A modified technique is described for applying partition chromatography, using a silica column, to the separation of simple organic compounds which are difficult to extract from water. An aqueous solution is pipetted directly on a Celite–water column the upper 15% of which has been left dry to receive it. Acetoin, 2, 3-butanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, ethanediol, glycerol, and erythritol can be separated from each other and from sugars and sugar alcohols containing five or more carbon atoms if the column is properly developed by ethyl acetate and benzene–butanol mixtures. After separation the compounds can be estimated by a rapid colorimetric determination of the acetaldehyde or formaldehyde formed by periodate oxidation. The recoveries are quantitative, thus making it possible to determine 1 to 2 mgm. of glycerol or 2, 3-butanediol within an error of ± 3% even when they are mixed with larger amounts of closely related compounds which cause interference in the usual methods.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF GLYCEROL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN FERMENTATION SOLUTIONS BY PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY","authors":"A. Neish","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-064","url":null,"abstract":"A modified technique is described for applying partition chromatography, using a silica column, to the separation of simple organic compounds which are difficult to extract from water. An aqueous solution is pipetted directly on a Celite–water column the upper 15% of which has been left dry to receive it. Acetoin, 2, 3-butanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, ethanediol, glycerol, and erythritol can be separated from each other and from sugars and sugar alcohols containing five or more carbon atoms if the column is properly developed by ethyl acetate and benzene–butanol mixtures. After separation the compounds can be estimated by a rapid colorimetric determination of the acetaldehyde or formaldehyde formed by periodate oxidation. The recoveries are quantitative, thus making it possible to determine 1 to 2 mgm. of glycerol or 2, 3-butanediol within an error of ± 3% even when they are mixed with larger amounts of closely related compounds which cause interference in the usual methods.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"108 1","pages":"535-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79400457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deuterium-loaded nuclear emulsions have been used to study the γ-rays of neutron capture in sodium, chlorine, and cadmium, and the γ-rays following the β-decay of N16. Proton tracks caused by the photodisintegration of deuterium were measured, and from these the γ-ray energies were calculated. Several lines have been observed in the γ-ray spectra of neutron capture. The known energy of the 6.124 Mev. γ-ray following the decay of N16 (produced in the cooling water of the Chalk River pile) was used to calibrate the plates. A higher energy γ-ray from the decay of N16 was tentatively identified as corresponding to a transition from the 6.897 Mev. excited level of O16 to the ground state and was found to have one-seventh the intensity of the 6.124 Mev. γ-ray.
{"title":"GAMMA-RAY STUDIES USING DEUTERIUM-LOADED PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES","authors":"C. H. Millar, A. Cameron, M. Glicksman","doi":"10.1139/CJR50A-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50A-038","url":null,"abstract":"Deuterium-loaded nuclear emulsions have been used to study the γ-rays of neutron capture in sodium, chlorine, and cadmium, and the γ-rays following the β-decay of N16. Proton tracks caused by the photodisintegration of deuterium were measured, and from these the γ-ray energies were calculated. Several lines have been observed in the γ-ray spectra of neutron capture. The known energy of the 6.124 Mev. γ-ray following the decay of N16 (produced in the cooling water of the Chalk River pile) was used to calibrate the plates. A higher energy γ-ray from the decay of N16 was tentatively identified as corresponding to a transition from the 6.897 Mev. excited level of O16 to the ground state and was found to have one-seventh the intensity of the 6.124 Mev. γ-ray.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"12 1","pages":"475-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. H. Clark, H. Maclean, N. Henderson, G. Barton, A. Johnson, Jean T. Grunlund, W. L. Reynolds
The polymerization of isoprene has been initiated by peroxide–peroxidase, by various inorganic and organic catalysts, and by air oxidation and anodic oxidation. At moderately high conversion, polym...
{"title":"THE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF ISOPRENE","authors":"R. H. Clark, H. Maclean, N. Henderson, G. Barton, A. Johnson, Jean T. Grunlund, W. L. Reynolds","doi":"10.1139/CJR50F-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50F-031","url":null,"abstract":"The polymerization of isoprene has been initiated by peroxide–peroxidase, by various inorganic and organic catalysts, and by air oxidation and anodic oxidation. At moderately high conversion, polym...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"50 1","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86116199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wiesner, D. M. Macdonald, R. Ingraham, R. Kelly
2-5 Tetradecamethylene and 2-5 decamethylene phthalic anhydride have been obtained by dehydrogenation of the corresponding tetrahydro compounds. A 10-membered para-bridged acyloin, VI, has also been obtained in 70% yield by ring closure. From these results it is concluded that it should be possible to synthesize compounds with para-bridges containing less than 10 carbons.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF PARA-BRIDGED BENZENE COMPOUNDS","authors":"K. Wiesner, D. M. Macdonald, R. Ingraham, R. Kelly","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-068","url":null,"abstract":"2-5 Tetradecamethylene and 2-5 decamethylene phthalic anhydride have been obtained by dehydrogenation of the corresponding tetrahydro compounds. A 10-membered para-bridged acyloin, VI, has also been obtained in 70% yield by ring closure. From these results it is concluded that it should be possible to synthesize compounds with para-bridges containing less than 10 carbons.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"125 6 1","pages":"561-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emission band system at 6000 A found in discharges in flowing NO2 and attributed to NO+ by Jausserant, Grillet, and Duffieux has been examined at high dispersion and shown to be due to the tran...
{"title":"TWO NEW 2Σ–2Σ SYSTEMS DUE TO THE MOLECULE NO","authors":"M. Feast","doi":"10.1139/CJR50A-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50A-039","url":null,"abstract":"The emission band system at 6000 A found in discharges in flowing NO2 and attributed to NO+ by Jausserant, Grillet, and Duffieux has been examined at high dispersion and shown to be due to the tran...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"1 1","pages":"488-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89987326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method for quantitative determination of glucose, maltose, and reducing dextrins in starch hydrolyzates is described. The components are separated by paper chromatography and determined colorimetrically by measurement of their reducing power with alkaline copper and arseno-molybdate reagents. The probable error of the determinations with the use of this method is about 2%. A compact apparatus was designed, suitable for handling a large number of samples in the chromatographic separation. It is particularly useful for compounds with low Rf values.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF REDUCING SUGARS IN STARCH HYDROLYZATES BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY","authors":"P. Shu","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-063","url":null,"abstract":"A method for quantitative determination of glucose, maltose, and reducing dextrins in starch hydrolyzates is described. The components are separated by paper chromatography and determined colorimetrically by measurement of their reducing power with alkaline copper and arseno-molybdate reagents. The probable error of the determinations with the use of this method is about 2%. A compact apparatus was designed, suitable for handling a large number of samples in the chromatographic separation. It is particularly useful for compounds with low Rf values.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"80 1","pages":"527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83942627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four determinations of gravity were made during the summer of 1948, with the pendulum apparatus of the Dominion Observatory, at Goose Bay, Labrador (latitude 53°), Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island (latitude 64°), Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island (latitude 75°), and Thule, Greenland (latitude 77°), approximately. The anomalies at the two most northerly stations are comparatively small and those at the other two stations, although larger, do not exceed many that have been observed in other parts of Canada. Norgaard's determination at Thule is confirmed by the author.It is anticipated that these determinations, apart from their immediate interest, will serve as useful reference points for future work in the Canadian Arctic.
{"title":"Measurements of Gravity in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland","authors":"Michael Beer","doi":"10.1139/CJR50A-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50A-044","url":null,"abstract":"Four determinations of gravity were made during the summer of 1948, with the pendulum apparatus of the Dominion Observatory, at Goose Bay, Labrador (latitude 53°), Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island (latitude 64°), Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island (latitude 75°), and Thule, Greenland (latitude 77°), approximately. The anomalies at the two most northerly stations are comparatively small and those at the other two stations, although larger, do not exceed many that have been observed in other parts of Canada. Norgaard's determination at Thule is confirmed by the author.It is anticipated that these determinations, apart from their immediate interest, will serve as useful reference points for future work in the Canadian Arctic.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"8 1","pages":"535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74192273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rate of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in styrene at 30 °C. is increased considerably by the presence of various metal salts and complexes. The rate increases in the presence of certain metal salts and complexes whether the metal is oxidizable, reducible, or incapable of undergoing a valence change. Both the metal and the nonmetal portion appear to influence the rate. The molar ratio of cumene hydroperoxide decomposed to metal complex added may be well over 1000. Most of the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of ferric phthalocyanine does not produce free radicals capable of initiating the polymerization of styrene and may proceed by an ionic chain mechanism.
{"title":"THE DECOMPOSITION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE BY METAL SALTS AND COMPLEXES IN STYRENE SOLUTION","authors":"J. Fordham, H. L. Williams","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-066","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in styrene at 30 °C. is increased considerably by the presence of various metal salts and complexes. The rate increases in the presence of certain metal salts and complexes whether the metal is oxidizable, reducible, or incapable of undergoing a valence change. Both the metal and the nonmetal portion appear to influence the rate. The molar ratio of cumene hydroperoxide decomposed to metal complex added may be well over 1000. Most of the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of ferric phthalocyanine does not produce free radicals capable of initiating the polymerization of styrene and may proceed by an ionic chain mechanism.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"108 1","pages":"551-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quantitative study of the extraction of tetravalent uranium into benzene by the action of the organic chelating agent thiophenoyl trifluoracetone is described. Data are presented to show that the uranous ion exists mainly in the quadruply charged form in solutions of perchloric acid. It is extracted into benzene as a neutral molecule containing four chelate groups per metal atom. At least two complex species, U(SO4)++ and U(SO4)2 are present in sulphuric acid solutions. Values of the association constants for the formation of these complex species are given.
{"title":"Ionic Species of Tetravalent Uranium in Perchloric and Sulphuric Acids","authors":"R. H. Betts, Rita M. Leigh","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-062","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative study of the extraction of tetravalent uranium into benzene by the action of the organic chelating agent thiophenoyl trifluoracetone is described. Data are presented to show that the uranous ion exists mainly in the quadruply charged form in solutions of perchloric acid. It is extracted into benzene as a neutral molecule containing four chelate groups per metal atom. At least two complex species, U(SO4)++ and U(SO4)2 are present in sulphuric acid solutions. Values of the association constants for the formation of these complex species are given.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"16 1","pages":"514-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85213396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sixty-two species, seven hybrids, eleven varieties, and two forms of Carex, and one species of Kobresia occur on Anticosti, a 135-mile long island located in the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.Aft...
{"title":"LES CYPÉRACÉES DE L'ÎLE ANTICOSTI: CAREX ET KOBRESIA","authors":"Marcel Raymond","doi":"10.1139/CJR50C-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50C-024","url":null,"abstract":"Sixty-two species, seven hybrids, eleven varieties, and two forms of Carex, and one species of Kobresia occur on Anticosti, a 135-mile long island located in the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.Aft...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"55 5 1","pages":"406-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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