Biological research for nursing最新文献

Purpose: Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were used to explore the causal effects of cognitive reserve proxies, such as educational attainment, occupational attainment, and physical activity (PA), on biological (leukocyte telomere length), phenotypic (sarcopenia-related features), and functional (frailty index and cognitive performance) aging levels.

Results: Educational attainment had a potential protective effect on the telomere length (β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.08-0.11), sarcopenia-related features (β = 0.04-0.24, 95% CI: 0.02-0.27), frailty risk (β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.28), cognitive performance (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75-0.80). Occupational attainment was causally related with sarcopenia-related features (β = 0.07-0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.14), and cognitive performance (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.24-0.36). Device-measured PA was potentially associated with one sarcopenia-related feature (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.25).

Conclusions: Our findings support the potential causality of educational attainment on biological, phenotypic, and functional aging outcomes, of occupational attainment on phenotypic and functional aging-related outcomes, and of PA on phenotypic aging-related outcomes.

Introduction: Albumin plays a vital role in improving osmotic pressure and hemodynamics. A lower serum albumin level may cause pulmonary congestion and edema and contribute to myocardial dysfunction, diuresis resistance, and fluid retention in acute heart failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that AHF patients with normal serum albumin have shorter hospital stays. Methods: Using Electronic Medical Records, patients admitted from May 2020 through May 2021 aged >18, ICD-10, and positive Framingham Heart Failure Diagnostic Criteria were included. We excluded patients without albumin records and eGFRs less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m². Prolonged hospitalization was defined as >8 days of hospitalization. Results: During index emergency department visits, patients were symptomatic (New York Heart Association), aged median of 70 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 18), 59% (n = 103) were male, predominantly White (73%, n = 128), and had a high Charleston Comorbidity index score [5, IQR (4-7)]. Nearly one-fourth (23%, n = 41) of the patients had <3.5 g/dL albumin levels. The median length of hospital stay was eight days (IQR of 11). Comparing differences between lengths of hospital stays (<8 vs. >8 days), there was different serum albumin (3.9 + 0.48 vs. 3.6 + 0.53, p < .001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (45% (range 26-63) versus 30% (range 24-48), p = .004). An increased serum albumin decreased prolonged hospitalization (odds ratio (OR), 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.55, p = <0.001). Patients in the lower albumin group had higher NT-proBNP (median: 8521 (range 2025-9134) versus 5147 (range 2966-14,795) pg/ml, p = .007) and delay in administering intravenous diuretics (391 (167-964) minutes versus 271 (range 157-533) minutes, p = .02). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is strongly associated with prolonged hospitalization. Timely and effective diuretic therapy may reduce hospital stay durations, particularly with albumin supplementation.

Deranged lipid homeostasis has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Cholesterol reducing compounds such as statins have received special attention for the possibility that they may be able to ameliorate or prevent cognitive loss associated with neurodegeneration. However, there is much dissension concerning the actual effect of statins on cognitive function. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pitavastatin on hippocampal synaptogenesis because the hippocampus is crucial for memory formation. We also evaluated the effects of pitavastatin on local hippocampal estrogen synthesized in the hippocampus itself and its effect on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Using a hippocampal cell line, H19-7, we found that hippocampal neurons exposed to pitavastatin demonstrate a significant reduction in the synaptic marker postsynaptic density protein 95 (psd-95). The pitavastatin treated neurons also exhibited decreased production of local estrogen and their expression of BDNF mRNA was decreased. These results suggest that statins reduce the ability of hippocampal neurons to form synapses by restricting the production of local estrogen. Because neural connections in the hippocampus are crucial for memory formation, our findings implicate statins as medications that may compromise cognitive function.

Background: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a perceived safer alternative to traditional cigarettes has grown rapidly. However, the cardiovascular risks associated with e-cigarettes compared to regular cigarettes remain unclear.

Objective: To systematically review and compare the cardiovascular outcomes of e-cigarette use versus traditional cigarette use, focusing on the risks of myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in English were included if they reported cardiovascular outcomes related to e-cigarette or traditional cigarette use. A total of 20 studies were included, covering observational and interventional studies focusing on heart rate variability, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac events. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE criteria, and data were extracted and analyzed based on the PICOS (Population, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, and Study designs) framework.

Results: The systematic review found that both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes pose significant cardiovascular risks, with traditional cigarettes linked to a higher incidence of myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. E-cigarette users also face increased risks of arrhythmias and myocardial infarction compared to non-smokers, primarily due to the constituents of aerosolized e-liquid, including nicotine and flavorings, which contribute to adverse cardiac effects. Regular e-cigarette use, particularly in combination with traditional cigarette use, was associated with a heightened risk of myocardial infarction. Studies also reported heart function abnormalities, such as systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and reduced ejection fractions. Additionally, changes in heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed, indicating both acute and chronic effects of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular autonomic regulation.

Conclusions: While e-cigarettes may present a lower cardiovascular risk compared to traditional cigarettes, they are not without harm. Both products are linked to increased risks of myocardial infarction and arrhythmias, though traditional cigarettes pose a higher overall threat. Given the limitations in the current evidence base, particularly concerning the long-term effects of e-cigarette use, further research is needed to clarify these cardiovascular risks and inform public health guidelines.

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hearing loss (HL). Dietary intake is a modifiable factor that could influence the oxidant and antioxidant capacity. We hypothesized that a higher composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is associated with a reduced odds for HL.

Methods: Adult participants from the 2001-2012 & 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were included in this cross-sectional study. The CDAI was calculated from vitamins A, C, E, selenium, zinc, and caretenoid through 24-h dietary recall. Outcomes were HL, speech frequency HL (SFHL), and high frequency HL (HFHL). The associations between CDAI and HL, SFHL, and HFHL were evaluated by weighted multivariable logistic regression.

Results: CDAI was associated with lower odds of HL (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.95-1.00, p = .043) and SFHL (OR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-1.00, p = .041), but not HFHL (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.96-1.00, p = .118) after adjustment for confounders. The multivariable-adjusted model showed a significant trend toward decreased risk of HL, SFHL, and HFHL with increasing CDAI quartile (all p for trend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested that the associations between CDAI and HL, SFHL, and HFHL were L-shaped, with inflection points of CDAI at -0.61, 2.33, and 4.32, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that participants with exposure to loud noise benefited from a higher CDAI for SFHL (p for interaction = 0.039).

Conclusion: Higher CDAI is associated with reduced odds of HL and SFHL in the U.S. adult population and serves as a promising intervention target to be further explored in prospective longitudinal studies in the future.

Objective: Oxytocin induction is a commonly used intervention during childbirth worldwide. This study aimed to compare the pain and stress levels of newborns born to mothers who administered synthetic oxytocin at birth with those who did not.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 164 participants and their newborns who were delivered vaginally in a public hospital. The data were collected using an Information Form, a Neonatal Follow-Up Form, and the Assessment of Neonatal Pain and Stress Scale (ALPS-Neo).

Results: In the study, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the participants' and newborns' demographic characteristics (p > .05). During and after drying, before, during, and after the first injection, and before, during, and after blood glucose measurement, the mean ALPS-Neo scores were higher in the oxytocin induction group, with the difference being statistically significant (p < .001).

Conclusion: Although the data presented here are observational, the findings indicate that infants born to participants who underwent oxytocin induction exhibit more intense pain and stress responses. The pain-stress scores of newborns born to participants who underwent oxytocin induction were higher than those of newborns whose mothers did not receive oxytocin induction.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the high frequency (HF) heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) delta band power in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) versus healthy control women.

Materials and methods: Twenty women with IBS and twenty healthy controls were studied over three consecutive nights using polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. To avoid the first night effect, only second-night data were analyzed. Power spectral analysis was applied to HRV and EEG recordings. The linear system coherence/phase analysis assessed the relationship between normalized HF power of HRV and normalized delta band power of EEG during the first four NREM-REM sleep cycles.

Results: Women with IBS exhibited a significantly higher percentage of NREM sleep, higher normalized HF, lower normalized low frequency (LF) and decreased LF/HF ratio of HRV in the first four NREM-REM sleep cycles compared to controls. Additionally, their normalized delta band power was significantly lower in these sleep cycles and over the whole night. The phase shift between HF and delta band power was significantly longer in the IBS group. While the coherence between normalized HF and normalized delta band power was lower in the IBS group, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: The coherence/phase analysis showed a dysregulated interaction between autonomic and central nervous systems in women with IBS, manifested by increased lag time between cardiac and EEG delta band power compared to healthy controls. Whether this dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of IBS remains to be determined.

Objectives: Shortness of breath is a common symptom in patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms that underlie this troublesome symptom are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for shortness of breath in women prior to breast cancer surgery and identify associations between shortness of breath and polymorphisms for potassium channel genes.

Methods: Patients were recruited prior to breast cancer surgery and completed a self-report questionnaire on the occurrence of shortness of breath. Genotyping of single nucleotides polymorphism (SNPs) in potassium channel genes was performed using a custom array. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between the occurrence of shortness of breath and SNPs in ten candidate genes.

Results: Of the 398 patients, 11.1% reported shortness of breath. These patients had a lower annual household income, a higher comorbidity burden, and a lower functional status. After controlling for functional status, comorbidity burden, genomic estimates of ancestry and self-reported race and ethnicity, the genetic associations that remained significant in the multiple regression analyses were for potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D (KCND2) rs12673992, potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily S (KCNS1) rs4499491, and potassium two pore channel subfamily K (KCNK2) rs4411107.

Conclusions: While these findings warrant replication, they suggest that alterations in potassium channel function may contribute to the occurrence of shortness of breath in women prior to breast cancer surgery.

Background: There is a critical gap in understanding the symptom experience and health outcomes of older adults with and without Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) and polypharmacy (PPY). The primary aim of the study was to compare the number of symptoms experienced over time in older adults with and without ADRD by polypharmacy status. The secondary aim was to examine the trajectory of physical function and health outcomes over time in each group.

Methods: This study utilized longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2016-2019. The sample was separated into four groups (N = 2,052): neither ADRD or PPY (n = 1,048), PPY only (n = 761), ADRD only (n = 116), and both ADRD and PPY(n = 127).

Results: The overall sample was predominately female (57.9%), White (70.9%), aged 84 or younger (75%), married (46%), and had some college or a college degree (50%). Participants with both ADRD and PPY experienced more symptoms on average, had higher odds of falls, hospitalizations, and mortality than all other groups. Older adults with both ADRD and PPY had lower physical function, needed more assistance with activities of daily living and higher assistive device utilization compared to the other three groups.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that older adults with both ADRD and PPY experience more symptoms, negative health outcomes and physical function decline that can negatively impact their quality of life. Further research is needed to identify strategies for reducing PPY in people with ADRD.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of water exercise training on functional and hemodynamic responses in HF patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted until February 15, 2024, using multiple databases. Mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies, comprising 349 participants with HF, were included. Water exercise led to enhancements in peak VO₂ (MD, 2.85 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.80; p < .00001) and resting heart rate (MD, -4.16 bm; 95% CI, -6.85 to -1.46; p = .002) compared to no exercising controls. Water plus land exercise reduced resting heart rate (MD, -1.41 bm; 95% CI, -2.13 to -0.69; p = .0001) compared to land exercise alone. Furthermore, acute water exercises decreased resting heart rate (MD, -3.85 bm; 95% CI, -6.49 to -1.21; p = .004) and increased stroke volume (MD, 14.68 mL/beat; 95% CI, 8.57 to 20.79; p < .00001) and cardiac output (MD, 0.5 L/min; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73; p < .00001) compared to baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that water exercise holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters in individuals with HF, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize its implementation and elucidate long-term benefits.