Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Viral diseases such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused due to coronaviruses (CoVs), Ebola, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are still some of the major global causes of morbidity and mortality. Traditional antiviral therapies face limitations because of resistance development and toxicity. As a result, plant-derived medicines are gaining more attention for their therapeutic potential, owing to their lower toxicity and reduced likelihood of resistance development.

Areas covered: This review critically examines the antiviral properties of phytoconstituents like coumarins, steroids, and polysaccharides against various viruses. It discusses their integration with nanotechnology delivery systems to overcome bioavailability issues and highlights the need for translational studies to corroborate in vitro results.

Expert opinion: The convergence of phytotherapy and nanotechnology represents a promising frontier in antiviral drug development. While significant progress has been made in identifying active phytochemicals and formulating them with nanocarriers, more in-vivo data, clinical research, standardization efforts, and regulatory clarity are needed. This review may serve as a foundational resource for researchers aiming to develop innovative antiviral therapies based on natural compounds and nanotechnology-based delivery systems.

Introduction: Calcium carbonate particles are a very potent type of inorganic drug delivery carriers, which have attractive pH responsiveness, strong mechanical properties, and a relatively high loading capacity. Adding organic constituents, like hydrogels, to calcium carbonate particles results in hybrid carriers, where the size, loading capacity, and release profiles can be controlled with higher precision.

Areas covered: This review summarizes recent progress in inorganic and hybrid CaCO₃ carriers, highlighting their potential for sustainable and targeted delivery including different methods of synthesis, analyzing loading and release as well as application of machine learning predictive capabilities to design the most desired polymorph: vaterite. Applications cover not only traditional and very extensive field of biomedicine but also delivery to plants in agriculture.

Expert opinion: Calcium carbonate, especially vaterite, offers a tunable, biocompatible platform for controlled and sustainable delivery. Hybrid CaCO₃-hydrogel systems address the limits of purely inorganic or organic carriers. Machine learning and explainable AI will accelerate synthesis and formulation optimization. Future progress depends on scalable, eco-friendly production and clear regulatory frameworks.

Introduction: Curcumin is a polyphenol with a variety of pharmacological actions. Despite its therapeutic effects and well-known safety profile, the utility of curcumin has been limited due to its deprived physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic profile resulting from limited solubility, durability, prompt deterioration and pitiable systemic availability. Employment of an amalgamated framework integrating the potential advantages of a nanoscaffold alongside the beneficial traits of inhalational drug delivery system beautifully bringing down the restricting attributes of intended curative interventions and further assures its clinical success.

Areas covered: Current review discussed different application of inhalable nanocurcumin in different medical conditions. Lung diseases have been the prime field in which inhalable nanocurcumin had resulted in significant beneficial effects. Apart from this several lung protective potentials of the inhaled nanocurcumin have been discussed against severe pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary fibrosis, radiation pneumonitis, and IUGR-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Also, application of the disclosed intervention in the clinical management of COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease has been discussed.

Expert opinion: In this portion, the potential of inhalable nanocurcumin in addressing various medical conditions along with ongoing advancements in nanoencapsulation techniques and the existing challenges in transitioning from pre-clinical models to clinical practice has been summarized.

Introduction: Cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems provide a robust platform for designing targeted nanocarriers that efficiently encapsulate, stabilize, and deliver poorly soluble drugs to specific sites. Their unique ability to form host - guest complexes and construct supramolecular networks adorned with tailored ligands allows precise targeting of diseased areas, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects.

Areas covered: This review provides an overview of recent advances in cyclodextrin-based carriers for targeted drug delivery. It examines a wide array of ligand-functionalized systems, from conjugates and assemblies to branched polymers and nanosponges, organized according to their target organs, including the brain, eyes, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and breast. The discussion is grounded in an extensive literature search, highlighting strategies such as the incorporation of active targeting ligands, stimuli-responsive release mechanisms, and dual-function theragnostic platforms.

Expert opinion: Although cyclodextrin-based systems have demonstrated promising improvements in drug solubility, stability, and target specificity, challenges remain with regard to overcoming biological barriers and minimizing off-target effects. The authors believe that continued optimization of carrier design, combined with advances in targeting and stimuli-responsive technologies, will be crucial for translating these innovative systems into effective clinical therapies.

Introduction: This review summarizes the application of nanomaterial-mediated intra-articular targeted drug delivery systems in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and their regulatory mechanisms on key cellular signaling pathways. Studies have shown that novel nanocarriers can effectively load, deliver, and controllably release therapeutic agents, significantly enhancing drug bioavailability and reducing systemic toxicity. By precisely modulating signaling pathways, nanomaterials (NM) can effectively suppress inflammatory responses, alleviate oxidative stress, promote chondrocyte anabolism, delay extracellular matrix degradation, and regulate programmed cell death. This study highlights the potential of NM as a multi-target, synergistic therapeutic strategy for OA intervention, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of next-generation precision therapies for OA.

Areas covered: This paper reviews the research progress of nano-drug delivery technology in the treatment of joint diseases, focusing on the potential mechanisms of targeted drug delivery and retention, promoting regeneration and repair, and realizing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We identified relevant literature through PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on studies published over the past five years.

Expert opinion: Nanomaterials for osteoarthritis treatment are evolving from passive drug carriers to intelligently responsive, targeted multifunctional systems capable of personalized, proactive, and regenerative therapy, overcoming current limitations in toxicity and delivery precision.

Background: While generic inhalers are approved based on therapeutic equivalence to their reference listed drug (RLD) counterparts, design and labeling differences may unintentionally affect product usability and patient adherence. Comparative use data for drug-device combination products such as inhalers is limited, leaving gaps in understanding how design variations influence use errors.

Research design and methods: This study systematically compared five RLD inhalers and eight US FDA-approved generic counterparts selected from the US FDA Orange Book. The data was analyzed using a structured framework to classify and compare physical characteristics, labeling elements, and instructional cues.

Results: Differences were identified across all five groups, including variations in device shape, mouthpiece design, dose counter placement, handling technique, and instruction. Group 1 showed the most differences. These differences may result in errors such as incorrect device handling, reduced drug deposition, or increased difficulty learning proper inhaler techniques.

Conclusions: Findings revealed that design and labeling differences can introduce cognitive and physical product use challenges, potentially impacting proper inhaler use and patient adherence. While this study relied solely on publicly available materials, future work should incorporate user testing, digital human modeling, and assessments across patient populations with varying use characteristics.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with conventional therapies mainly providing symptomatic relief without targeting underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Additionally, limitations of systemic drug administration, including poor tissue targeting and low accumulation, highlight the need for innovative approaches.

Areas covered: Nanomedicine offers promising strategies for CVDs. Among nanocarriers, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) are particularly attractive due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive behavior, and versatility for drug incorporation. This report summarizes recent advances, identified through a literature search using Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, on the application of CaP NPs for CVD therapy. Although still in its infancy, emerging evidence, including studies in large animal models, suggests the CaP NPs can selectively target cardiac tissues and efficiently deliver diverse bioactive molecules.

Expert opinion: CaP NPs represent a highly promising platform for cardiovascular therapy. Their safety and potential for noninvasive inhalation administration could enable precise, effective, and patient-friendly treatments. Future research, including comparative studies with other nanocarriers, will help to validate their therapeutic potential. Continued development of CaP NP-based strategies may transform CVD management by enabling molecular-level interventions that improve clinical outcomes, reduce systemic side effects, and allow rapid and convenient dosing.

Background: Felodipine (FLD) is an L-type calcium channel blocker with pronounced neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the efficacy of FLD has been impeded by limited solubility, poor bioavailability, and sub-optimal accumulation. Thus, the current study unfolds the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers based on in-situ gel of FLD (FLD-NLCs gel) to ameliorate dementia.

Methods: The FLD-contained NLCs were prepared using the microemulsion-sonication method and further integrated into thermosensitive gel comprised poloxamer 407 and HPMC K4M. The formulation was evaluated by ex-vivo permeation study, cell culture studies, and in-vivo efficacy study. The toxicity of formulation was assessed by HET-CAM assay, and nasal cilitoxicity study.

Results: The optimized FLD-NLCs had nanoscaled dimension, spherical shape, and augmented %EE (~96%). The FLD-NLCs gel displayed biphasic release, with ~1.3-fold higher permeation as relative to free FLD. The HET-CAM assay and cell culture study revealed compatible nature of formulation. The in-vivo biochemical, neurotransmitter, and inflammatory marker determination revealed neuroprotective and restorative potential of the FLD-NLCs gel.

Conclusions: The repurposing tactic of FLD presents a viable concept to combat AD. Also, the NLC-based temperature responsive intranasal gel exemplifies a practical approach to augment the efficacy of FLD.