Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: For three decades since the term 'biomaterial' was defined in the late 1960s, the interest of the biomaterials research community in calcium phosphates (CaPs) constantly increased. After this interest reached its peak in the mid-1990s, however, it has begun its steady decline, which lasts to this day, the reasons being manifold, many of which are explicated in this review piece. As of this turning point onwards, one solution for CaP to regain its relevance has involved its use in composite structures where properties of complementary components are intended to mitigate each other's weaknesses. A major type of such hybrid particulate structures has included CaP as a surface coating, the goal being to augment bioactivity, promote an intimate interaction with living tissues, facilitate cellular uptake and/or impart smart, pH-sensitive properties to the particles, among other intended effects.

Areas covered: In this review article, historical remarks, recent examples, challenges and opportunities pertaining to CaP-coated nanoparticles for drug delivery are elaborated. Discussion is supplemented with a bibliographic analysis and framed within a chronological timeline.

Expert opinion: Phenomenal properties and functions are bound to be elicited by composite structures containing CaP coatings and it is imperative that the exploration of these hybrids continues in decades that follow.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present major therapeutic challenges due to the presence of the blood - brain barrier (BBB) and disease heterogeneity. The BBB impedes most therapeutic agents, which restricts conventional treatments. Focused ultrasound (FUS) -assisted delivery offers a novel solution by temporarily disrupting the BBB and thereby enhancing drug delivery to the CNS.

Areas covered: This review outlines the fundamental principles of FUS-assisted drug delivery technology, with an emphasis on its role in enhancing the spatial precision of therapeutic interventions and its molecular effects on the cellular composition of the BBB. Recent promising clinical studies are surveyed, and a comparative analysis of current US-assisted delivery system is provided. Additionally, the latest advancements and challenges of this technology are discussed.

Expert opinion: FUS-mediated drug delivery shows promise, but the clinical translation of research findings is challenging. Key issues include safety, dosage optimization, and balancing efficacy with the risk of tissue damage. Continued research is crucial to address these challenges and bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, and could transform treatments of CNS disorders.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the field of nanomedicine by exploring novel nanomaterials for developing therapies of high efficacy. AI works on larger datasets, finding sought-after nano-properties for different therapeutic aims and eventually enhancing nanomaterials' safety and effectiveness. AI leverages patient clinical and genetic data to predict outcomes, guide treatments, and optimize drug dosages and forms, enhancing benefits while minimizing side effects. AI-supported nanomedicine faces challenges like data fusion, ethics, and regulation, requiring better tools and interdisciplinary collaboration. This review highlights the importance of AI regarding patient care and urges scientists, medical professionals, and regulators to adopt AI for better outcomes.

Areas covered: Personalized Nanomedicine, Material Discovery, AI-Driven Therapeutics, Data Integration, Drug Delivery, Patient Centric Care.

Expert opinion: Today, AI can improve personalized health wellness through the discovery of new types of drug nanocarriers, nanomedicine of specific properties to tackle targeted medical needs, and an increment in efficacy along with safety. Nevertheless, problems such as ethical issues, data security, or unbalanced data sets need to be addressed. Potential future developments involve using AI and quantum computing together and exploring telemedicine i.e. the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) approach can enhance the quality of patient care in a personalized manner by timely decision-making.

Introduction: In recent years, the evolution of immunotherapy as a means to trigger a robust antitumor immune response has revolutionized cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy is hindered by low response rates and significant systemic side effects. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising frontier in shaping the future of cancer immunotherapy.

Areas covered: This review elucidates the pivotal role of nanomedicine in reshaping the immune tumor microenvironment and explores innovative strategies pursued by diverse research groups to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. It discusses the hurdles encountered in cancer immunotherapy and the application of nanomedicine for small molecule immune modulators and nucleic acid therapeutics. It also highlights the advancements in DNA and mRNA vaccines facilitated by nanotechnology and outlines future trajectories in this evolving field.

Expert opinion: Collectively, the integration of nanomedicine into cancer immunotherapy stands as a promising avenue to tackle the intricacies of the immune tumor microenvironment. Innovations such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines have shown promise. Future developments will likely optimize nanoparticle design through artificial intelligence and create biocompatible, multifunctional nanoparticles, promising more effective, personalized, and durable cancer treatments, potentially transforming the field in the foreseeable future.

Introduction: Adenosine (ADO) is a naturally occurring nucleoside primarily synthesized through the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate. Within the tumor microenvironment, ADO levels substantially increase, resulting in suppressed immune responses.

Areas covered: Nanosystems offer a promising approach for precise drug delivery to tumor lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress in the development of nanosystems that modulate adenosine signaling for tumor immunotherapy. These nanosystems are designed to target adenosine-hydrolyzing proteins, increase adenosine decomposition, and antagonize adenosine receptors.

Expert opinion: Based on the literature review, adenosine has great potential in tumor immunotherapy, and nano-drug delivery system has great application prospects in targeted cancer therapy in the near future due to its superior characteristics.