Biological research for nursing最新文献

Objectives: The complex effects of multiple co-occurring symptoms are a major cause of reduced quality of life; thus, it is necessary to identify symptom clusters experienced by patients and explore interventions. This study aimed to provide an overview of non-pharmacological interventions based on symptom clusters in adults to identify effective intervention strategies and methods. Methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. For the search databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, and KISTI were used. It includes English and Korean experimental studies published up to May 2023. The literature quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Results. Of the 18 studies selected, 15 were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi-experimental studies, all of which were conducted on patients with cancer. The symptom clusters-based interventions in the literature are classified as movement-based, relaxation-based, integrated, and miscellaneous interventions. Integrated interventions, which were effective in all studies, might prove to be very effective for managing symptom clusters. Movement-based intervention studies, which include dance, Qigong, and Tai Chi, might be very effective in improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Conclusions. This review demonstrates that non-pharmacological interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of symptom clusters, thereby improving HRQoL. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of these interventions in patients with various chronic conditions other than cancer.

Objectives: Inflammation contributes to disparate neurodevelopmental outcomes between preterm and term-born infants. In this context, DNA methylation may contribute to inflammation by affecting gene expression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor-kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) are important genes for targeted DNA methylation analysis. The aims of this study were to (1) identify associations between inflammatory factors and BDNF and NFKBIA methylation, and (2) identify associations between BDNF and NFKBIA methylation and early neurobehavior in preterm infants. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of preterm infants born 28-31 weeks gestational age, blood samples were collected weekly for the quantification of inflammatory factors. We extracted DNA from saliva samples and quantified methylation of six BDNF cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and five NFKBIA CpG sites. Neurobehavior was assessed using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant. Results: Sixty-five infants were included in the analysis. In females, inflammatory factors were positively associated with BDNF methylation of most CpG sites. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was negatively associated with NFKBIA methylation at two CpG sites. In males, interleukin-6 was negatively associated with BDNF and NFKBIA methylation at most CpG sites. In females, BDNF methylation at two sites was inversely associated with motor performance. In males, NFKBIA methylation at one site was inversely associated with motor performance. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the relationship between inflammation and neurobehavior in preterm infants, working mechanistically through DNA methylation. The finding of a difference between males and females suggests that female infants are potentially more vulnerable to inflammation and warrants future study.

Background: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Biomarker investigation can guide identification of HCT recipients at-risk for poor outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs involved in the modulation and regulation of pathological processes and are emerging as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for multiple health conditions. This pilot study aimed to examine miRNA profiles associated with HCT-related risk factors and outcomes in patients undergoing autologous HCT. Methods: Patients eligible for autologous HCT were recruited and blood samples and HCT-related variables were collected. Differential expression analysis of miRNA was conducted on 24 patient samples to compare changes in miRNA profile in HCT eligible patients before and after transplant. Results: Unsupervised clustering of differentially expressed (p < .05) miRNAs pre- and post- HCT identified clusters of up- and down-regulated miRNAs. Four miRNAs (miR-125a-5p, miR-99b-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-145-5p) involved in hematopoiesis (differentiation of progenitor cells, granulocyte function, thrombopoiesis, and tumor suppression) were significantly downregulated post-HCT. Correlation analyses identified select miRNAs associated with risk factors (such as frailty, fatigue, cognitive decline) and quality of life pre- and post-HCT. Select miRNAs were correlated with platelet engraftment. Conclusion: Future studies should examine miRNA signatures in larger cohorts in association with HCT outcomes; and expand investigations in patients receiving allogeneic transplants. This will lead to identification of biomarkers for risk stratification of HCT recipients.

Background: In order to reduce the risk of leakage of cytotoxic agents, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are widely used in patients diagnosed with malignancy before chemotherapy. While inflammation has been demonstrated to be associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the connection between systemic immune inflammation indexes and the formation of PICC-DVT remains unclear. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the association between PICC-DVT and systemic immune inflammation indexes including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Methods: From August 2018 to October 2021, we enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with malignancy who underwent PICC implantation before chemotherapy. DVT was assessed using color Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Among the 513 patients, 57 patients (11.1%) developed PICC-DVT. The optimal cutoff values for PLR, SII and SIRI were 260.1, 1318.7, and 2.7, respectively. Based on the multiple logistic regression analysis, correlations were found between PICC-DVT and elevated PLR (p = .014), SII (p = .012), and SIRI (p = .022). Patients with malignancy having higher values of PLR, SII or SIRI tended to be more likely to develop PICC-DVT. Conclusions: The systemic immune inflammation indexes increases the risk of PICC-DVT and could be used as auxiliary predictive tests for PICC-DVT.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether prenatal gut microbiota (GM) and its functions predict the development of offspring temperament. A total of 53 mothers with a 1-year-old child and 41 mothers with a 2-year-old child were included in this study using a mother-infant cohort from central China. Maternal fecal samples collected during the third trimester were analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene sequences. Temperament of the child was measured by self-reported data according to the primary caregiver. The effects of GM in mothers on offspring's temperament were evaluated using multiple linear regression models. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity index Simpson of prenatal GM was positively associated with the activity level of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .036). Bifidobacterium was positively associated with high-intensity pleasure characteristics of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .031). Comparatively, the presence of Bifidobacterium found in the prenatal microbiome was associated with low-intensity pleasure characteristics in offspring at 2 years (adj. P = .031). There were many significant associations noted among the functional pathways of prenatal GM and temperament of offspring at 2 years. Our findings support the maternal-fetal GM axis in the setting of fetal-placental development with subsequent postnatal neurocognitive developmental outcomes, and suggest that early childhood temperament is in part associated with specific GM in the prenatal setting.

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of virtual reality glasses application on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during a transrectal prostate biopsy.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted with pre-tests, post-tests, and a control group, using a randomized controlled experimental research design. A total of 70 patients (35 in the intervention group and 35 in the control group) were included in the study. The intervention group watched a video with virtual reality glasses during the biopsy process. A Descriptive Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I, STAI-II), Scale of Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing Care (PPHEN), and Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) were used for data collection. To evaluate the data, numbers, percentages, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, paired sample t test, independent samples t test, regression analysis, and Cronbach's alpha Reliability Coefficient were used.

Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of descriptive and clinical characteristics (p > .05). The mean VAS and STAI post-test scores of the patients in the intervention group were lower than the control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p < .05). The mean PPHEN post-test scores of the patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < .05).

Conclusion: The application of virtual reality glasses during a transrectal prostate biopsy significantly reduced the level of pain and anxiety and increased patient satisfaction.

Many kidney transplant recipients continue to experience high symptom burden despite restoration of kidney function. High symptom burden is a significant driver of quality of life. In the post-transplant setting, high symptom burden has been linked to negative outcomes including medication non-adherence, allograft rejection, graft loss, and even mortality. Symbiotic bacteria (microbiota) in the human gastrointestinal tract critically interact with the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems to maintain homeostasis of the host. The gut microbiome has been proposed as an underlying mechanism mediating symptoms in several chronic medical conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and psychoneurological disorders via the gut-brain-microbiota axis, a bidirectional signaling pathway between the enteric and central nervous system. Post-transplant exposure to antibiotics, antivirals, and immunosuppressant medications results in significant alterations in gut microbiota community composition and function, which in turn alter these commensal microorganisms' protective effects. This overview will discuss the current state of the science on the effects of the gut microbiome on symptom burden in kidney transplantation and future directions to guide this field of study.

Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00522340.

Dietary astaxanthin supplementation has been demonstrated to have many beneficial and health-promoting effects. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on fatigue, cognition, and exercise efficiency. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 346 healthy participants were included. The random effects model and pooled standardized mean difference (SMDs) were used according to Hedge's g for the meta-analysis, and a meta-regression was also conducted. The results of the two existing studies showed a positive trend for astaxanthin in subjective fatigue relief. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 8-12 weeks on cognitive accuracy were marginally significant (SMD: .12; 95% CI: -.02-.26) and on reaction time was not significant (SMD: -.08; 95% CI: -.26 to .10). Remarkably, astaxanthin supplementation combined with regular training could enhance the fat oxidation (SMD: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.24-3.89), and significantly improve the physical performance (SMD: .62; 95% CI: .17-1.06). The subgroup analysis further showed significantly greater benefits when performing the aerobic exercises performance (SMD: .45; 95% CI: .13-.76), when the dose was ≥ 20 mg (SMD: .37; 95% CI: .11-.63), and when the supplementation duration was > 12 weeks (SMD: .66; 95% CI: .13-.63). We conclude that astaxanthin supplementation could significantly enhance aerobic exercise efficiency, especially at higher doses and for longer durations. Further studies based on large sample sizes are imperatively warranted.

Background: Constipation is common in elderly inpatients with intracerebral hemorrhage. This study aimed to construct a model for predicting the risk of constipation in elderly inpatients with intracerebral hemorrhage and to provide reference for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods: Elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who were treated in the department of Neurosurgery of a third-class hospital in Suzhou from January 2018 to September 2023 were included. Clinical data of patients with and without constipation were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of constipation in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and R software was used to construct a line chart model to verify its predictive effect. Results: A total of 504 elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were included. The incidence of constipation in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage was 63.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score (OR = 1.094, 95%CI: 1.019∼1.174), hypertension (OR = 2.911, 95%CI: 1.797∼4.715), use of dehydrating agent (OR = 3.794, 95%CI: 2.337∼6.158), surgical treatment (OR = 3.986, 95%CI: 2.339∼6.793), use of sedative drugs (OR = 4.212, 95%CI:2.386-7.435), and limb paralysis (OR = 6.313, 95%CI:3.689∼10.803) were the independent risk factors for constipation in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.872 (95%CI: 0.8401∼0.9033), the best critical value was 0.705, the sensitivity was 0.748, and the specificity was 0.857. Conclusion: The constipation risk prediction model of elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage has good differentiation and calibration, which is helpful for health care providers to identify the risk of constipation in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.