Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. It is often associated with coronary and/or cerebral vascular involvement, leading to a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, among which myocardial infarction, stroke and death. Cardiovascular prevention has proven effective in reducing the progression of the disease and early diagnosis leads to more rapid initiation of medical therapy. However, revascularization of the diseased segment represents the only solution in the manifest and symptomatic forms of the disease.

Areas covered: Surgical treatment has historically represented the first treatment of PAD, which consists in the creation of bypasses excluding the obstructed segment. Nowadays, endovascular treatment represents in many cases the first line of intervention. Drug-coated balloons are a cornerstone solution for the treatment of peripheral lesions, and are supported by multiple trials demonstrating their efficacy and safety.

Expert opinion: New devices, such as sirolimus-eluting balloons, and also new eluting technologies will further improve the efficacy and the results of peripheral angioplasty. In the next years we will experience the routinary use of new techniques currently under study. In this review, we will discuss the role of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of PAD.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose a considerable health challenge with few therapeutic alternatives. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) are nanostructured drug delivery systems made of lipid-based amphiphilic materials that self-assemble into crystalline phases in aqueous environments. LCN have become a promising way to treat NSCLC owing to their specific properties that make them useful for targeted delivery and controlled drug release.

Areas covered: The review provides a brief overview of the use of LCN in the treatment of NSCLC. It explores their composition, fabrication methods, and characterization processes. The article further addresses several nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of NSCLC. Ultimately, it underscores the promise of LCNs as a promising drug delivery system for NSCLC and discusses the obstacles and outlook in this field.

Expert opinion: LCN represents a promising frontier in the treatment of NSCLC, offering several specific advantages over conventional therapies. Utilizing their intrinsic self-assembly characteristics, LCN provides meticulous control over drug encapsulation, release kinetics, and cellular absorption, which are crucial for improving therapy success. LCN also has the capability for co-delivery of various drugs, facilitating synergistic therapeutic benefits and addressing multidrug resistance, a prevalent issue in NSCLC treatment.

Background: Design parameters of prefilled pens, known as autoinjectors within the medical device community, can affect pen's functioning and user experience. This study compares the performance of two 2 mL prefilled pen devices: lebrikizumab (125 mg/mL) and dupilumab (150 mg/mL).

Research design and methods: We recorded force and acoustic signals during administration from the prefilled pen devices and performed high-speed video recording during needle insertion and drug delivery. Measurements were reported in these categories: (i) The kinematics of needle movement during insertion captured by two cameras (ii) Injection flow rate and duration, and the time between acoustic 1^st (activation) click and 2^nd click sounds (iii) Post-2^nd click injection duration, and (iv) delivered dose volume. We investigated the impact of temperature on device performance by experimenting at room temperature (~25℃) and cool condition (~5℃).

Results: The lebrikizumab device demonstrated faster injection and more reliable end-of-dose indication, while the dupilumab device showed less lateral needle movement in air during insertion. The device activation forces are provided.

Conclusion: Our investigation uncovered performance distinctions between lebrikizumab and dupilumab prefilled pens, which could potentially translate into patient experience, and varying levels of risk associated with intramuscular injection for the adult population and premature device removal.

Introduction: Psoriasis is characterized by abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. This condition presents significant challenges for effective drug delivery. In addition to overcoming the thickness of the skin, topical treatments must navigate the complex hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of the skin barrier. Recent advancements in nanocarrier technologies, including energy-driven methods and microneedles that penetrate the stratum corneum, present promising strategies for enhancing drug permeation through tailored physicochemical properties. A literature search was performed using the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect.

Areas covered: This review highlights recent studies on novel topical delivery methods for psoriasis treatment, addressing current therapeutic options and their limitations. We provide a comprehensive overview of chemical nanoformulations and explore physical strategies to improve delivery rates. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of various formulations that can carry different types of payloads, offering patients diverse strategies for symptom management. The review covers conventional treatments, emphasizing advancements in nanoparticle design and novel macromolecular drugs. This includes Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapies that protect macromolecular drugs from rapid clearance in the body.

Expert opinion: We argue that intelligent design approaches can enhance efficacy across delivery applications while allowing for precision in treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) threatens global health due to its resistance to vancomycin, which is the standard treatment despite limitations, including nephrotoxicity and low intracellular permeability. This necessitates the development of innovative strategies such as nanocarrier-mediated delivery to overcome such limitations. Nanocarriers serve as delivery systems for vancomycin and exhibit inherent antibacterial properties, potentially providing synergism and overcoming MRSA's resistance. Nanocarriers provide sustained release and targeted delivery of vancomycin to the infection site, achieving higher therapeutic concentrations and superior antibacterial activity with reduced doses, which minimizes systemic toxicity. Moreover, leveraging simulations techniques provides more insights on vancomycin-nanocarrier interactions, facilitating the optimization of nanosystems.

Areas covered: The article discusses the potential of nanocarriers in delivering vancomycin to infection site, reducing systemic toxicity, and potentiating anti-MRSA activity. Additionally, it reviews modeling and simulation studies to provide a deeper understanding of vancomycin-nanocarrier interactions. The literature search included experimental articles from 2017 to 2024, searched in Web of Science, Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.

Expert opinion: Nanocarrier-mediated delivery of vancomycin offers promising approaches to combat MRSA infections by enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing systemic toxicity. However, further research is required to optimize these nanoformulations and advance them to clinical trials and practical applications.

Introduction: Although there are numerous options for epilepsy treatment, its effective control continues unsatisfactory. Thus, search for alternative therapeutic options to improve the efficacy/safety binomial of drugs becomes very attractive to investigate. In this context, intranasal administration of antiseizure drugs formulated on state-of-the-art nanosystems can be a promising strategy.

Areas covered: This work gives a comprehensive overview of different intranasal nanosystems for antiseizure drug administration developed and evaluated on preclinical studies over the last 10 years and published in 'PubMed' and 'Web of Science' databases. Additionally, it highlights their pharmaceutical critical quality attributes and in vivo pharmacological outputs that might infer possible results when transposing to clinical trials.

Expert opinion: Research into optimized nanosystems encapsulating antiseizure drugs to enhance direct nose-to-brain delivery has increased over the last years. Particularly, the interest in formulating first- and second-generation antiseizure drugs in nanoparticles is here highlighted, having demonstrated its in vivo safety and improvement on pharmacokinetic and efficacy outputs. Still, none of them were brought to clinical trials. Thus, considering the existing barriers between preclinical and clinical trials, if supported by robust and targeted quality by design approaches, intranasal drug delivery can be presented as a valid and superior alternative for epilepsy treatment.