Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-58
V. Ivanenko, R. I. Korneykov, N. Zharov
The results of a study of the sorption properties of ion-exchange materials based on hydrated titanium (IV) oxohydroxophosphates with respect to rare-earth metal cations are presented in this paper. A high affinity of the latters for the sorption matrix in nitrate media was established, which is determined by the ion radius of the sorbate and increases in the series Y3+ Gd3+ Eu3+ Sm3+ Nd3+ Ce3+ at pH=4 and La3+ Ce3+ Y3+ Yb3+ at pH=1.5 for all the studied sample compositions. It was experimentally shown that the doping of sorbents based on titanium (IV) oxyhydroxophosphates with zirconium (IV) cations, which differs from titanium (IV) in acid-base properties, leads to an increase in the sorption properties of ion exchangers, which allows the use of modified compositions for sorption of rare-earth metal cations from solutions with high acidity. It was established that partial dehydration of the sorption matrix and increase in temperature increase the sorption ability of ion-exchange materials. Sorption extraction of rare-earth element cations by sorbents of various compositions was carried out from solutions simulating real technological objects generated during the processing of nuclear fuel waste. It is shown that sorption materials based on hydrated titanium (IV) oxohydroxophosphates are promising ion exchangers for the extraction of rare-earth element cations from technological solutions with complex chemical composition. It was established that unmodified sorbent compositions are promising for the selective extraction of rare-earth element cations, while modified compositions are of interest for group sorption. The thermal treatment of a sorbent saturated with radioisotopes leads to the formation of crystalline insoluble mineral-like compounds, which ensures reliable immobilization of the sorbed components during long-term storage of the spent product.
{"title":"Justification of the prospects of using phosphatotitanium ion exchangers for extracting rare earth metals from solutions of radionuclides","authors":"V. Ivanenko, R. I. Korneykov, N. Zharov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-58","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study of the sorption properties of ion-exchange materials based on hydrated titanium (IV) oxohydroxophosphates with respect to rare-earth metal cations are presented in this paper. A high affinity of the latters for the sorption matrix in nitrate media was established, which is determined by the ion radius of the sorbate and increases in the series Y3+ Gd3+ Eu3+ Sm3+ Nd3+ Ce3+ at pH=4 and La3+ Ce3+ Y3+ Yb3+ at pH=1.5 for all the studied sample compositions. It was experimentally shown that the doping of sorbents based on titanium (IV) oxyhydroxophosphates with zirconium (IV) cations, which differs from titanium (IV) in acid-base properties, leads to an increase in the sorption properties of ion exchangers, which allows the use of modified compositions for sorption of rare-earth metal cations from solutions with high acidity. It was established that partial dehydration of the sorption matrix and increase in temperature increase the sorption ability of ion-exchange materials. Sorption extraction of rare-earth element cations by sorbents of various compositions was carried out from solutions simulating real technological objects generated during the processing of nuclear fuel waste. It is shown that sorption materials based on hydrated titanium (IV) oxohydroxophosphates are promising ion exchangers for the extraction of rare-earth element cations from technological solutions with complex chemical composition. It was established that unmodified sorbent compositions are promising for the selective extraction of rare-earth element cations, while modified compositions are of interest for group sorption. The thermal treatment of a sorbent saturated with radioisotopes leads to the formation of crystalline insoluble mineral-like compounds, which ensures reliable immobilization of the sorbed components during long-term storage of the spent product.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85531972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-18
V. Popok, V. A. Shandakov
Special phase diagram points (eutecism, peritectics, co-crystallizates) of double (generally multi-component) mixtures of energy material components characterize the states and properties of mixtures some interest to mixed energy materials. The construction of phase charts in the form of the dependence of melting temperature on the content of components in the mixture is based on experimental data. The Schroeder equation is traditionally used to predict special points (melting and component content at eutecical, peritic, socrystalsitis) and approximation of experimental data. The use of Schroeder's experimental methods and equations is limited by a number of conditions and requirements related to the sodouriability and thermal durability of components and mixtures, the congruence of melting, the kinetic features of melting processes and crystallization. In addition, the use of the Schroeder equation suggests, in general, the presence of experimental data on the temperature and entalpia of melting components and mixtures at special points. Taken together, this determines attempts to predict the properties of mixtures at special points of the lyckued line regarding simple correlations or the use of a modified Schroeder equation in approximation experimental data. This is supposed to use a minimum amount of information for individual components, for example, at melting temperature. By the present time, the positive results of such a hike to determine the ratio of components in double mixtures with one particular point (eutecism) on the lyckeudus line have been published. In this study, new correlations have been obtained for the forecast of the melting rate of double mixtures at special points of the liquidus line containing eutecicism, eutecicism and peritectomy, two eutecics and a point of component co-crystalization. This uses data only on the melting temperature of individual components of mixtures. The resulting high correlation ratios(R) R2 0.94 are consistent with the results of the use of Schroeder equations with the temperature and entalphee of melting components and mixtures. this, the sustainability of the correlations in publications was assessed, while expanding the sample size of components from other classes.
{"title":"New correlations for the prediction of double-mix phase chart characteristics components of energy materials","authors":"V. Popok, V. A. Shandakov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-18","url":null,"abstract":"Special phase diagram points (eutecism, peritectics, co-crystallizates) of double (generally multi-component) mixtures of energy material components characterize the states and properties of mixtures some interest to mixed energy materials. The construction of phase charts in the form of the dependence of melting temperature on the content of components in the mixture is based on experimental data. The Schroeder equation is traditionally used to predict special points (melting and component content at eutecical, peritic, socrystalsitis) and approximation of experimental data. The use of Schroeder's experimental methods and equations is limited by a number of conditions and requirements related to the sodouriability and thermal durability of components and mixtures, the congruence of melting, the kinetic features of melting processes and crystallization. In addition, the use of the Schroeder equation suggests, in general, the presence of experimental data on the temperature and entalpia of melting components and mixtures at special points. Taken together, this determines attempts to predict the properties of mixtures at special points of the lyckued line regarding simple correlations or the use of a modified Schroeder equation in approximation experimental data. This is supposed to use a minimum amount of information for individual components, for example, at melting temperature. By the present time, the positive results of such a hike to determine the ratio of components in double mixtures with one particular point (eutecism) on the lyckeudus line have been published. In this study, new correlations have been obtained for the forecast of the melting rate of double mixtures at special points of the liquidus line containing eutecicism, eutecicism and peritectomy, two eutecics and a point of component co-crystalization. This uses data only on the melting temperature of individual components of mixtures. The resulting high correlation ratios(R) R2 0.94 are consistent with the results of the use of Schroeder equations with the temperature and entalphee of melting components and mixtures. this, the sustainability of the correlations in publications was assessed, while expanding the sample size of components from other classes.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82993418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-40
A. Klyushnikov, E. Selivanov
Using the methods of Х-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectral microanalysis, the material composition of the pyrrhotite concentrate pellets subjected to partial oxidative roasting was studied. The structure and elemental composition of the obtained products are estimated, the features of the interphase distribution of elements are revealed. Heat treatment (800 °C) of the concentrate in an oxidizing atmosphere leads to a partial change in the forms of the basic elements. The proposed sequence of high-temperature reactions of solid phases and oxygen is established. The effect of oxidation on the formation of the zoning of the granules was confirmed. The zoning is associated with various desulfurization levels, which decreasing from 81% in the surface layer to 46% in the core. With deepening, the aleuritic structure of the material acquires the characteristics of an aleuropsammitic structure, the microtexture retains a random porous character, and the pore size is reduced from 38 to 10 µm. The clastic component, represented by grains (size up to 145 μm) of a comminuted, angular, and semi-rounded shape, corresponding in composition to the Fe1–xS–FeOm and FeS2–FeOm systems, as well as CaSO4, spinelids and silicates, is supplemented by CuSO4 and (Fe,Ni)9S8 crystals. Basal cement (size up to 25 μm), similar in mineral composition to debris, passes into the pore cement (15 μm), marked by the predominance of complex aluminosilicates, calcium sulfates and sulfides, its volume fraction is reduced from 88 to 45%. Nickel in all layers of granules is associated with iron oxides and sulfides, which are part of the clastic and cement components, its highest contents (6.1-7.6 % wt.) are confined to Fe2O3 and (Fe,Ni)9S8. In detrital grains of CuSO4, up to 4.9 % wt. Cu was found. The close contact of higher iron oxides and sulfides contributes to the fact that the enrichment of oxide phases with nickel occurs during the oxidation period. The porous nature of the microtexture of the granules weakens the intra-diffusion difficulties of the oxidation process and contributes to the completeness of the transformation of sulfides into oxides. Subsequent smelting of a partially oxidized compacted concentrate with a flux (silicate nickeliferous ore) will make it possible to gain a matte with a regulated non-ferrous metal content.
{"title":"Composition and constitution of pyrrhotite concentrate pellets after partial oxidative roasting","authors":"A. Klyushnikov, E. Selivanov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-40","url":null,"abstract":"Using the methods of Х-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectral microanalysis, the material composition of the pyrrhotite concentrate pellets subjected to partial oxidative roasting was studied. The structure and elemental composition of the obtained products are estimated, the features of the interphase distribution of elements are revealed. Heat treatment (800 °C) of the concentrate in an oxidizing atmosphere leads to a partial change in the forms of the basic elements. The proposed sequence of high-temperature reactions of solid phases and oxygen is established. The effect of oxidation on the formation of the zoning of the granules was confirmed. The zoning is associated with various desulfurization levels, which decreasing from 81% in the surface layer to 46% in the core. With deepening, the aleuritic structure of the material acquires the characteristics of an aleuropsammitic structure, the microtexture retains a random porous character, and the pore size is reduced from 38 to 10 µm. The clastic component, represented by grains (size up to 145 μm) of a comminuted, angular, and semi-rounded shape, corresponding in composition to the Fe1–xS–FeOm and FeS2–FeOm systems, as well as CaSO4, spinelids and silicates, is supplemented by CuSO4 and (Fe,Ni)9S8 crystals. Basal cement (size up to 25 μm), similar in mineral composition to debris, passes into the pore cement (15 μm), marked by the predominance of complex aluminosilicates, calcium sulfates and sulfides, its volume fraction is reduced from 88 to 45%. Nickel in all layers of granules is associated with iron oxides and sulfides, which are part of the clastic and cement components, its highest contents (6.1-7.6 % wt.) are confined to Fe2O3 and (Fe,Ni)9S8. In detrital grains of CuSO4, up to 4.9 % wt. Cu was found. The close contact of higher iron oxides and sulfides contributes to the fact that the enrichment of oxide phases with nickel occurs during the oxidation period. The porous nature of the microtexture of the granules weakens the intra-diffusion difficulties of the oxidation process and contributes to the completeness of the transformation of sulfides into oxides. Subsequent smelting of a partially oxidized compacted concentrate with a flux (silicate nickeliferous ore) will make it possible to gain a matte with a regulated non-ferrous metal content.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-117
I. Belyaeva, V. Glushchenkov, N. Rodenko, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samorodov, Peter P. Purygin, O. Kaganov
Pulse magnetic fields are widely used in modern technology. We studied the antiaggregation properties of pentoxifylline and aspirin irradiated by a pulsed magnetic field at certain parameters: intensity H, frequency f, number of pulses n. The impact of a pulsed magnetic field was carried out both on powdered and dissolved drugs in solution. The aim of the study is to study the effect of high-intensity PMF on the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline and aspirin Evaluation of the anti-aggregation effect was carried out using the method of thromboelastography. on a TEG 5000 apparatus. In the analysis of thromboelastograms, the general coagulation tendency was, the functional activity of platelets and fibrinogen, the activity of fibrinolysis, and the physicomechanical properties of the formed clots were determined. Since thrombosis poses a threat to human health, today the use of antiplatelet agents for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is beyond doubt. It was found that exposure to a pulsed magnetic field causes significant changes in the antiplatelet activity of only the pentoxifylline molecule. The effect of PMF on the aspirin molecule has not been identified. This is due, in one hand, to a significant difference in the structure of molecules, as well as to the reaction mechanism in which the studied antiplatelet agents are involved. It can be predicted that the effect of pulsed fields on drugs, which are heterocyclic compounds, antimetabolites, and competitive enzyme inhibitors, can enhance the biological effect of these drugs. A hypothesis was put forward to increase the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline by exposure to PMF associated with a change in the conformation of the molecule and an increase in affinity for the active site of cAMP-phosphodiesterase.
{"title":"Changes in the activity of various platelet antiplatelet agents when exposed to a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field","authors":"I. Belyaeva, V. Glushchenkov, N. Rodenko, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samorodov, Peter P. Purygin, O. Kaganov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-117","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse magnetic fields are widely used in modern technology. We studied the antiaggregation properties of pentoxifylline and aspirin irradiated by a pulsed magnetic field at certain parameters: intensity H, frequency f, number of pulses n. The impact of a pulsed magnetic field was carried out both on powdered and dissolved drugs in solution. The aim of the study is to study the effect of high-intensity PMF on the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline and aspirin Evaluation of the anti-aggregation effect was carried out using the method of thromboelastography. on a TEG 5000 apparatus. In the analysis of thromboelastograms, the general coagulation tendency was, the functional activity of platelets and fibrinogen, the activity of fibrinolysis, and the physicomechanical properties of the formed clots were determined. Since thrombosis poses a threat to human health, today the use of antiplatelet agents for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is beyond doubt. It was found that exposure to a pulsed magnetic field causes significant changes in the antiplatelet activity of only the pentoxifylline molecule. The effect of PMF on the aspirin molecule has not been identified. This is due, in one hand, to a significant difference in the structure of molecules, as well as to the reaction mechanism in which the studied antiplatelet agents are involved. It can be predicted that the effect of pulsed fields on drugs, which are heterocyclic compounds, antimetabolites, and competitive enzyme inhibitors, can enhance the biological effect of these drugs. A hypothesis was put forward to increase the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline by exposure to PMF associated with a change in the conformation of the molecule and an increase in affinity for the active site of cAMP-phosphodiesterase.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83352056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-1
V. Popok, Nickolay I. Popok, N. V. Bychin, S. N. Aponyakina
Crystallization of CL-20 (HNIW) with all the variety of methods faces a number of problems caused by heterogeneous nucleation, polymorphic transformations of the product in the process of crystallization, stability most polymorphic modifications of HNIW under normal conditions, difficulty reproducing granulometric composition and polymorphic purity of the product in laboratory, pilot and industrial facilities. Analysis of literary data shows that important but little researched factors that determine the properties of crystalline product obtained by different methods are: the properties of the crystallizer material; properties of solvents to process the surface of the devices after crystallization; properties of solvents and sediments used in HNIW crystallization. An important element is the analysis of the influence of the type of plasticizers of mixed energy materials (MEM) on the crystallization and co-crystalization processes of HNIW in MEM compositions. It is of some interest to obtain HNIW ultra-dispersing and nanoscale powders in the MEM plasticizer environment, if used as sediments in HNIW crystallization processes. The article presents the results of experimental studies of influence: the type of material from which the crystallizer is made, the influences of the type of polar solvents used to wash the crystallizer before its subsequent use, influences of the type of MEM plasticizers, as sediments or environments for the creation of the emulsion of HNIW solution in emulsion and sedimentary methods, on crystallization (recrystalization) HNIW; polar polymer-type material for co-crystalization in the polar polymer/HNIW system in thin layers under normal conditions and at cryogenic temperature. The results of the research on the co-crystalization of octogen and HNIW in the environment of inert and nitroester plasticizers of MEM are also presented. Glass, aluminum, stainless steel, porcelain and fluoroplast crystallizers were used to crystallize HNIW/acetone/o-xylol. Acetone, water, ethanol, o-xylol in different combinations or sequences were used to wash crystallizers or to process them further before crystallizing. MEM plasticizers were used as sediments instead of o-xylol: transformer oil, dioctyladipineate, propylene glycol, diethylene, triethylene glycol and nitroglycerin. Polar polymer/HNIW casseators used glass, aluminum, stainless steel, fluoroplast and poly-ethylene to co-crystallize in thin layers at room and cryogenic temperatures. Polyvinilacetate, acetyleulose, nitrocellulose were used as polar polymers. The co-crystalization of HNIW with the octogen was considered in model blends with the above MEM plasticizers. Studies allow you to choose the conditions for the crystallization and co-crystallization of HNIW with the provision of reproducible characteristics of variability, polymorphic composition, including for the receipt of a high-dispersive product -modifications. The possibility of obtaining a high-dispersal product (crys
{"title":"Crystallization and co-crystallization of CL-20. Influence of some process conditions on product properties","authors":"V. Popok, Nickolay I. Popok, N. V. Bychin, S. N. Aponyakina","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-1","url":null,"abstract":"Crystallization of CL-20 (HNIW) with all the variety of methods faces a number of problems caused by heterogeneous nucleation, polymorphic transformations of the product in the process of crystallization, stability most polymorphic modifications of HNIW under normal conditions, difficulty reproducing granulometric composition and polymorphic purity of the product in laboratory, pilot and industrial facilities. Analysis of literary data shows that important but little researched factors that determine the properties of crystalline product obtained by different methods are: the properties of the crystallizer material; properties of solvents to process the surface of the devices after crystallization; properties of solvents and sediments used in HNIW crystallization. An important element is the analysis of the influence of the type of plasticizers of mixed energy materials (MEM) on the crystallization and co-crystalization processes of HNIW in MEM compositions. It is of some interest to obtain HNIW ultra-dispersing and nanoscale powders in the MEM plasticizer environment, if used as sediments in HNIW crystallization processes. The article presents the results of experimental studies of influence: the type of material from which the crystallizer is made, the influences of the type of polar solvents used to wash the crystallizer before its subsequent use, influences of the type of MEM plasticizers, as sediments or environments for the creation of the emulsion of HNIW solution in emulsion and sedimentary methods, on crystallization (recrystalization) HNIW; polar polymer-type material for co-crystalization in the polar polymer/HNIW system in thin layers under normal conditions and at cryogenic temperature. The results of the research on the co-crystalization of octogen and HNIW in the environment of inert and nitroester plasticizers of MEM are also presented. Glass, aluminum, stainless steel, porcelain and fluoroplast crystallizers were used to crystallize HNIW/acetone/o-xylol. Acetone, water, ethanol, o-xylol in different combinations or sequences were used to wash crystallizers or to process them further before crystallizing. MEM plasticizers were used as sediments instead of o-xylol: transformer oil, dioctyladipineate, propylene glycol, diethylene, triethylene glycol and nitroglycerin. Polar polymer/HNIW casseators used glass, aluminum, stainless steel, fluoroplast and poly-ethylene to co-crystallize in thin layers at room and cryogenic temperatures. Polyvinilacetate, acetyleulose, nitrocellulose were used as polar polymers. The co-crystalization of HNIW with the octogen was considered in model blends with the above MEM plasticizers. Studies allow you to choose the conditions for the crystallization and co-crystallization of HNIW with the provision of reproducible characteristics of variability, polymorphic composition, including for the receipt of a high-dispersive product -modifications. The possibility of obtaining a high-dispersal product (crys","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88210286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-140
Anatoly A. Babenco, L. Smirnov, A. G. Upolovnikova, O. V. Nechvoglod
Thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of the CaO – SiO2 – Ce2O3 system containing 15% Al2O3 and 8% MgO by dissolved aluminum in the metal at temperatures of 1550 and 1650 °C was performed using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry software package (Outokumpu), based on minimizing Gibbs energy and variational principles of thermodynamics using the method of simplex planning lattices (mass% is indicated in this expression and hereinafter). When constructing the planning matrix, the following restrictions were imposed on the variable components of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-Al2O3-MgO system: CaO/SiO2 = 2-5; 15% Al2O3; 8% MgO and 1-7% Ce2O3. As a result of imposing restrictions on the change of components in the system, the studied region is represented by a local simplex in the form of two concentration triangles whose vertices are the pseudo-components Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4. It was found that depending on the temperature of the metal, the basicity of the slag and the cerium oxide content in the steel, containing 0.06% carbon, 0.25% silicon and 0.05% aluminum, goes from 0.055 to 16 ppm cerium. The positive influence of the temperature factor, slag basicity and cerium oxide content in the studied range of chemical composition on the cerium reduction process is explained from the standpoint of the phase composition of the formed slags and the thermodynamics of cerium reduction reactions. When the metal is kept under slag with a basicity of 2.0, containing 1.0% cerium oxide, it passes into the metal at a temperature of 1550 °C to 0.055 ppm cerium. An increase in the temperature of the system to 1650 °C is accompanied by a slight increase in the concentration of cerium, reaching no more than 0.085 ppm. The most noticeable increase in the cerium content in the metal is observed with an increase in the slag basicity. It is noted that the shift of slags containing 7.0% cerium oxide to the region increased to 5.0 basicity provides, in the temperature range 1550-1650 °C, the equilibrium cerium content in the metal at the level of 12-16 ppm.
{"title":"Thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-15%Al2O3-8%MgO system by dissolved aluminum in the metal","authors":"Anatoly A. Babenco, L. Smirnov, A. G. Upolovnikova, O. V. Nechvoglod","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-140","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of the CaO – SiO2 – Ce2O3 system containing 15% Al2O3 and 8% MgO by dissolved aluminum in the metal at temperatures of 1550 and 1650 °C was performed using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry software package (Outokumpu), based on minimizing Gibbs energy and variational principles of thermodynamics using the method of simplex planning lattices (mass% is indicated in this expression and hereinafter). When constructing the planning matrix, the following restrictions were imposed on the variable components of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-Al2O3-MgO system: CaO/SiO2 = 2-5; 15% Al2O3; 8% MgO and 1-7% Ce2O3. As a result of imposing restrictions on the change of components in the system, the studied region is represented by a local simplex in the form of two concentration triangles whose vertices are the pseudo-components Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4. It was found that depending on the temperature of the metal, the basicity of the slag and the cerium oxide content in the steel, containing 0.06% carbon, 0.25% silicon and 0.05% aluminum, goes from 0.055 to 16 ppm cerium. The positive influence of the temperature factor, slag basicity and cerium oxide content in the studied range of chemical composition on the cerium reduction process is explained from the standpoint of the phase composition of the formed slags and the thermodynamics of cerium reduction reactions. When the metal is kept under slag with a basicity of 2.0, containing 1.0% cerium oxide, it passes into the metal at a temperature of 1550 °C to 0.055 ppm cerium. An increase in the temperature of the system to 1650 °C is accompanied by a slight increase in the concentration of cerium, reaching no more than 0.085 ppm. The most noticeable increase in the cerium content in the metal is observed with an increase in the slag basicity. It is noted that the shift of slags containing 7.0% cerium oxide to the region increased to 5.0 basicity provides, in the temperature range 1550-1650 °C, the equilibrium cerium content in the metal at the level of 12-16 ppm.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76102017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-49
L. Udoeva, V. Chumarev
The demand for renewable energy sources, including solar, is increasing every year, stimulating researchers to develop innovative technological solutions for obtaining material for photovoltaic modules - solar silicon. The article discusses a new process for the vapor transport of silicon in the form of sulfide compounds, which can serve as the basis for a halogen-free technology for producing high-purity silicon for photovoltaic batteries. Considering the well-known properties of silicon di- and monosulfide, it is proposed to use zinc sulfide as a carrier reagent, the presence of which in the Si-ZnS system first provides silicon sulfidization with the formation of gaseous products Zn (g) and SiS (g), and then the reduction of monosulfide to elemental silicon. The possibility of a chemical vapor transport reaction of silicon with zinc sulfide at a temperature above 1000 °C and a Si/ZnS ratio of 1 was justified by the method of the thermodynamic simulation of interactions in the Si-ZnS system in the temperature range 500-1500 °C. Based on the obtained equilibrium models of the interaction of zinc sulfide with technical silicon (grade Kr 2), the separation coefficients of (α) silicon from impurity elements that affect the electrophysical properties of silicon, in particular, reduce the lifetime of excess charge carriers, are calculated. The selectivity of this transport reaction and the prospects for its use for refining metallurgical silicon are estimated. It has been shown that the use of the silicon transfer reaction of zinc sulfide, for example, at 1100 °C, can provide deep purification of silicon from Fe, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Cu (α ~ 108-1012), as well as Mg and Al (α ~ 104-106). The process is less effective for removing P and B (α ~ 102) and is not applicable for alkali metals in the entire studied temperature range. It is theoretically possible to improve the refining indexes by lowering the reaction temperature, but the necessary sulfur concentration in the gas phase for the complete conversion of silicon to SiS (g) is achieved only above 1050-1100 oC due to thermal dissociation of ZnS.
{"title":"Assessment of silicon purification possibility by chemical vapor transport reaction with zinc sulfide","authors":"L. Udoeva, V. Chumarev","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-49","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for renewable energy sources, including solar, is increasing every year, stimulating researchers to develop innovative technological solutions for obtaining material for photovoltaic modules - solar silicon. The article discusses a new process for the vapor transport of silicon in the form of sulfide compounds, which can serve as the basis for a halogen-free technology for producing high-purity silicon for photovoltaic batteries. Considering the well-known properties of silicon di- and monosulfide, it is proposed to use zinc sulfide as a carrier reagent, the presence of which in the Si-ZnS system first provides silicon sulfidization with the formation of gaseous products Zn (g) and SiS (g), and then the reduction of monosulfide to elemental silicon. The possibility of a chemical vapor transport reaction of silicon with zinc sulfide at a temperature above 1000 °C and a Si/ZnS ratio of 1 was justified by the method of the thermodynamic simulation of interactions in the Si-ZnS system in the temperature range 500-1500 °C. Based on the obtained equilibrium models of the interaction of zinc sulfide with technical silicon (grade Kr 2), the separation coefficients of (α) silicon from impurity elements that affect the electrophysical properties of silicon, in particular, reduce the lifetime of excess charge carriers, are calculated. The selectivity of this transport reaction and the prospects for its use for refining metallurgical silicon are estimated. It has been shown that the use of the silicon transfer reaction of zinc sulfide, for example, at 1100 °C, can provide deep purification of silicon from Fe, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Cu (α ~ 108-1012), as well as Mg and Al (α ~ 104-106). The process is less effective for removing P and B (α ~ 102) and is not applicable for alkali metals in the entire studied temperature range. It is theoretically possible to improve the refining indexes by lowering the reaction temperature, but the necessary sulfur concentration in the gas phase for the complete conversion of silicon to SiS (g) is achieved only above 1050-1100 oC due to thermal dissociation of ZnS.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"546 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-110
Veronika A. Mukhina, V. Prikhodko, N. Kirillova, N. Anisimova, A. Ivanov
In a previous work, a method for the synthesis of a new metal-polymer complex of oxovanadium (IV) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone was described, its structure was studied by spectral methods, and its composition was determined. Based on the data of electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, it was shown that the complex is formed due to the interaction of the metal with nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the polymer lactam ring, it should be noted that this type of interaction can occur both by intramolecular or intermolecular coordination. Using the Prozorovsky’s express method for estimation of acute oral toxicity the median value of LD50 of the synthesized complex was determined and it amounted to 1350 ± 160 mg/kg. The obtained LD50 value allow to attribute this metal-polymer complex to the class of low-toxic substances, which opens up some prospects for its further research on insulinomimetic activity. The aim of this work is to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of new polymer derivatives of vanadyl (VO2+) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and to explore the possibility of using these compounds or compositions based on them for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The work describes a method for creating an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in animals, combining the use of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin as a diabetogenic agent. The results of evaluating the effect of the studied metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism of laboratory animals as changes in blood glucose and urine, change daily diuresis of animals during treatment. The results of evaluating the effect of the metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in laboratory animals as a change in blood and urine glucose, a change in the daily diuresis of animals during and after treatment are presented. The investigation of the effect of the obtained vanadium compounds on carbohydrate indices was carried out using metformin as a comparison drug. It was found that the new metal-polymer complexes of vanadium have hypoglycemic activity, normalizing the blood glucose level of laboratory animals with high-fat diet/ streptozotocin induced diabetes.
{"title":"Insulin-mimetic macromolecular poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone-based vanadium metallocomplexes. Part 2. Assessment of the hypoglycemic activity of the vanadium macromolecular metal complex","authors":"Veronika A. Mukhina, V. Prikhodko, N. Kirillova, N. Anisimova, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-110","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous work, a method for the synthesis of a new metal-polymer complex of oxovanadium (IV) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone was described, its structure was studied by spectral methods, and its composition was determined. Based on the data of electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, it was shown that the complex is formed due to the interaction of the metal with nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the polymer lactam ring, it should be noted that this type of interaction can occur both by intramolecular or intermolecular coordination. Using the Prozorovsky’s express method for estimation of acute oral toxicity the median value of LD50 of the synthesized complex was determined and it amounted to 1350 ± 160 mg/kg. The obtained LD50 value allow to attribute this metal-polymer complex to the class of low-toxic substances, which opens up some prospects for its further research on insulinomimetic activity. The aim of this work is to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of new polymer derivatives of vanadyl (VO2+) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and to explore the possibility of using these compounds or compositions based on them for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The work describes a method for creating an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in animals, combining the use of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin as a diabetogenic agent. The results of evaluating the effect of the studied metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism of laboratory animals as changes in blood glucose and urine, change daily diuresis of animals during treatment. The results of evaluating the effect of the metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in laboratory animals as a change in blood and urine glucose, a change in the daily diuresis of animals during and after treatment are presented. The investigation of the effect of the obtained vanadium compounds on carbohydrate indices was carried out using metformin as a comparison drug. It was found that the new metal-polymer complexes of vanadium have hypoglycemic activity, normalizing the blood glucose level of laboratory animals with high-fat diet/ streptozotocin induced diabetes.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-29
A. V. Pozdin, D. D. Smirnova, L. Maskaeva, G. Rusinov, V. F. Markov
The group II-VI semiconductor materials including Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) thin films are widely used in many fields of science and technology, in particular in optoelectronics, nanoelectronics and solar energy. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) represents the simplest and the most available technique for deposition of semiconducting layers. CBD is characterized by deletion of toxic gaseous precursors, operation at low temperature and using of inexpensive equipment. The ionic equilibriums in reaction mixture «CdCl2 – L − Na2SeSO3» (L− NH4OH or Na3C6H5¬O7 or mixture of NH4OH and Na3C6H5¬O7 ) were calculated in present work. The prevailing cadmium complex compounds were determined in appropriate for CBD of cadmium selenide films pH range. The main complex compounds inhibiting fast formation of cadmium selenide are Cd(OH)Cit^(2-) complex (in citrat- and ammonia-citrat mixtures) and 〖Cd(NH_3)〗_5^(2+) complex (in ammonia mixture). Also the boundary conditions of forming CdSe and Cd(OH)2 in reaction mixture were determined by thermodynamic calculation based on crystallization factor to estimate the formation conditions of main (CdSe) and impurity (Cd(OH)2) phases. The results of the calculations show that the solid phase of cadmium selenide is possible to form in pH range from 10 to 14. CdSe films were grown by chemical bath deposition on glass substrates at a temperature of 353 K. The thickness of films ranges from 100 to 220 nm. The grain size of films is about 30 nm which was determined by electron microscopic investigations. The elemental composition of cadmium selenide was defined by energy dispersive analysis; the ratio of cadmium and selenium is 1.03 : 1.16. The conductivity of n-type was determined by the sign of thermoelectromotive force.
{"title":"Chemical bath synthesis of metal chalcogenide films. Part 41. Hydrochemical deposition of thin films of cadmium selenide by sodium selenosulfate","authors":"A. V. Pozdin, D. D. Smirnova, L. Maskaeva, G. Rusinov, V. F. Markov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-29","url":null,"abstract":"The group II-VI semiconductor materials including Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) thin films are widely used in many fields of science and technology, in particular in optoelectronics, nanoelectronics and solar energy. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) represents the simplest and the most available technique for deposition of semiconducting layers. CBD is characterized by deletion of toxic gaseous precursors, operation at low temperature and using of inexpensive equipment. The ionic equilibriums in reaction mixture «CdCl2 – L − Na2SeSO3» (L− NH4OH or Na3C6H5¬O7 or mixture of NH4OH and Na3C6H5¬O7 ) were calculated in present work. The prevailing cadmium complex compounds were determined in appropriate for CBD of cadmium selenide films pH range. The main complex compounds inhibiting fast formation of cadmium selenide are Cd(OH)Cit^(2-) complex (in citrat- and ammonia-citrat mixtures) and 〖Cd(NH_3)〗_5^(2+) complex (in ammonia mixture). Also the boundary conditions of forming CdSe and Cd(OH)2 in reaction mixture were determined by thermodynamic calculation based on crystallization factor to estimate the formation conditions of main (CdSe) and impurity (Cd(OH)2) phases. The results of the calculations show that the solid phase of cadmium selenide is possible to form in pH range from 10 to 14. CdSe films were grown by chemical bath deposition on glass substrates at a temperature of 353 K. The thickness of films ranges from 100 to 220 nm. The grain size of films is about 30 nm which was determined by electron microscopic investigations. The elemental composition of cadmium selenide was defined by energy dispersive analysis; the ratio of cadmium and selenium is 1.03 : 1.16. The conductivity of n-type was determined by the sign of thermoelectromotive force.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82031531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-106
K. Zagorodnikova
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is a commonly-used antipyretic and analgesic. However, there have been reports indicating possible link between its use in pregnancy and impaired neuropsychic development in children. A number of prospective studies of the possible negative effect of acetaminophen on the development of a child after his mother took this drug during pregnancy, as well as the results of studies on glioma cells and neurons in murine cortex, may indicate presence of the neurotoxic effect of acetaminophen. It is currently unclear if paracetamol itself being pharmacologically active neurotropic substance, or its metabolites, one of which – NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) known by its toxic effects in mitochindria, play the most significant role in proposed neurotoxicity. Therefore it seems important to study each metabolite separately. The ability of acetaminophen(paracetamol) in concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml to reduce cell viability was shown on cells of the PC12 neuronal line using MTT-method, which is based on the ability of mitochondria of viable cells to restore formazan 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Concentrations of 0.125 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml had no similar impact on cell culture viability. In addition, the impact of hydrogen peroxide (as an inducer of oxidative stress) on the neurotoxic effect of acetaminophen was studied. We demonstrated that in the presence of 0.3 mM or 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide and acetaminophen in concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml reliably reduced the percentage of surviving cells. We showed that the decrease of the viability of the cells of the PC12 neuronal line is obvious only after exposure to high concentrations of acetaminophen, especially in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which means that neurotoxic effect is not likely to occur in vivo.
{"title":"The impact of oxidative stress on the neurotoxic effect of acetaminophen","authors":"K. Zagorodnikova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-106","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is a commonly-used antipyretic and analgesic. However, there have been reports indicating possible link between its use in pregnancy and impaired neuropsychic development in children. A number of prospective studies of the possible negative effect of acetaminophen on the development of a child after his mother took this drug during pregnancy, as well as the results of studies on glioma cells and neurons in murine cortex, may indicate presence of the neurotoxic effect of acetaminophen. It is currently unclear if paracetamol itself being pharmacologically active neurotropic substance, or its metabolites, one of which – NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) known by its toxic effects in mitochindria, play the most significant role in proposed neurotoxicity. Therefore it seems important to study each metabolite separately. The ability of acetaminophen(paracetamol) in concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml to reduce cell viability was shown on cells of the PC12 neuronal line using MTT-method, which is based on the ability of mitochondria of viable cells to restore formazan 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Concentrations of 0.125 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml had no similar impact on cell culture viability. In addition, the impact of hydrogen peroxide (as an inducer of oxidative stress) on the neurotoxic effect of acetaminophen was studied. We demonstrated that in the presence of 0.3 mM or 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide and acetaminophen in concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml reliably reduced the percentage of surviving cells. We showed that the decrease of the viability of the cells of the PC12 neuronal line is obvious only after exposure to high concentrations of acetaminophen, especially in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which means that neurotoxic effect is not likely to occur in vivo.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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