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of physical function on access to wait-listing for repeat transplantation. Methods: Data from the national registry was utilized to analyze 28,884 kidney transplant recipients. Physical function was assessed with Karnofsky scores, and patients were categorized into three strata: total assistance, some assistance, and no assistance. Logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of physical function on waiting list access and duration until wait-listing, respectively. Results: Patients with greater physical independence were more likely to be wait-listed for repeat kidney transplantation. Highly sensitized patients, those with diabetes, Black patients, and elderly individuals had a lower likelihood of access to wait-listing after kidney failure. Interestingly, those with limited physical function, provided they remained in the work-up process, experienced a relatively shorter duration to wait-listing after graft failure.Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to promote and support physical function throughout the kidney transplant journey to improve access to repeat transplantation and subsequent patient outcomes.