Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-152
O. Eliseeva, A. F. Eliseev, S. Belopukhov
The near infrared spectroscopy method investigated the chemical composition of fragrance basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) with green leaf colour, the Stella variety, which is a green culture with a short period of vegetation. The lighting was carried out using 400 W arc sodium mirror lamps (DNaZ 400), with a light flux of 46 thousand. Lm, whose spectrum is predominantly orange-red light (650 nm), is most effective for photosynthesis. The level of illumination when growing basil was 10 thousand and 15 thousand lk. The longitude of the day, taking into account the lighting, was 16 hours. In the above-ground portion of the basil plants, the protein, fiber, lipid, ash and starch content was determined by near infrared spectroscopy on an infrared SpectraStar XT analyzer, model 1400ХТ-3, full scanning range 1400-2600 nm. The increase in illumination stimulated photosynthetic activity and the synthesis of assimilates, achieving, at a certain level of illumination, an equilibrium state between the amount of CO2 absorbed and released. Basil plants have been shown to react differently to different levels of illumination. Using BIC spectroscopy, it was found that with increased illumination, the protein content of basil plants decreased from 23.4% at 10,000 lx to 20.1% at 15,000 lx, and the starch content increased from 30.1% at 10,000 lx to 43.7% at 15,000 lx. The content of basil in plants at different levels of illumination of such indicators as fat, ash and fiber remained at the same level and amounted to 3.06, respectively; 8.51 and 26.4% at 10 thousand lx and 2.80; 8.08 and 26.5% at 15 thousand lux.
{"title":"Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for basil chemical composition analysis","authors":"O. Eliseeva, A. F. Eliseev, S. Belopukhov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-152","url":null,"abstract":"The near infrared spectroscopy method investigated the chemical composition of fragrance basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) with green leaf colour, the Stella variety, which is a green culture with a short period of vegetation. The lighting was carried out using 400 W arc sodium mirror lamps (DNaZ 400), with a light flux of 46 thousand. Lm, whose spectrum is predominantly orange-red light (650 nm), is most effective for photosynthesis. The level of illumination when growing basil was 10 thousand and 15 thousand lk. The longitude of the day, taking into account the lighting, was 16 hours. In the above-ground portion of the basil plants, the protein, fiber, lipid, ash and starch content was determined by near infrared spectroscopy on an infrared SpectraStar XT analyzer, model 1400ХТ-3, full scanning range 1400-2600 nm. The increase in illumination stimulated photosynthetic activity and the synthesis of assimilates, achieving, at a certain level of illumination, an equilibrium state between the amount of CO2 absorbed and released. Basil plants have been shown to react differently to different levels of illumination. Using BIC spectroscopy, it was found that with increased illumination, the protein content of basil plants decreased from 23.4% at 10,000 lx to 20.1% at 15,000 lx, and the starch content increased from 30.1% at 10,000 lx to 43.7% at 15,000 lx. The content of basil in plants at different levels of illumination of such indicators as fat, ash and fiber remained at the same level and amounted to 3.06, respectively; 8.51 and 26.4% at 10 thousand lx and 2.80; 8.08 and 26.5% at 15 thousand lux.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82322039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-125
I. Garkushin, O. Lavrenteva, Karina R. Gilmanova, Y. Andreeva
The paper presents analytical and graphical dependences of the individual haloganides melts specific electrical conductivity æ of the sodium NaHal series (Hal – F, Cl, Br, I) on the halogen order number Z, ionic radius r of haloganide-ion Hal–, halogen ionic potential 1/r, reduced ionic radius r/Z, difference of electronegativity (∆χ = χ(Hal) – χ(Na)): æ = f(Z); æ = f(r); æ = f(1/r); æ = f(r/Z); æ = f(∆χ) for the temperature higher melting temperatures on 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 150 и 200°. M.Kh. Karapetyans сomparative methods were applied for the description. The minimum standard deviation and maximum correlation coefficient corresponds to the equation æ–1 = a + bexp1/r, according to which the numerical values of æ(NaAt) are calculated for real temperatures. The temperature dependence æ of the NaAt melt is described by the equation æ = 0.0508+0.0023Т. A comparative analysis of the relationship between the specific electrical conductivity of NaHal melts at a temperature of Tm + n (n = 10 ... 200° higher the melting temperature) and æ at (Tm + 5°). A comparative analysis is represented by straightforward dependencies. It was shown that the specific electrical conductivity of the NaAt melt is related to the electrical conductivity of LiAt by the direct equation æ(NaAt) = 0.035+0.607æ(LiAt). The straight line equationalso relates æ of the NaHal melt (Hal – F, Br, I, At) to the specific conductivity of the NaCl melt. Between the numerical values of the specific electrical conductivity of the sodium astatide (NaAt) melt calculated by different methods, consistent data were obtained.
{"title":"Analytical description of sodium halogenides melts specific electric conductivity and its calculation for sodium astatide melt","authors":"I. Garkushin, O. Lavrenteva, Karina R. Gilmanova, Y. Andreeva","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-125","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents analytical and graphical dependences of the individual haloganides melts specific electrical conductivity æ of the sodium NaHal series (Hal – F, Cl, Br, I) on the halogen order number Z, ionic radius r of haloganide-ion Hal–, halogen ionic potential 1/r, reduced ionic radius r/Z, difference of electronegativity (∆χ = χ(Hal) – χ(Na)): æ = f(Z); æ = f(r); æ = f(1/r); æ = f(r/Z); æ = f(∆χ) for the temperature higher melting temperatures on 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 150 и 200°. M.Kh. Karapetyans сomparative methods were applied for the description. The minimum standard deviation and maximum correlation coefficient corresponds to the equation æ–1 = a + bexp1/r, according to which the numerical values of æ(NaAt) are calculated for real temperatures. The temperature dependence æ of the NaAt melt is described by the equation æ = 0.0508+0.0023Т. A comparative analysis of the relationship between the specific electrical conductivity of NaHal melts at a temperature of Tm + n (n = 10 ... 200° higher the melting temperature) and æ at (Tm + 5°). A comparative analysis is represented by straightforward dependencies. It was shown that the specific electrical conductivity of the NaAt melt is related to the electrical conductivity of LiAt by the direct equation æ(NaAt) = 0.035+0.607æ(LiAt). The straight line equationalso relates æ of the NaHal melt (Hal – F, Br, I, At) to the specific conductivity of the NaCl melt. Between the numerical values of the specific electrical conductivity of the sodium astatide (NaAt) melt calculated by different methods, consistent data were obtained.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79234599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-62
A. Kolesnikov, E. Ageenko
In this work, we studied the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen (hydroxonium ion) from acidic aqueous solutions in the presence of a surface active substance – pyridine. H2SO4 (r.h.) was used as a reagent to study the discharge of hydroxonium cations. The effect of pyridine on the reduction of hydrogen cations was carried out in solutions of sulfuric acid (0.09; 0.18; 0.36 M) with pyridine additives from 1.4·10-3 to 8.4·10-3 M. Potentiostatic studies were performed on a Potentiostat P-30Jcom Elins using a three-electrode cell. The working electrode (cathode) was made of M1 grade copper with an area of 0.09 cm2; auxiliary (anode) – from a platinum plate with an area of 0.20 cm2, the reference electrode is silver chloride (AgCl/Ag). The results are presented according to the average data obtained during 30 s of electrolysis in the potential region (-950-1100 mV for AgCl/Ag), with potentiometric measurements. The results are presented by the average data obtained in the initial 5 s of the process, in studies in the galvanostatic mode at current densities from 0 to 110 mV/cm2. An increase in the constant current of load almost to a small extent influenced the change in overvoltage with time, as shown by galvanostatic studies. Overvoltage, on average, decreased from 3-6 to 1-2 mV in the first 5 seconds of the beginning of the process, during the study with or without pyridine. Overvoltage ceased to depend after 10-15 s on the time of galvanostation. The effect of the addition of pyridine to the electrolyte was studied and it was shown that the negative effect of pyridine on the discharge of the hydroxonium ion increases with increasing acidity of the electrolyte. An increase in the density of exchange currents with a decrease in the content of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is noted, which is associated with the approach of the electrode system to the equilibrium state. The decrease in the transfer coefficients of the hydrogen discharge reaction with an increase in the acid of content in the electrolyte and pyridine additives was explained by the distant position of the transition state localization from the electrode surface. The calculations of the reaction order for the hydroxonium ion in the presence and absence of pyridine in the electrolyte are presented. The obtained value of the reaction order, taking into account standard errors close to unity, allows us to conclude that at the initial stage, the hydroxonium of molecule is discharged, the products of which are atomic hydrogen, the HSO4 anion and water. In the kinetics of the process of the discharge of hydrogen cations, the stages can further play an important role: surface diffusion of hydrogen ad-atoms, formation of gas bubbles and their desorption, adsorption of hydrogen by metal.
{"title":"The effect of pyridine on the electrochemical parameters of the hydroxonium discharge at the copper cathode","authors":"A. Kolesnikov, E. Ageenko","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-62","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we studied the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen (hydroxonium ion) from acidic aqueous solutions in the presence of a surface active substance – pyridine. H2SO4 (r.h.) was used as a reagent to study the discharge of hydroxonium cations. The effect of pyridine on the reduction of hydrogen cations was carried out in solutions of sulfuric acid (0.09; 0.18; 0.36 M) with pyridine additives from 1.4·10-3 to 8.4·10-3 M. Potentiostatic studies were performed on a Potentiostat P-30Jcom Elins using a three-electrode cell. The working electrode (cathode) was made of M1 grade copper with an area of 0.09 cm2; auxiliary (anode) – from a platinum plate with an area of 0.20 cm2, the reference electrode is silver chloride (AgCl/Ag). The results are presented according to the average data obtained during 30 s of electrolysis in the potential region (-950-1100 mV for AgCl/Ag), with potentiometric measurements. The results are presented by the average data obtained in the initial 5 s of the process, in studies in the galvanostatic mode at current densities from 0 to 110 mV/cm2. An increase in the constant current of load almost to a small extent influenced the change in overvoltage with time, as shown by galvanostatic studies. Overvoltage, on average, decreased from 3-6 to 1-2 mV in the first 5 seconds of the beginning of the process, during the study with or without pyridine. Overvoltage ceased to depend after 10-15 s on the time of galvanostation. The effect of the addition of pyridine to the electrolyte was studied and it was shown that the negative effect of pyridine on the discharge of the hydroxonium ion increases with increasing acidity of the electrolyte. An increase in the density of exchange currents with a decrease in the content of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is noted, which is associated with the approach of the electrode system to the equilibrium state. The decrease in the transfer coefficients of the hydrogen discharge reaction with an increase in the acid of content in the electrolyte and pyridine additives was explained by the distant position of the transition state localization from the electrode surface. The calculations of the reaction order for the hydroxonium ion in the presence and absence of pyridine in the electrolyte are presented. The obtained value of the reaction order, taking into account standard errors close to unity, allows us to conclude that at the initial stage, the hydroxonium of molecule is discharged, the products of which are atomic hydrogen, the HSO4 anion and water. In the kinetics of the process of the discharge of hydrogen cations, the stages can further play an important role: surface diffusion of hydrogen ad-atoms, formation of gas bubbles and their desorption, adsorption of hydrogen by metal.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90844883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-37
G. G. Garifzianova
This paper presents the results of computer simulation of tautomeric transformations of the molecule 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone. It is known from the literature that the presence of substituents in the 1,4-position of anthraquinone-9,10 leads to various tautomeric transformations, with a shift in the absorption maximum and the appearance of absorption bands in the red wave region in electronic spectra. Both the 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone described in the literature and the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone are characterized by two types of prototropic tautomerism – keto-enol and amino-imine. Quantum-chemical modeling contributes to the calculation of the relative energies of tautomers and isomers, the barriers of their interconversions, as well as finding their structural parameters. The aim of this study was to study the mechanism of the formation of tautomers during hydrogen transfer in the molecule of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, as well as the formation of isomers during migration of the OH group. The calculations were performed using the Gaussian09 program. To study of various tautomers of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, the B3LYP method with the def2TZV basis was used. A search was conducted for transition states during hydrogen transfer and OH group migration. The descent along the reaction path was calculated to confirm that the transition state is in the path of the desired reaction. The minima corresponding to the starting material and product were localized. The activation enthalpies of the studied reactions were calculated. Migration of the OH group in the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone molecule leads to the formation of 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone. As the calculation shows, the keto-form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone is energetically more profitable than all the isomers studied in this work, including the enol form. The smallest difference in total potential energies is 23.7 kJ/mol between the initial ketone form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone and the last transformation structure – the 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone molecule.
{"title":"Theoretical study of the isomerization of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone","authors":"G. G. Garifzianova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of computer simulation of tautomeric transformations of the molecule 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone. It is known from the literature that the presence of substituents in the 1,4-position of anthraquinone-9,10 leads to various tautomeric transformations, with a shift in the absorption maximum and the appearance of absorption bands in the red wave region in electronic spectra. Both the 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone described in the literature and the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone are characterized by two types of prototropic tautomerism – keto-enol and amino-imine. Quantum-chemical modeling contributes to the calculation of the relative energies of tautomers and isomers, the barriers of their interconversions, as well as finding their structural parameters. The aim of this study was to study the mechanism of the formation of tautomers during hydrogen transfer in the molecule of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, as well as the formation of isomers during migration of the OH group. The calculations were performed using the Gaussian09 program. To study of various tautomers of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone, the B3LYP method with the def2TZV basis was used. A search was conducted for transition states during hydrogen transfer and OH group migration. The descent along the reaction path was calculated to confirm that the transition state is in the path of the desired reaction. The minima corresponding to the starting material and product were localized. The activation enthalpies of the studied reactions were calculated. Migration of the OH group in the 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone molecule leads to the formation of 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone. As the calculation shows, the keto-form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone is energetically more profitable than all the isomers studied in this work, including the enol form. The smallest difference in total potential energies is 23.7 kJ/mol between the initial ketone form of 1-amino-4-phenylamino-9,10-anthraquinone and the last transformation structure – the 4-phenylamino-9-amino-1,10-anthraquinone molecule.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76983735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-81
Renata S. Krymskaya
Corrosion of metal products during storage, transportation, or other inter-operational periods keeps researchers concerned, and as a result, encourages study of anti-corrosion protection agents in current unstable economic situation, for example, possibility of their recycling. It is not surprising that nowadays scientists are searching for anti-corrosion protection agents. Accordingly, important requirements for corrosion protection agents are affordability and adaptability. The term “adaptability” means that anti-corrosion protection agents can be used in hard-to-reach structures. Under such conditions, the best anti-corrosion protection agents are preservation compounds, as they are relatively inexpensive, often organic-based, with an effective corrosion inhibitor in. The author tested anti-corrosion effectiveness of FMT corrosion inhibitor solution in diesel fuel. FMT is a nitrogen-containing inhibitor consisting of tallow oil fatty acids and added copper derivatives of chlorophyll (where central magnesium atom of chlorophyll is replaced by copper). Copper derivatives of chlorophyll were obtained from kelp algae extract. We synthesized a new solution of FMT inhibitor in diesel fuel; this solution has a natural coniferous complex instead of copper derivatives of chlorophyll from algae. FMT efficiency was proved experimentally in accelerated corrosion tests. The paper explains necessity of synthesizing a new type of FMT inhibitor after experimental stability assessment of various solutions. The article also gives an example of how this compound can be used for storing petroleum products in the space between the first and second bottom of underground tanks (oil storage tanks with double walls and double bottom).
{"title":"Inhibited compound for internal preservation","authors":"Renata S. Krymskaya","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-81","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion of metal products during storage, transportation, or other inter-operational periods keeps researchers concerned, and as a result, encourages study of anti-corrosion protection agents in current unstable economic situation, for example, possibility of their recycling. It is not surprising that nowadays scientists are searching for anti-corrosion protection agents. Accordingly, important requirements for corrosion protection agents are affordability and adaptability. The term “adaptability” means that anti-corrosion protection agents can be used in hard-to-reach structures. Under such conditions, the best anti-corrosion protection agents are preservation compounds, as they are relatively inexpensive, often organic-based, with an effective corrosion inhibitor in. The author tested anti-corrosion effectiveness of FMT corrosion inhibitor solution in diesel fuel. FMT is a nitrogen-containing inhibitor consisting of tallow oil fatty acids and added copper derivatives of chlorophyll (where central magnesium atom of chlorophyll is replaced by copper). Copper derivatives of chlorophyll were obtained from kelp algae extract. We synthesized a new solution of FMT inhibitor in diesel fuel; this solution has a natural coniferous complex instead of copper derivatives of chlorophyll from algae. FMT efficiency was proved experimentally in accelerated corrosion tests. The paper explains necessity of synthesizing a new type of FMT inhibitor after experimental stability assessment of various solutions. The article also gives an example of how this compound can be used for storing petroleum products in the space between the first and second bottom of underground tanks (oil storage tanks with double walls and double bottom).","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75356952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-70
Renata S. Krymskaya, Ekaterina I. Plaskeeva, Svetlana E. Bogdanova
This paper deals with an essential issue of safe methods for temporary metal products protection against corrosion. Nowadays, there are a lot of corrosion inhibitors available; however, most of them are based on chemically hazardous derivatives of amines, nitrites, and chromates contained therein. The listed substances negatively affect both people and the environment. In Arctic weather conditions it is especially important to have reliable and safe anti-corrosion systems that can be applied in marine equipment preservation technologies. It is extremely undesirable to make any repairs and painting works under Arctic conditions, any restoration paintwork of metal items, as well as number of unpainted metal items to be protected must be minimized. The safest preservation methods are aqueous solutions; with such solutions, metal structures to be protected in Arctic conditions either do not need any preparatory preserving agent washing off, or washing off is ultimately simplified. This paper presents wide-spread inhibitors and inhibitors synthesized from safe natural fatty acids of vegetable oils. The article considers their characteristics and applicability. Also, the paper determines environmental hazard classes of aqueous preservation solutions by using biological testing objects. It allows us to assess a hazard level of the applied preservation method, regardless of how substances or combination thereof cause changes in vital functions of the testing objects. Based on the experiments conducted, the article discusses a possibility of using low-hazard preservation methods.
{"title":"Biological testing of aqueous-based metal preservation technologies","authors":"Renata S. Krymskaya, Ekaterina I. Plaskeeva, Svetlana E. Bogdanova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-70","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an essential issue of safe methods for temporary metal products protection against corrosion. Nowadays, there are a lot of corrosion inhibitors available; however, most of them are based on chemically hazardous derivatives of amines, nitrites, and chromates contained therein. The listed substances negatively affect both people and the environment. In Arctic weather conditions it is especially important to have reliable and safe anti-corrosion systems that can be applied in marine equipment preservation technologies. It is extremely undesirable to make any repairs and painting works under Arctic conditions, any restoration paintwork of metal items, as well as number of unpainted metal items to be protected must be minimized. The safest preservation methods are aqueous solutions; with such solutions, metal structures to be protected in Arctic conditions either do not need any preparatory preserving agent washing off, or washing off is ultimately simplified. This paper presents wide-spread inhibitors and inhibitors synthesized from safe natural fatty acids of vegetable oils. The article considers their characteristics and applicability. Also, the paper determines environmental hazard classes of aqueous preservation solutions by using biological testing objects. It allows us to assess a hazard level of the applied preservation method, regardless of how substances or combination thereof cause changes in vital functions of the testing objects. Based on the experiments conducted, the article discusses a possibility of using low-hazard preservation methods.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82403737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-91
I. S. Dolgin, P. P. Purygin, Y. Zarubin
At the first stages of the research work, a copolymer of styrene and α methyl styrene was synthesized by the method of radical emulsion polymerization in an inert atmosphere of argon. The initiator was ammonium persulfate. The molar ratio of the initial monomers of styrene and α-methylstyrene was 70 : 30, respectively. It was found that copolymers synthesized under special controlled conditions have good values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent. It should be noted that the choice of emulsifier directly affects the values of these indicators. It was previously shown that the most optimal emulsifier is potassium stearate, using which the best values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were achieved. At the second stage of the research work, a number of copolymers were synthesized containing 4-methoxystyrene, 4 methyl styrene and α-methyl styrene in their structure. It was experimentally confirmed that the synthesis procedure may be applicable for the preparation of copolymers based on derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene. The resulting series of copolymers is highly soluble in methylene chloride; films of each copolymer sample of different thicknesses were obtained by casting from a solution. For this series of copolymer films, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were determined. It was found that the best values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are possessed by a sample of copolymer 4-methoxystyrene and α-methylstyrene. At the latest stage of the study, copolymers of styrene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, α-methylstyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene were synthesized. These fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene easily enough enter into the reaction of radical emulsion copolymerization. The copolymer yields are 53-76%, calculated on the weight of the starting monomers. The structure of a number of newly synthesized copolymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. In the future, it is planned to define the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent for these copolymer samples. It is planned to study the thermomechanical properties of the samples, since fluorine-containing polymers are a promising material for operation at elevated temperatures.
{"title":"Synthesis of new copolymers based on 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, styrene, α-methylstyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene","authors":"I. S. Dolgin, P. P. Purygin, Y. Zarubin","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-91","url":null,"abstract":"At the first stages of the research work, a copolymer of styrene and α methyl styrene was synthesized by the method of radical emulsion polymerization in an inert atmosphere of argon. The initiator was ammonium persulfate. The molar ratio of the initial monomers of styrene and α-methylstyrene was 70 : 30, respectively. It was found that copolymers synthesized under special controlled conditions have good values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent. It should be noted that the choice of emulsifier directly affects the values of these indicators. It was previously shown that the most optimal emulsifier is potassium stearate, using which the best values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were achieved. At the second stage of the research work, a number of copolymers were synthesized containing 4-methoxystyrene, 4 methyl styrene and α-methyl styrene in their structure. It was experimentally confirmed that the synthesis procedure may be applicable for the preparation of copolymers based on derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene. The resulting series of copolymers is highly soluble in methylene chloride; films of each copolymer sample of different thicknesses were obtained by casting from a solution. For this series of copolymer films, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were determined. It was found that the best values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are possessed by a sample of copolymer 4-methoxystyrene and α-methylstyrene. At the latest stage of the study, copolymers of styrene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, α-methylstyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene and 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene were synthesized. These fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene easily enough enter into the reaction of radical emulsion copolymerization. The copolymer yields are 53-76%, calculated on the weight of the starting monomers. The structure of a number of newly synthesized copolymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. In the future, it is planned to define the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent for these copolymer samples. It is planned to study the thermomechanical properties of the samples, since fluorine-containing polymers are a promising material for operation at elevated temperatures.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-110
T. Kuryakova, S. G. Bezryadin, Elena Yu. Klyukvina, L. Mezhueva
The presence of aggressive aqueous solutions of mineral salts leads to rapid wear of both oil pumping and refining equipment. Gas separation and preliminary water discharge are difficult. This is one of the reasons that it is necessary to dehydrate the oil emulsion from the moment it was formed, preventing its aging. The second most important reason for oil dehydration in the areas of its production is the high cost of transporting ballast-produced water. To determine the most suitable demulsifier used at the Tsarichansk field, a series of laboratory studies was conducted. According to the results of laboratory tests, it was found that the developed new multifunctional composite demulsifier Denmaster 3010, due to the synergism of the components that make up the composition, shows good dynamics of sediment compared to the base reagents and provides a high degree of emulsion destruction. According to the results of laboratory studies, the most effective in comparison with the basic reagent, both in the dynamics of dehydration and in the residual water content, is the multifunctional composition DenMaster 3010. Reagent DenMaster 3010 is composite demulsifier based on a mixture of organic and aromatic solvents with the addition of nonionic surfactants. Laboratory tests showed that DenMaster 3010 reagent provides a high degree of emulsion destruction at the stages of in-tube demulsification and preliminary discharge. According to the data obtained, when replacing the base reagent with the DenMaster 3010 reagent, at the stages of oil collection, stabilization and a decrease in the average values of water and salt content are observed, i.e. installation work is normalized.
{"title":"Research of emulsion properties of oil with selection of effective chemical reagents for destruction of arising emulsions","authors":"T. Kuryakova, S. G. Bezryadin, Elena Yu. Klyukvina, L. Mezhueva","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-110","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of aggressive aqueous solutions of mineral salts leads to rapid wear of both oil pumping and refining equipment. Gas separation and preliminary water discharge are difficult. This is one of the reasons that it is necessary to dehydrate the oil emulsion from the moment it was formed, preventing its aging. The second most important reason for oil dehydration in the areas of its production is the high cost of transporting ballast-produced water. To determine the most suitable demulsifier used at the Tsarichansk field, a series of laboratory studies was conducted. According to the results of laboratory tests, it was found that the developed new multifunctional composite demulsifier Denmaster 3010, due to the synergism of the components that make up the composition, shows good dynamics of sediment compared to the base reagents and provides a high degree of emulsion destruction. According to the results of laboratory studies, the most effective in comparison with the basic reagent, both in the dynamics of dehydration and in the residual water content, is the multifunctional composition DenMaster 3010. Reagent DenMaster 3010 is composite demulsifier based on a mixture of organic and aromatic solvents with the addition of nonionic surfactants. Laboratory tests showed that DenMaster 3010 reagent provides a high degree of emulsion destruction at the stages of in-tube demulsification and preliminary discharge. According to the data obtained, when replacing the base reagent with the DenMaster 3010 reagent, at the stages of oil collection, stabilization and a decrease in the average values of water and salt content are observed, i.e. installation work is normalized.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83108366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-1-52
T. S. Sitmuratov, L. A. Petukhova, A. Petukhov
The industrial styrene production by the method of vapor-phase methylphenylcarbinol (MPhC) dehydration was introduced for the first time in our country within the joint propylene oxide and styrene production consisting OAO «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» facility. This process makes it economically feasible to obtain a combined product – propylene oxide and styrene. However, continuous process exploitation at the OAO «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» facility allowed revealing a number of significant faults caused by economic and environmental factors toughening. First of all it is high energy consumption due to high process temperature and high water steam consumption for steam dilution, which affects the increase in the cost of production. In almost all technological scheme areas of this production, high boiling by-products, so-called high boiling components, are formed. One of these problem solution versions is the transfer of production to a new technology of styrene production by MPhC dehydration, which is carried out in the liquid phase at lower temperatures (up to 190 °C) using new homogeneous highly selective catalysts that exclude the by-products formation, including high-boiling components. The principal advantage of this technology is to reduce the cost of marketable styrene by reducing energy costs (heat, recycled water, water vapor, fuel gas, electricity), reducing the metal consumption of the technological scheme and increasing styrene production by reducing the amount of waste. The comparative tests results with three samples of homogeneous catalysts activity in the MPhC dehydration into styrene process are presented in the work. The tests were carried out under conditions of periodically and continuously operating laboratory installations made of glass, equipped with dosing, condensation, separation and collection systems for reaction products. Quantitative composition of reaction products is identified by chromatography methods. As a result of the conducted tests, in the presence of the used catalysts, the process control modes were selected, and the installations efficiency was checked.
{"title":"Liquid phase dehydration of methyl phenylcarbinol to styrene","authors":"T. S. Sitmuratov, L. A. Petukhova, A. Petukhov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-1-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-1-52","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial styrene production by the method of vapor-phase methylphenylcarbinol (MPhC) dehydration was introduced for the first time in our country within the joint propylene oxide and styrene production consisting OAO «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» facility. This process makes it economically feasible to obtain a combined product – propylene oxide and styrene. However, continuous process exploitation at the OAO «Nizhnekamskneftekhim» facility allowed revealing a number of significant faults caused by economic and environmental factors toughening. First of all it is high energy consumption due to high process temperature and high water steam consumption for steam dilution, which affects the increase in the cost of production. In almost all technological scheme areas of this production, high boiling by-products, so-called high boiling components, are formed. One of these problem solution versions is the transfer of production to a new technology of styrene production by MPhC dehydration, which is carried out in the liquid phase at lower temperatures (up to 190 °C) using new homogeneous highly selective catalysts that exclude the by-products formation, including high-boiling components. The principal advantage of this technology is to reduce the cost of marketable styrene by reducing energy costs (heat, recycled water, water vapor, fuel gas, electricity), reducing the metal consumption of the technological scheme and increasing styrene production by reducing the amount of waste. The comparative tests results with three samples of homogeneous catalysts activity in the MPhC dehydration into styrene process are presented in the work. The tests were carried out under conditions of periodically and continuously operating laboratory installations made of glass, equipped with dosing, condensation, separation and collection systems for reaction products. Quantitative composition of reaction products is identified by chromatography methods. As a result of the conducted tests, in the presence of the used catalysts, the process control modes were selected, and the installations efficiency was checked.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88477627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-25
E. Maximova, A. E. Bezdetnova, Yu. G. Shashmurin, L. Maskaeva, V. F. Markov, Victor F. Dyakov
The analysis of exhaled air on specific biomarkers content is one of the most promising and at the same time simplest methods of early disease detection. In the present paper the analysis of this issue has been performed on an example of diagnosis of some the most dangerous diseases, based on available literature. The relevance of research on application of new diagnostic methods, namely rapid diagnostic tests using chemical sensors, is shown in this work. The main disadvantages of modern medical diagnostics in comparison with advantages of solid-state chemical detectors application have been shown. General details about traditional methods of exhaled air analysis have been provided. The characteristic of chemical sensors and principle of their work was outlined. The main part of the literature review contains the results of the diseases diagnosis by analyzing expired air of people who suffer with diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and cancer. Сhemical sensors or devices based on them, such as an electronic nose, served as control instruments. The review presents identifiable and potential biomarkers for these diseases. So as a rule, acetone vapour is selected as a biomarker of diabetes. At the same time, the choice of biomarkers for most of oncological diseases still remains a serious problem. Despite this, high results of analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of the used sensor devices to the diseases under consideration were noted in many cases compared with people in the control groups. Also the materials used for the manufacture of sensor elements and their design characteristics have been considered in the review. Doped metal oxides, quartz resonators covered with special coatings, nanomaterials based on gold particles and carbon nanotubes are most often used for the producing of sensor elements. The obtained research data indicate that the research area under consideration is promising, and widespread introduction of non-invasive express diagnostics in medical practice can be expected in the near future.
{"title":"Using of chemical sensors for rapid diagnostic tests of exhaled air","authors":"E. Maximova, A. E. Bezdetnova, Yu. G. Shashmurin, L. Maskaeva, V. F. Markov, Victor F. Dyakov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-25","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of exhaled air on specific biomarkers content is one of the most promising and at the same time simplest methods of early disease detection. In the present paper the analysis of this issue has been performed on an example of diagnosis of some the most dangerous diseases, based on available literature. The relevance of research on application of new diagnostic methods, namely rapid diagnostic tests using chemical sensors, is shown in this work. The main disadvantages of modern medical diagnostics in comparison with advantages of solid-state chemical detectors application have been shown. General details about traditional methods of exhaled air analysis have been provided. The characteristic of chemical sensors and principle of their work was outlined. The main part of the literature review contains the results of the diseases diagnosis by analyzing expired air of people who suffer with diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and cancer. Сhemical sensors or devices based on them, such as an electronic nose, served as control instruments. The review presents identifiable and potential biomarkers for these diseases. So as a rule, acetone vapour is selected as a biomarker of diabetes. At the same time, the choice of biomarkers for most of oncological diseases still remains a serious problem. Despite this, high results of analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of the used sensor devices to the diseases under consideration were noted in many cases compared with people in the control groups. Also the materials used for the manufacture of sensor elements and their design characteristics have been considered in the review. Doped metal oxides, quartz resonators covered with special coatings, nanomaterials based on gold particles and carbon nanotubes are most often used for the producing of sensor elements. The obtained research data indicate that the research area under consideration is promising, and widespread introduction of non-invasive express diagnostics in medical practice can be expected in the near future.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84310316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}