Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with conventional therapies mainly providing symptomatic relief without targeting underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Additionally, limitations of systemic drug administration, including poor tissue targeting and low accumulation, highlight the need for innovative approaches.

Areas covered: Nanomedicine offers promising strategies for CVDs. Among nanocarriers, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) are particularly attractive due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive behavior, and versatility for drug incorporation. This report summarizes recent advances, identified through a literature search using Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, on the application of CaP NPs for CVD therapy. Although still in its infancy, emerging evidence, including studies in large animal models, suggests the CaP NPs can selectively target cardiac tissues and efficiently deliver diverse bioactive molecules.

Expert opinion: CaP NPs represent a highly promising platform for cardiovascular therapy. Their safety and potential for noninvasive inhalation administration could enable precise, effective, and patient-friendly treatments. Future research, including comparative studies with other nanocarriers, will help to validate their therapeutic potential. Continued development of CaP NP-based strategies may transform CVD management by enabling molecular-level interventions that improve clinical outcomes, reduce systemic side effects, and allow rapid and convenient dosing.

Background: Felodipine (FLD) is an L-type calcium channel blocker with pronounced neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the efficacy of FLD has been impeded by limited solubility, poor bioavailability, and sub-optimal accumulation. Thus, the current study unfolds the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers based on in-situ gel of FLD (FLD-NLCs gel) to ameliorate dementia.

Methods: The FLD-contained NLCs were prepared using the microemulsion-sonication method and further integrated into thermosensitive gel comprised poloxamer 407 and HPMC K4M. The formulation was evaluated by ex-vivo permeation study, cell culture studies, and in-vivo efficacy study. The toxicity of formulation was assessed by HET-CAM assay, and nasal cilitoxicity study.

Results: The optimized FLD-NLCs had nanoscaled dimension, spherical shape, and augmented %EE (~96%). The FLD-NLCs gel displayed biphasic release, with ~1.3-fold higher permeation as relative to free FLD. The HET-CAM assay and cell culture study revealed compatible nature of formulation. The in-vivo biochemical, neurotransmitter, and inflammatory marker determination revealed neuroprotective and restorative potential of the FLD-NLCs gel.

Conclusions: The repurposing tactic of FLD presents a viable concept to combat AD. Also, the NLC-based temperature responsive intranasal gel exemplifies a practical approach to augment the efficacy of FLD.

Introduction: In situ forming implants (ISFIs) are long-acting drug delivery systems that solidify at the injection site, creating a depot for sustained drug release from days to months. Compared with preformed implants, ISFIs offer unique advantages, including easier and more convenient administration and simpler manufacturing. Among the different types, solvent-based ISFIs are the most extensively studied and developed formulations.

Areas covered: This review analyses advances in solvent-based ISFIs at both preclinical and clinical levels, with emphasis on formulation strategies and therapeutic applications. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and WOS. EMA and FDA databases were also consulted.

Expert opinion: Solvent-based ISFIs represent an important strategy for achieving long-lasting effects with a single administration independent of patient compliance. Their main impact has been in mental and substance use disorders, but they are also useful for local effects. To date, one formulation has been approved for periodontitis, though applications in ocular diseases and osteoarthritis are anticipated. A key formulation challenge is to reduce the initial drug release. Most marketed formulations are based on PLGA/PLA dissolved in NMP. Recently, DMSO and PEGylated-based-ISFIs have been approved, which generally provide better drug release control and will likely lead to the development of new formulations.

Background: MR-107A-02 is a novel faster dissolving oral formulation of meloxicam to provide rapid absorption and faster onset of action in acute pain settings. This study compared the single-dose pharmacokinetics of MR-107A-02 tablets to reference meloxicam (Mobic®) tablets under fasting conditions.

Research design and methods: A single-dose, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted at a single center in India. Healthy adult volunteers, aged 18-45 years, were randomized to receive a single, oral dose of 15 mg (1 × 15 mg) of MR-107A-02 or reference. Plasma samples were analyzed for meloxicam using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using non-compartmental analysis, and 90% geometric confidence intervals for test/reference ratios were calculated. Safety was assessed through adverse event (AE) monitoring.

Results: Eighteen adult male volunteers were randomized and 16 completed the study. MR-107A-02 showed faster absorption, with a geometric mean C_max value of 2734.342 (ng/mL) compared to reference 1592.102 (ng/mL) and a significantly shorter median T_max (hour) (0.75 vs 4.00). There were no AEs, or serious AEs reported.

Conclusions: MR-107A-02 demonstrated more rapid absorption than reference, as evidenced by a higher C_max, and shorter T_max values. These findings highlight the potential utility of oral MR-107A-02's fast-release design in an acute pain setting.

Introduction: Intranasal drug delivery offers a noninvasive, rapid, and metabolically advantageous route for local and systemic therapies. However, achieving targeted and efficient delivery remains a significant challenge due to the nasal cavity's complex anatomy, protective airflow structures, and physiological variability. Traditional focus on formulation chemistry overlooks the critical role of fluid and particle dynamics in determining drug fate.

Areas covered: This review synthesizes decades of research on nasal drug delivery with a focus on biophysical and aerodynamic considerations. The literature review covered clinical studies, CFD investigations, and emerging device innovations. The article progresses from clinical targets and barriers (anatomical and human factors) to particle-fluid dynamics governing deposition, leading into advances in experimental and computational models to understand how to overcome these barriers, culminating in translational insights and future directions.

Expert opinion: Patient-specific, GPU-accelerated CFD simulations, increasingly refined by AI, will enable predictive deposition mapping and integration with PBPK models. This supports in silico trials and personalized device optimization, yet clinical translation is limited by validation gaps, regulatory conservatism, and manufacturing complexities. Future integration of real-time imaging, AI surrogates, and smart delivery systems may shift nasal drug delivery toward per-nostril precision medicine and virtual-cohort-based regulatory acceptance.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, with treatment often hampered by poor drug bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and resistance to conventional therapies. Biomimetic nanocarriers have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations by combining nanotechnology with the biological functions of cell-derived membranes.

Areas covered: This review critically examines the design, fabrication, and application of biomimetic nanocarriers specifically for colorectal cancer. Focusing on various membrane coatings, including red blood cells, platelets, and cancer cells, and their role in enhancing drug delivery efficacy. It further explores the application of these nanocarriers in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy, and cancer theranostics, while also discussing advances in targeting the unique tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer.Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases covering publications from 2012 to May 2025.

Expert opinion: Despite encouraging preclinical results, the clinical translation of biomimetic nanocarriers faces challenges including scalability, membrane heterogeneity, immunogenicity, and regulatory hurdles. Furthermore, existing studies often overlook the unique features of the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment. Future research should focus on precision nanomedicine tailored to colorectal cancer, addressing current limitations to enable safer, more effective, and targeted cancer management.

Background: In the present study, we fabricated a multifunctional hydrogel nanocomposite for wound healing applications.

Research design and methods: Computational simulations were employed to optimize gelatin and synthesize Ti3AlC2 (104) and clarify gelatin adsorption behavior on Ti3AlC2 (104). The experiments concentrated on the synthesis, characterization, and integration of Mxene into a gelatin hydrogel. The MTT assay, hemolysis assay, and antibacterial assay were performed to assess the in vitro biological activities of the hydrogels, and a full-thickness wound was induced on a rat for the animal experiments.

Results: The chosen composite exhibited a satisfactory docking score, with a binding energy of - 115.408 kcal mol^-1. The results showed that the synthesized MXenes had a zeta potential of +24.5 ± 3.2 mV and a hydrodynamic size of 2.091 ± 0.32 μm. The hydrogel that was made had a porous structure, was biodegradable, and could soak up much water. The biological test showed the hydrogel was biocompatible, hemocompatible, and antibacterial. The animal trials demonstrated that the MXene-loaded gelatin hydrogel expedited wound healing.

Conclusions: The fabricated gelatin hydrogel loaded with MXenes nanocomposite can be applied to contaminated wounds to eradicate the contamination and accelerate the healing process.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial infections is a critical global health threat, contributing significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. This challenge is further amplified by biofilms that act as a protective barrier around bacteria, limiting the effective action of antibiotics and host immune responses.

Areas covered: This review highlights the potential of nanoemulsion (NE) systems in delivering hydrophobic payloads, particularly essential oils (EOs), into biofilms, negatively charged extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. While essential oils exhibit strong antimicrobial properties, their effectiveness against biofilms is restricted due to poor bioavailability and limited biofilm penetration.

Expert opinion: NE systems employing natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymeric scaffolds offer an effective delivery method for EOs, enabling enhanced penetration into the negatively charged EPS matrix of biofilms. These therapeutics have significant potential for treating refractory biofilm-related AMR infections.