Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present major therapeutic challenges due to the presence of the blood - brain barrier (BBB) and disease heterogeneity. The BBB impedes most therapeutic agents, which restricts conventional treatments. Focused ultrasound (FUS) -assisted delivery offers a novel solution by temporarily disrupting the BBB and thereby enhancing drug delivery to the CNS.

Areas covered: This review outlines the fundamental principles of FUS-assisted drug delivery technology, with an emphasis on its role in enhancing the spatial precision of therapeutic interventions and its molecular effects on the cellular composition of the BBB. Recent promising clinical studies are surveyed, and a comparative analysis of current US-assisted delivery system is provided. Additionally, the latest advancements and challenges of this technology are discussed.

Expert opinion: FUS-mediated drug delivery shows promise, but the clinical translation of research findings is challenging. Key issues include safety, dosage optimization, and balancing efficacy with the risk of tissue damage. Continued research is crucial to address these challenges and bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, and could transform treatments of CNS disorders.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the field of nanomedicine by exploring novel nanomaterials for developing therapies of high efficacy. AI works on larger datasets, finding sought-after nano-properties for different therapeutic aims and eventually enhancing nanomaterials' safety and effectiveness. AI leverages patient clinical and genetic data to predict outcomes, guide treatments, and optimize drug dosages and forms, enhancing benefits while minimizing side effects. AI-supported nanomedicine faces challenges like data fusion, ethics, and regulation, requiring better tools and interdisciplinary collaboration. This review highlights the importance of AI regarding patient care and urges scientists, medical professionals, and regulators to adopt AI for better outcomes.

Areas covered: Personalized Nanomedicine, Material Discovery, AI-Driven Therapeutics, Data Integration, Drug Delivery, Patient Centric Care.

Expert opinion: Today, AI can improve personalized health wellness through the discovery of new types of drug nanocarriers, nanomedicine of specific properties to tackle targeted medical needs, and an increment in efficacy along with safety. Nevertheless, problems such as ethical issues, data security, or unbalanced data sets need to be addressed. Potential future developments involve using AI and quantum computing together and exploring telemedicine i.e. the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) approach can enhance the quality of patient care in a personalized manner by timely decision-making.

Introduction: With the worldwide growing burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), innovative therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Inhaled antibodies (Abs) represent a promising avenue, offering targeted treatment options with potentially better therapeutic index compared to traditional delivery methods.

Areas covered: This comprehensive review summarizes the challenges faced in delivering Abs by (intranasal and pulmonary) inhalation. It outlines the physiological and biological barriers encountered by inhaled drugs, as well as the influence of delivery devices and formulation on the deposition and efficacy of inhaled molecules. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of the current clinical trial landscape of inhaled anti-RTI Abs, highlighting the progress in the development of inhaled Abs targeting a range of pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism of action, therapeutic targets, and clinical outcomes of these novel therapies are detailed.

Expert opinion: Delivery of Abs by inhalation faces several challenges. Addressing these challenges and developing specific approaches to deliver inhaled Abs represent a promising avenue for the development of the next generation of inhaled Abs. By offering targeted, localized therapy with the potential for a better therapeutic index, inhaled Abs could significantly improve outcomes for patients with RTIs.

Background: Dose administration aids (DAA) are widely used to improve adherence. In New Zealand (NZ) more pharmacies are utilizing automated filling robots to meet DAA demand. Pradaxa™ capsules containing dabigatran etexilate (DE) is problematic. It is moisture-sensitive, and Medsafe (NZ regulator), recommends keeping the capsule in its original packaging until administration. This prevents DE from repacking into DAA, reducing the effectiveness of the DAA. Overseas studies demonstrated stability of DE in DAA. However, the findings cannot be extrapolated to NZ environments.

Research design and methods: Pradaxa™ 110 mg capsules repackaged in DAA were stored in conditions mimicking real-life settings (room temperature, bedroom and fridge) for 16 weeks. At predetermined timepoints, the capsules were evaluated for drug content and dissolution profile.

Results: DE samples stored in NZ conditions for 16 weeks met the drug content requirement of 85-115% except for unit-dose sachet samples stored in fridge condition (79.7% ± 6.82). Samples demonstrated similarity in dissolution profile until 8 weeks with release rate decreased at 16 weeks under all storage conditions.

Conclusion: DE capsules repackaged in DAA demonstrated stability for up to 8 weeks in all NZ storage conditions, confirming the safety of repackaging DE into a DAA.

Introduction: Chiral nanocarriers enhance therapeutic efficacy by improving in vivo stability and cellular uptake. Chemical functionalization reduces cytotoxicity, resulting in favorable biocompatibility. Nanoparticles self-assemble into supraparticles, enhancing drug delivery through improved retention and drug loading.

Area covered: This review covers chiral nanostructures and chiral supraparticles, and their applications in drug delivery and various healthcare applications.

Expert opinion: The chirality of biomaterials is crucial for advancing nanomedicine. Chiral nanosystem enhance drug delivery by interacting selectively with biological molecules, improving their specificity and efficacy. This reduces off-target effects and improves therapeutic outcomes. Research has focused on cellular uptake and elimination to ensure safety, and chiral nanomaterials also show promise in optical sensing and gene editing. Their biocompatibility and ability to self-assemble into supraparticles may make them ideal for drug delivery systems.

Introduction: Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to their unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, and targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology have transformed these systems into multifunctional platforms for personalized CNS treatment.

Areas covered: This review examines the latest research on bacterial carriers for treating ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and gliomas. Bacteria efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier via active targeting, endocytosis, paracellular transport, and the nose-to-brain route for precise drug delivery. Various bacterial drug delivery systems, such as OMVs and bacterial ghosts, are explored for their design and application. Databases were searched in Google Scholar for the period up to December 2024.

Expert opinion: Future developments in bacterial drug delivery will rely on AI-driven design and high-throughput engineering, enhancing treatment precision. Personalized medicine will further optimize bacterial carriers for individual patients, but challenges such as biosafety, immune rejection, and scalability must be addressed. As multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies advance, bacterial carriers are expected to play a central role in CNS disease treatment, offering novel precision medicine solutions.

Introduction: In recent years, the evolution of immunotherapy as a means to trigger a robust antitumor immune response has revolutionized cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy is hindered by low response rates and significant systemic side effects. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising frontier in shaping the future of cancer immunotherapy.

Areas covered: This review elucidates the pivotal role of nanomedicine in reshaping the immune tumor microenvironment and explores innovative strategies pursued by diverse research groups to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. It discusses the hurdles encountered in cancer immunotherapy and the application of nanomedicine for small molecule immune modulators and nucleic acid therapeutics. It also highlights the advancements in DNA and mRNA vaccines facilitated by nanotechnology and outlines future trajectories in this evolving field.

Expert opinion: Collectively, the integration of nanomedicine into cancer immunotherapy stands as a promising avenue to tackle the intricacies of the immune tumor microenvironment. Innovations such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines have shown promise. Future developments will likely optimize nanoparticle design through artificial intelligence and create biocompatible, multifunctional nanoparticles, promising more effective, personalized, and durable cancer treatments, potentially transforming the field in the foreseeable future.

Introduction: Adenosine (ADO) is a naturally occurring nucleoside primarily synthesized through the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine triphosphate. Within the tumor microenvironment, ADO levels substantially increase, resulting in suppressed immune responses.

Areas covered: Nanosystems offer a promising approach for precise drug delivery to tumor lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research progress in the development of nanosystems that modulate adenosine signaling for tumor immunotherapy. These nanosystems are designed to target adenosine-hydrolyzing proteins, increase adenosine decomposition, and antagonize adenosine receptors.

Expert opinion: Based on the literature review, adenosine has great potential in tumor immunotherapy, and nano-drug delivery system has great application prospects in targeted cancer therapy in the near future due to its superior characteristics.