Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Adenosine (ADO) is a naturally occurring nucleoside primarily synthesized through the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate. Within the tumor microenvironment, ADO levels substantially increase, resulting in suppressed immune responses.

Areas covered: Nanosystems offer a promising approach for precise drug delivery to tumor lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress in the development of nanosystems that modulate adenosine signaling for tumor immunotherapy. These nanosystems are designed to target adenosine-hydrolyzing proteins, increase adenosine decomposition, and antagonize adenosine receptors.

Expert opinion: Based on the literature review, adenosine has great potential in tumor immunotherapy, and nano-drug delivery system has great application prospects in targeted cancer therapy in the near future due to its superior characteristics.

Background: Cyltezo® (Adalimumab-adbm) is an FDA-approved interchangeable biosimilar for Humira® (adalimumab reference product [RP]) that helps treat chronic inflammatory conditions. Adalimumab-adbm is administered via an autoinjector, the adalimumab-adbm pen. This study assessed user opinions related to usability, perceptions, convenience, safety features, and acceptability of the adalimumab-adbm pen.

Methods: Ninety-eight Humira Pen users, 100 biologics pen naïve patients, and 99 healthcare professionals simulated the use of the adalimumab-adbm pen on injection pads. Opinions were captured with a validated questionnaire using Likert-type scales during moderated interviews. Binomial tests were conducted for top-two rating percentages.

Results: Nearly 90% of participants found the adalimumab-adbm pen 'easy' or 'very easy' to use, handle, and learn how to use. Almost 90% of volunteers thought the pen was 'very' or 'extremely' solid and convenient to use at home. Around 80% found the pen to be 'very' or 'extremely' comfortable. Over 90% of respondents said they would be 'satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with the safety features and the device itself. Nearly 90% of respondents indicated being 'very' or 'extremely' open to adopting the adalimumab-adbm pen.

Conclusions: The adalimumab-adbm pen provided users with a positive experience with features that benefit perceptions of usability, handling, safety, convenience, and acceptability.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy, a significant trigger for blindness among working age individuals with diabetes, poses a substantial global health challenge. Understanding its underlying mechanisms is pivotal for developing effective treatments. Current treatment options, such as anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroids, laser photocoagulation, and vitreous surgery, have their limitations, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches like nanocapsules based drug-delivery systems. Nanoparticles provide promising solutions to improve drug delivery in ocular medicine, overcoming the complexities of ocular anatomy and existing treatment constraints.

Areas covered: This review explored advanced therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy, focusing on current medications with their limitations, drug delivery methods, device innovations, and overcoming associated barriers. Through comprehensive review, it aimed to contribute to the discovery of more efficient management strategies for diabetic retinopathy in the future.

Expert opinion: In the next five to ten years, we expect a revolutionary shift in how diabetic retinopathy is treated. As we deepen our understanding of oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, antioxidants are poised to take center stage in prevention and treatment strategies. Our vision is to create a more integrated approach to diabetic retinopathy management that not only improves patient outcomes but also reduces the risks associated to traditional therapies.

Introduction: - Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) presents a challenging endeavor in therapeutic management because of its highly aggressive tumor microenvironment(TME). This complex TME, characterized by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, immunosuppression, stromal barriers, increased interstitial fluid pressure and the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB), frequently compromises the efficacy of promising therapeutic strategies. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the TME and the development of innovative methods to overcome its associated challenges are essential for improving treatment outcomes in GBM.

Areas covered: - This review critically evaluates the major obstacles within the GBM TME, focusing on the biological and structural barriers that limit therapeutic delivery and efficacy. Novel approaches designed to address these barriers, including advanced formulation strategies and precise targeting mechanisms, are explored in detail. Additionally, the review highlights the potential of emerging technologies such as 3D-printed models, scaffolds, Robotics and artificial intelligence(AI) techniques and machine learning, in tackling TME- associated hurdles.

Expert opinion: - The integration of these innovative methods presents a promising path for enhancing the specificity and efficacy of GBM therapies. By combining these advanced strategies, the potential for improving patient outcomes in GBM treatment can be significantly enhanced, offering hope for overcoming the limitations posed by the TME.

Introduction: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technique has recently been used as an effective formulation strategy to significantly improve the bioavailability of insoluble drugs. The main industrialized preparation methods for ASDs are mainly hot melt extrusion and spray drying techniques; however, they face the limitations of being unsuitable for heat-sensitive materials and organic reagent residues, respectively, and therefore novel preparation processes and technology coupling for developing ASDs have received increasing attention.

Areas covered: This paper reviews recent advances in ASD and provides an overview of novel preparation methods, mechanisms for improving drug bioavailability, and especially technology coupling.

Expert covered: As a mature pharmaceutical technology, ASD has broad application prospects and values. During the period from 2012 to 2024, the FDA has approved 49 formulation products containing ASDs. However, with the diversification of drug types and clinical needs, the traditional formulation technology of ASDs is gradually no longer sufficient to meet the needs of clinical medication. Therefore, this review summarizes the studies on both novel preparation processes and technology combinations; and provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of ASD to improve drug bioavailability, in order to better select appropriate preparation methods for the development of ASD formulations.

Introduction: The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first three-dimensional (3D) printed tablet, Spritam®, led to a burgeoning interest in using 3D printing to fabricate numerous drug delivery systems for different routes of administration. The high degree of manufacturing flexibility achieved through 3D printing facilitates the preparation of dosage forms with many actives with complex and tailored release profiles that can address individual patient needs.

Areas covered: This comprehensive review provides an in-depth look into the several 3D printing technologies currently utilized in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, the review delves into vaginal anatomy and physiology, 3D-printed drug delivery systems for vaginal applications, the latest research studies, and the challenges of 3D printing technology and future possibilities.

Expert opinion: 3D printing technology can produce drug-delivery devices or implants optimized for vaginal applications, including vaginal rings, intra-vaginal inserts, or biodegradable microdevices loaded with drugs, all custom-tailored to deliver specific medications with controlled release profiles. However, though the potential of 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery is promising, there are still challenges and regulatory hurdles to overcome before these technologies can be widely adopted and approved for clinical use. Extensive research and testing are necessary to ensure safety, effectiveness, and biocompatibility.

Background: This study investigates combining 3D printing with traditional compression methods to develop a multicomponent, controlled-release drug delivery system (DDS). The system uses osmotic tablet layers and a semipermeable membrane to control drug release, similar to modular Lego® structures.

Methods: The DDS comprises two directly compressed tablet layers (push and pull) and a semipermeable membrane, all contained within a 3D-printed frame. The membrane is made from cellulose acetate and plasticizers like glycerol and propylene glycol. Various characterization techniques, including Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), were employed to evaluate microstructural properties, wettability, morphology, and drug dissolution.

Results: Glycerol improved the membrane's wettability, as confirmed by PALS. The system achieved zero-order drug release, unaffected by stirring rates, due to the push and pull tablets within the 3D-printed frame. The release profile was stable, demonstrating effective drug delivery control.

Conclusion: The study successfully developed a prototype for a controlled-release osmotic DDS, achieving zero-order release kinetics for quinine hydrochloride after 2 h. This modular approach holds potential for personalized therapies in human and veterinary medicine, allowing customization at the point of care.