Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-120
Viktor F. Kursky, Alexey G. Shchelochkov, Artem A. Bechenkov
In connection with the development of modern industry, various means appear to make the life of citizens easier, but this is also used by criminals, modifying, and sometimes leaving some objects in their original state. This is exactly what happened with a new type of ignition means – liquids for lighting firewood and charcoal. Criminals began to use such liquids as a means of crime when setting fire to buildings, structures, cars. The article discusses the physicochemical study of liquids for ignition, sold in the retail trade network as a product for lighting firewood and coal. The wide selection and availability of these objects allows them to be used in the commission of crimes related to arson. The paper considers the range of liquids for ignition with the establishment of their chemical composition, compliance with the composition declared by the manufacturer. A study of eleven samples, often found in the sale of means for ignition, was carried out by gas chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristall-5000.2 with a flame ionization detector, in addition, the obtained compositions were compared with the manufacturer's declared on the label. It was found that for a number of samples the compositions differ from those declared, for example, the manufacturer declared a mixture of hydrocarbons for the ignition fluid "Lighter", but in fact only methanol, the fluid for ignition "FLAME" declared a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, and in fact, ethanol, ethyl acetate and diethyl acetate. Thus, the manufacturer, trying to save on ingredients and production methods, uses cheaper and simpler chemical compositions.
{"title":"Ignition fluids as objects of chemical research in the investigation of arson crimes","authors":"Viktor F. Kursky, Alexey G. Shchelochkov, Artem A. Bechenkov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-120","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with the development of modern industry, various means appear to make the life of citizens easier, but this is also used by criminals, modifying, and sometimes leaving some objects in their original state. This is exactly what happened with a new type of ignition means – liquids for lighting firewood and charcoal. Criminals began to use such liquids as a means of crime when setting fire to buildings, structures, cars. The article discusses the physicochemical study of liquids for ignition, sold in the retail trade network as a product for lighting firewood and coal. The wide selection and availability of these objects allows them to be used in the commission of crimes related to arson. The paper considers the range of liquids for ignition with the establishment of their chemical composition, compliance with the composition declared by the manufacturer. A study of eleven samples, often found in the sale of means for ignition, was carried out by gas chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristall-5000.2 with a flame ionization detector, in addition, the obtained compositions were compared with the manufacturer's declared on the label. It was found that for a number of samples the compositions differ from those declared, for example, the manufacturer declared a mixture of hydrocarbons for the ignition fluid \"Lighter\", but in fact only methanol, the fluid for ignition \"FLAME\" declared a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, and in fact, ethanol, ethyl acetate and diethyl acetate. Thus, the manufacturer, trying to save on ingredients and production methods, uses cheaper and simpler chemical compositions.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78298651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-23
A. A. Samatova, Biological Safety, Elvira F. Faskhutdinova, Lidia S. Koroleva, Alsu R. Мakaeva
Milk is one of the main food products for the population, as it contains the necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, milk and dairy products can be sources of pathogens of many infectious diseases. In addition, they may contain harmful substances of chemical origin (heavy metal salts, pesticides, etc.). Also, the number of somatic cells is one of the main indicators of milk safety and determines its suitability for processing. In this regard, the implementation of the examination of dairy products becomes particularly relevant. The article presents the results of studies of raw milk of agricultural enterprises and farms of private entrepreneurs of various regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on the indicators of chemical and microbiological safety, performed in the first half of 2020. Raw milk was examined for such organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators as fat content, protein, mass fraction of skimmed milk powder, acidity, purity group, density and microbiological indicators in accordance with regulatory documentation. According to the results of research, it was found that all milk samples had good consumer properties. Heavy metal salts, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, radionuclides, and genetically modified organisms were not found in the studied samples of raw milk. According to microbiological indicators, the samples studied met the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union. Nevertheless, in 20 samples of raw milk, the number of somatic cells exceeds the standard indicators. It follows that the results of the study indicate the need for monitoring the safety of raw milk.
{"title":"Monitoring of raw milk safety by chemical and microbiological indicators in the Republic of Tatarstan for the first half of the year 2020","authors":"A. A. Samatova, Biological Safety, Elvira F. Faskhutdinova, Lidia S. Koroleva, Alsu R. Мakaeva","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-23","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is one of the main food products for the population, as it contains the necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, milk and dairy products can be sources of pathogens of many infectious diseases. In addition, they may contain harmful substances of chemical origin (heavy metal salts, pesticides, etc.). Also, the number of somatic cells is one of the main indicators of milk safety and determines its suitability for processing. In this regard, the implementation of the examination of dairy products becomes particularly relevant. The article presents the results of studies of raw milk of agricultural enterprises and farms of private entrepreneurs of various regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on the indicators of chemical and microbiological safety, performed in the first half of 2020. Raw milk was examined for such organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators as fat content, protein, mass fraction of skimmed milk powder, acidity, purity group, density and microbiological indicators in accordance with regulatory documentation. According to the results of research, it was found that all milk samples had good consumer properties. Heavy metal salts, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, radionuclides, and genetically modified organisms were not found in the studied samples of raw milk. According to microbiological indicators, the samples studied met the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union. Nevertheless, in 20 samples of raw milk, the number of somatic cells exceeds the standard indicators. It follows that the results of the study indicate the need for monitoring the safety of raw milk.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88971922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-18
Yulia G. Ataeva, Biological Safety, Alsu R. Makaeva
Milk is one of the most widely consumed food products in the world and is often used in the manufacture of various food products. To reduce the cost of transportation and storage, as well as extend the shelf life of milk, it is dried. It retains most of the nutritional and organoleptic properties of liquid milk. Currently, at least 20-30% of the produced whole milk and fermented milk products are falsified. Flour, starch, chalk, lime, and even gypsum are mixed into milk powder. Classical methods of analysis of milk powder (gravimetric, titrimetric, acidic, etc.) do not allow assessing the qualitative composition of milk powder, while chromatographic and other methods require time and sample preparation. Therefore, to assess the quality of milk, methods of spectrometry in the near infrared region (NIR spectrometry) are becoming very popular. The objects of research were whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder, which were received for research at the Test Center of the FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Safety» from various manufacturers of the Russian Federation. We studied 22 samples of dried whole and skim milk using an IR spectrometer. According to the results of studies, it was found that, on average, samples of skimmed milk powder for all studied indicators corresponded to standards. In 54.5% of the samples of dried whole milk, a reduced fat content was revealed and in 81.8%, an increased content of lactose.
{"title":"Quality control of milk powder with near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Yulia G. Ataeva, Biological Safety, Alsu R. Makaeva","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-18","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is one of the most widely consumed food products in the world and is often used in the manufacture of various food products. To reduce the cost of transportation and storage, as well as extend the shelf life of milk, it is dried. It retains most of the nutritional and organoleptic properties of liquid milk. Currently, at least 20-30% of the produced whole milk and fermented milk products are falsified. Flour, starch, chalk, lime, and even gypsum are mixed into milk powder. Classical methods of analysis of milk powder (gravimetric, titrimetric, acidic, etc.) do not allow assessing the qualitative composition of milk powder, while chromatographic and other methods require time and sample preparation. Therefore, to assess the quality of milk, methods of spectrometry in the near infrared region (NIR spectrometry) are becoming very popular. The objects of research were whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder, which were received for research at the Test Center of the FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Safety» from various manufacturers of the Russian Federation. We studied 22 samples of dried whole and skim milk using an IR spectrometer. According to the results of studies, it was found that, on average, samples of skimmed milk powder for all studied indicators corresponded to standards. In 54.5% of the samples of dried whole milk, a reduced fat content was revealed and in 81.8%, an increased content of lactose.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80735714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-45
E. Zueva, S. Belopukhov, Ravil F. Baybekov
The paper presents data on the study of the chemical composition of dill (Anethum graveolens L) using foliar treatment of vegetative plants with the growth-regulating agent Nicosulfuron [2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbomoyl-sulfamoyl) -N,N-dimethylnicotinamide]. Field experiments were carried out at the agrobiological station of the Humanitarian and Technological University of the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region in 2016-2018. The soil of the experimental plots is sod-podzolic medium loamy. Plants were treated with a solution of Nicosulfuron with a concentration of 0.1 g/l according to the active substance. It was found that foliar treatment of vegetative plants with a solution of 2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbomoyl-sulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylnico-tinamide led to a change in the concentrations of macrocomponents in the seeds of dill varieties Gribovsky and Lesnogorodsky. Differential thermal analysis of DTA) of dill seeds was carried out using a thermoanalytical complex based on a derivatograph. The sample heating rate in a platinum crucible was 5, 10, and 20 degrees per minute. The DTA method showed a significant difference in the component composition of the organic matter of seeds of both varieties. 6 organic components can be grouped into two groups – with thermal decomposition temperatures of 200-400 °C and 400-600 °C. The treatment with Nicosulfuron leads to a shift in the accumulation of synthesized spare components of seeds towards easily degradable (up to 400 °C) components. This treatment effect is manifested in the fact that in the total mass of organic components of dill seeds (at the level of 87%), the fraction of readily decomposable organic matter is 64-70% for both varieties. In the control variant, without treatment with the drug, the biosynthesis of hardly degradable components, probably having a high molecular weight, and for high-molecular compounds having a high degree of polymerization, occurs. At the same time, the total activation energy for organic compounds in the control is 30-40% higher compared to the samples that were treated with Nicosulfuron.
本文介绍了生长调节剂nico磺隆[2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-酰基氨基磺基)- n, n-二甲基烟酰胺]对营养植物叶面处理莳萝(Anethum graveolens L)化学成分的研究数据。2016-2018年，在莫斯科州奥列霍沃-祖埃沃市人道主义和技术大学的农业生物站进行了实地实验。试验田土壤为灰化土中壤土。用浓度为0.1 g/l的尼可隆溶液处理植株。研究发现，营养植物叶面处理2-(4,6-二甲氧基吡啶-2-酰基氨基磺酰基)- n, n-二甲基nico-tinamide溶液可改变莳蕾品种Gribovsky和Lesnogorodsky种子中主要成分的浓度。采用基于衍生物的热分析配合物对莳萝种子的DTA进行了差热分析。样品在铂坩埚中的加热速率为每分钟5度、10度和20度。DTA分析结果表明，两品种种子有机质组分组成差异显著。6种有机组分可分为热分解温度200-400℃和400-600℃两组。用尼科磺隆处理导致种子合成备用成分的积累转向易于降解(高达400°C)的成分。这种处理效果表现在两个品种莳萝种子有机成分总质量(87%)中，易分解有机质的比例为64-70%。在对照变异体中，不经药物处理，发生难以降解成分的生物合成，可能具有高分子量，以及具有高度聚合的高分子化合物。同时，对照样品中有机化合物的总活化能比经尼磺隆处理的样品高30-40%。
{"title":"Investigation of the quality of seeds of Anethum graveolens varieties Gribovsky and Lesnogorodsky by method of thermal analysis","authors":"E. Zueva, S. Belopukhov, Ravil F. Baybekov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-45","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents data on the study of the chemical composition of dill (Anethum graveolens L) using foliar treatment of vegetative plants with the growth-regulating agent Nicosulfuron [2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbomoyl-sulfamoyl) -N,N-dimethylnicotinamide]. Field experiments were carried out at the agrobiological station of the Humanitarian and Technological University of the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region in 2016-2018. The soil of the experimental plots is sod-podzolic medium loamy. Plants were treated with a solution of Nicosulfuron with a concentration of 0.1 g/l according to the active substance. It was found that foliar treatment of vegetative plants with a solution of 2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbomoyl-sulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylnico-tinamide led to a change in the concentrations of macrocomponents in the seeds of dill varieties Gribovsky and Lesnogorodsky. Differential thermal analysis of DTA) of dill seeds was carried out using a thermoanalytical complex based on a derivatograph. The sample heating rate in a platinum crucible was 5, 10, and 20 degrees per minute. The DTA method showed a significant difference in the component composition of the organic matter of seeds of both varieties. 6 organic components can be grouped into two groups – with thermal decomposition temperatures of 200-400 °C and 400-600 °C. The treatment with Nicosulfuron leads to a shift in the accumulation of synthesized spare components of seeds towards easily degradable (up to 400 °C) components. This treatment effect is manifested in the fact that in the total mass of organic components of dill seeds (at the level of 87%), the fraction of readily decomposable organic matter is 64-70% for both varieties. In the control variant, without treatment with the drug, the biosynthesis of hardly degradable components, probably having a high molecular weight, and for high-molecular compounds having a high degree of polymerization, occurs. At the same time, the total activation energy for organic compounds in the control is 30-40% higher compared to the samples that were treated with Nicosulfuron.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74204851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-52
A. Mukharlyamova, Biological Safety, A. M. Saifutdinov, E. Rakhmetova, A. G. Mukhammetshina, A. Z. Gaynullin, A. Likhacheva, I. Fitsev
Antibiotics belonging to the classes of sulfonamides, amphenicols and tetracyclines, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, are used to control infectious diseases of honeybees. In addition, tetracycline group antibiotics can be added directly to plants during flowering. Contamination of the flower with high concentrations of antibiotics entails the risk of transferring antibiotic residues to honey. Consequently, these antibiotics persist as contaminants in honey, and the determination of these drugs in honey samples is of great importance. Tetracyclines have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The basic structure of tetracyclines consists of a hydro-naphthacene framework containing four rings. Due to their possible toxic or allergic reactions and the possibility that pathogens may become resistant to these drugs, much attention has recently been paid to tetracyclines. For the detection of residual quantities of antibiotics in food products increasingly requires reliable analytical methods. The main method for determining tetracycline group antibiotics is the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, but the micro-quantities of their residual concentration and unsatisfactory chromatographic conditions, under which peaks may overlap, as well as insufficient sample preparation conditions, under which matrix components may overlap, make quantitative calculations difficult when using this method. This article describes a method for calculating the initial value of intesiveness and peak width using mathematical modeling. Based on the analysis of real chromatographic data, the applicability of this method for the quantitative determination of tetracycline group antibiotics is shown.
{"title":"Processing of experimental data for the separation of chromatographic signals of tetracycline group antibiotics by mathematical modeling","authors":"A. Mukharlyamova, Biological Safety, A. M. Saifutdinov, E. Rakhmetova, A. G. Mukhammetshina, A. Z. Gaynullin, A. Likhacheva, I. Fitsev","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-52","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics belonging to the classes of sulfonamides, amphenicols and tetracyclines, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, are used to control infectious diseases of honeybees. In addition, tetracycline group antibiotics can be added directly to plants during flowering. Contamination of the flower with high concentrations of antibiotics entails the risk of transferring antibiotic residues to honey. Consequently, these antibiotics persist as contaminants in honey, and the determination of these drugs in honey samples is of great importance. Tetracyclines have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The basic structure of tetracyclines consists of a hydro-naphthacene framework containing four rings. Due to their possible toxic or allergic reactions and the possibility that pathogens may become resistant to these drugs, much attention has recently been paid to tetracyclines. For the detection of residual quantities of antibiotics in food products increasingly requires reliable analytical methods. The main method for determining tetracycline group antibiotics is the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, but the micro-quantities of their residual concentration and unsatisfactory chromatographic conditions, under which peaks may overlap, as well as insufficient sample preparation conditions, under which matrix components may overlap, make quantitative calculations difficult when using this method. This article describes a method for calculating the initial value of intesiveness and peak width using mathematical modeling. Based on the analysis of real chromatographic data, the applicability of this method for the quantitative determination of tetracycline group antibiotics is shown.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89292090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-34
O. V. Shlyamina, Biological Safety, A. A. Samatova, Yulia G. Ataeva, Zilya D. Murtazina, Alsu R. Makaeva, I. Fitsev, Z. Nasybullina
Waste from agricultural and industrial production is one of the factors of environmental pollution. Together with this, they are a valuable raw material and can be used, for example, for the manufacture of additional animal feed. The article provides information on the rational use of valuable agricultural and industrial waste as additives in the rations of feeding farm animals and poultry. The health of farm animals and poultry, their productivity depends on the quality and balance of feed. An unbalanced diet leads to metabolic disorders. The data on the chemical composition of molasses, cake and meal, which are used in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as an additional feed with a high protein content, are given. Molasses, which is a by-product of sugar beet production, contains easily digestible carbohydrates, and its use in animal husbandry as an additional feed solves the problem of sugar deficiency. The Testing Center (IC) of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI" conducted research on sunflower cake, rapeseed and sunflower meal in terms of feed value (mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of crude protein, mass fraction of crude fiber, mass fraction of crude fat). The results of the study of beet molasses samples are presented in terms of quality indicators: mass fraction of dry substances, mass fraction of sugar (by direct polarization), and mass fraction of reducing sugars. The studies carried out indicate that 95% of cake, meal and beet molasses obtained from agricultural and industrial waste, in terms of feed value, meet the requirements of the current regulatory documentation.
{"title":"Study of the nutritional value, chemical and biological safety of feeds obtained from agricultural and industrial waste","authors":"O. V. Shlyamina, Biological Safety, A. A. Samatova, Yulia G. Ataeva, Zilya D. Murtazina, Alsu R. Makaeva, I. Fitsev, Z. Nasybullina","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-34","url":null,"abstract":"Waste from agricultural and industrial production is one of the factors of environmental pollution. Together with this, they are a valuable raw material and can be used, for example, for the manufacture of additional animal feed. The article provides information on the rational use of valuable agricultural and industrial waste as additives in the rations of feeding farm animals and poultry. The health of farm animals and poultry, their productivity depends on the quality and balance of feed. An unbalanced diet leads to metabolic disorders. The data on the chemical composition of molasses, cake and meal, which are used in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as an additional feed with a high protein content, are given. Molasses, which is a by-product of sugar beet production, contains easily digestible carbohydrates, and its use in animal husbandry as an additional feed solves the problem of sugar deficiency. The Testing Center (IC) of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \"FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI\" conducted research on sunflower cake, rapeseed and sunflower meal in terms of feed value (mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of crude protein, mass fraction of crude fiber, mass fraction of crude fat). The results of the study of beet molasses samples are presented in terms of quality indicators: mass fraction of dry substances, mass fraction of sugar (by direct polarization), and mass fraction of reducing sugars. The studies carried out indicate that 95% of cake, meal and beet molasses obtained from agricultural and industrial waste, in terms of feed value, meet the requirements of the current regulatory documentation.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87899785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-113
A. Mukharlyamova, Biological Safety, A. M. Saifutdinov, E. Rakhmetova, A. G. Mukhammetshina, I. Fitsev
The article presents the results of comparing the effectiveness of modern ionization methods used in chromatomass spectrometric analysis: photoionization at atmospheric pressure (APPI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxins related to the main natural pollutants of agricultural feed, food raw materials and food products. Aflatoxin B1 is a member of the aflatoxin family, which in their chemical structure are derivatives of substituted coumarins or furocoumarins. The peculiarity of aflatoxins is that in the process of technological or culinary processing, they are practically not destroyed, while being the strongest hepatocancerogens that cause irreversible liver damage. T-2 toxin refers to trichothecene mycotoxins, in the structure of which there is a trichothecene ring containing a multiple bond and an epoxy group. Most trichothecene mycotoxins are slightly toxic compounds, but T-2 toxin is deadly, having a negative effect on immunocompetent organs, hematopoietic organs, and the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the risk of internal hemorrhage. Due to the impossibility of preventing contamination of agricultural feed, food raw materials and food products with mycotoxins, their strict control is necessary. Chromatomass spectrometry is one of the methods that provide high sensitivity and reliability for the determination of mycotoxins Methods of ionization sources, such as electrospray and photoionization at atmospheric pressure during mass spectrometric detection of mycotoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS), are evaluated. In order to increase the sensitivity of the determinations, the optimal conditions of the quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector were selected and the maximum intensity responses of the analytes were obtained. During the experiment, it was found that the intensity of the signal with a photoionization source obtained by analyzing the T-2 toxin is higher than the signal obtained by using an electrospray ionization source.
{"title":"Comparison of the efficiency of photoionization at atmospheric pressure and electrospray ionization on the example of some aflatoxins and trichothecenes","authors":"A. Mukharlyamova, Biological Safety, A. M. Saifutdinov, E. Rakhmetova, A. G. Mukhammetshina, I. Fitsev","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-113","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of comparing the effectiveness of modern ionization methods used in chromatomass spectrometric analysis: photoionization at atmospheric pressure (APPI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxins related to the main natural pollutants of agricultural feed, food raw materials and food products. Aflatoxin B1 is a member of the aflatoxin family, which in their chemical structure are derivatives of substituted coumarins or furocoumarins. The peculiarity of aflatoxins is that in the process of technological or culinary processing, they are practically not destroyed, while being the strongest hepatocancerogens that cause irreversible liver damage. T-2 toxin refers to trichothecene mycotoxins, in the structure of which there is a trichothecene ring containing a multiple bond and an epoxy group. Most trichothecene mycotoxins are slightly toxic compounds, but T-2 toxin is deadly, having a negative effect on immunocompetent organs, hematopoietic organs, and the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the risk of internal hemorrhage. Due to the impossibility of preventing contamination of agricultural feed, food raw materials and food products with mycotoxins, their strict control is necessary. Chromatomass spectrometry is one of the methods that provide high sensitivity and reliability for the determination of mycotoxins Methods of ionization sources, such as electrospray and photoionization at atmospheric pressure during mass spectrometric detection of mycotoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS), are evaluated. In order to increase the sensitivity of the determinations, the optimal conditions of the quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector were selected and the maximum intensity responses of the analytes were obtained. During the experiment, it was found that the intensity of the signal with a photoionization source obtained by analyzing the T-2 toxin is higher than the signal obtained by using an electrospray ionization source.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-1
K. A. Osyanin, D. A. Mirgazov, I. A. Elizarova, E. Dodonova, N. A. Fakhrutdinov
The pace of scientific and technological progress is steadily growing every day, in this regard much attention is paid to the problems of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agricultural products, since there are risks of negative impact on human health and the environment. Thus, there is a need for constant monitoring of all agricultural products for the content of GMO regulatory sequences. This work is devoted to studying the frequency of occurrence of GMO fragments in the products of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan. The material describes the monitoring of agricultural products for the presence of genetic modification: the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and the NOS terminator – Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Diagnostics was based on real-time polymerase chain reaction using commercial PCR kits. Laboratory work consisted in sample preparation of agricultural products, DNA extraction from received samples, and amplification of genetic material. 1142 samples of agricultural products were analyzed. Based on the studies carried out, the content of the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator was revealed in 18 samples. In most cases, the content of genetic insertions was found in combined and extruded feeds for pigs, poultry, and cattle. This once again increases the relevance of the ongoing research, despite the numerous experiments and scientific discoveries carried out to study GMOs. The results of this study are the reason for further more detailed study of the creation, influence and application of GMOs both in the agricultural sectors and in ecology and molecular biology.
{"title":"Identification of regulatory sequences of the 35S promoter and NOS terminator in agricultural products","authors":"K. A. Osyanin, D. A. Mirgazov, I. A. Elizarova, E. Dodonova, N. A. Fakhrutdinov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-64-12-1","url":null,"abstract":"The pace of scientific and technological progress is steadily growing every day, in this regard much attention is paid to the problems of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agricultural products, since there are risks of negative impact on human health and the environment. Thus, there is a need for constant monitoring of all agricultural products for the content of GMO regulatory sequences. This work is devoted to studying the frequency of occurrence of GMO fragments in the products of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan. The material describes the monitoring of agricultural products for the presence of genetic modification: the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and the NOS terminator – Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Diagnostics was based on real-time polymerase chain reaction using commercial PCR kits. Laboratory work consisted in sample preparation of agricultural products, DNA extraction from received samples, and amplification of genetic material. 1142 samples of agricultural products were analyzed. Based on the studies carried out, the content of the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator was revealed in 18 samples. In most cases, the content of genetic insertions was found in combined and extruded feeds for pigs, poultry, and cattle. This once again increases the relevance of the ongoing research, despite the numerous experiments and scientific discoveries carried out to study GMOs. The results of this study are the reason for further more detailed study of the creation, influence and application of GMOs both in the agricultural sectors and in ecology and molecular biology.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-85
N. I. Ismailov, S. Osmanova, M. Agamaliyeva, Aisha M. Nasibova
The associates of bromo-indate with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine have been studied by spectrophoto-metric method. It has been found that the associates are well extracted with a mixture of chloroform acetone (4:1). The optimum volume of aqueous and organic phase is equal to 5 ml. The molar ratio of the components in the extractable compounds was studied by the methods of isomolar series, equilibrium shift and a straight line. It was found that bromo-indate associated with azo-ethoxyacridines (AE) in a ratio of 1:1. Study of the effect of foreign ions on the accuracy of the determination of indium with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine showed that the number of ions does not interfere (in parentheses are multiple relationships to indium ions); CdII (1200), NH4+ (4000), Zn2+ (1500), CoII (1100), NiII (1050), CuII (500), FeII (4000), PbII (250), Nb (250), TaV (270), Al3+ (2000), ReVII (140), B3+ (410), C2O42- (1900), CH3COO- (1300), ascorbic acid (270), citrate ion (3500), tartrates (4000), EDTA (3700). Number of ions interfered the determination: TlIII (1), FeIII (1), Ga3+ (1), HgII (1), SbV (1), AuIII (1), thiourea (4). It was studied formation and extraction of associates of bromo-indate with AEADPA (2-ethoxy-6-(4-N,N-dipropylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine) and AEADEA (2-ethoxy-6-(N,N-ethylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine). The maxima of light absorption of bromo-indate with AEADPA is observed at 530 nm, and the AEADEA at 515 nm. The physico-chemical and analytical characteristics of the azo-substituted ethoxyacridines and their ionic associates with indium bromide acid complexes (λmax ε, βkD, D, R%) were determined. It was shown that bromo-indate compounds with azo-substituted ethoxyacridines are ionic associates, the molar ratios of the components in which are: [İn III] : [Br -] : R + = 1:4:1. Highly efficient extraction-photometric methods have been developed for the determination of trace amounts of indium in various objects.
{"title":"Azo-substituted ethoxyacridine – reagents for the extraction-photometric determination of indium(III)","authors":"N. I. Ismailov, S. Osmanova, M. Agamaliyeva, Aisha M. Nasibova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-85","url":null,"abstract":"The associates of bromo-indate with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine have been studied by spectrophoto-metric method. It has been found that the associates are well extracted with a mixture of chloroform acetone (4:1). The optimum volume of aqueous and organic phase is equal to 5 ml. The molar ratio of the components in the extractable compounds was studied by the methods of isomolar series, equilibrium shift and a straight line. It was found that bromo-indate associated with azo-ethoxyacridines (AE) in a ratio of 1:1. Study of the effect of foreign ions on the accuracy of the determination of indium with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine showed that the number of ions does not interfere (in parentheses are multiple relationships to indium ions); CdII (1200), NH4+ (4000), Zn2+ (1500), CoII (1100), NiII (1050), CuII (500), FeII (4000), PbII (250), Nb (250), TaV (270), Al3+ (2000), ReVII (140), B3+ (410), C2O42- (1900), CH3COO- (1300), ascorbic acid (270), citrate ion (3500), tartrates (4000), EDTA (3700). Number of ions interfered the determination: TlIII (1), FeIII (1), Ga3+ (1), HgII (1), SbV (1), AuIII (1), thiourea (4). It was studied formation and extraction of associates of bromo-indate with AEADPA (2-ethoxy-6-(4-N,N-dipropylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine) and AEADEA (2-ethoxy-6-(N,N-ethylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine). The maxima of light absorption of bromo-indate with AEADPA is observed at 530 nm, and the AEADEA at 515 nm. The physico-chemical and analytical characteristics of the azo-substituted ethoxyacridines and their ionic associates with indium bromide acid complexes (λmax ε, βkD, D, R%) were determined. It was shown that bromo-indate compounds with azo-substituted ethoxyacridines are ionic associates, the molar ratios of the components in which are: [İn III] : [Br -] : R + = 1:4:1. Highly efficient extraction-photometric methods have been developed for the determination of trace amounts of indium in various objects.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77448957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-55
V. F. Markov, Karina V. Grashchenkova, L. Maskaeva, Yu. G. Shashmurin, A. D. Kutyavina
In this work, we have attempted to detect the photoadsorption effect using various photoactivation sources of semiconductor layers of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions that are sensitive to the presence of nitrogen dioxide in air. For this purpose, CdxPb1–xS films (up to 600 nm thick) were synthesized from the citrate – ammonia reaction system by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) on glass and sitall substrates. Using XRD analysis, we determined the structure and composition of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. It was found that all films crystallize in the cubic structure B1 of lead sulfide. Taking into account the content of the substituting component in the samples and comparing it with the equilibrium phase diagrams of the PbS-CdS system, we concluded that the obtained solid solutions are strongly supersaturated in nature. The cadmium content in the PbS lattice increases in films deposited on sitall and glass from 3.9 to 5.9 and from 4.3 to 5.4 at.% with an increase in the deposition time from 60 to 120 minutes, respectively. It must be noted that their crystallinity degree increases with increasing deposition time. The size of the particles forming the layers was determined by SEM microscopy. The predominant crystallite diameter is 250-300 nm. The sensory properties of films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions with respect to the presence of nitrogen dioxide with a concentration of 100 mg/m3 in air were studied using preliminary photoactivation by various sources with a radiation wavelength from 420 to 1000 nm. For the first time, a positive photoadsorption effect was revealed for CBD produced films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. The preliminary photoactivation of the films with a blue lamp (760–1000 nm) for 9-13 minutes allows the film to increase the response to NO2 more than doubled. A high relaxation rate of CdxPb1–xS -based sensor elements after contact with nitrogen dioxide was shown to be 4–10 minutes, which allows to reuse it.
{"title":"Photoabsorption effect in the thin films of the CdPbS solid solutions","authors":"V. F. Markov, Karina V. Grashchenkova, L. Maskaeva, Yu. G. Shashmurin, A. D. Kutyavina","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-55","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have attempted to detect the photoadsorption effect using various photoactivation sources of semiconductor layers of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions that are sensitive to the presence of nitrogen dioxide in air. For this purpose, CdxPb1–xS films (up to 600 nm thick) were synthesized from the citrate – ammonia reaction system by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) on glass and sitall substrates. Using XRD analysis, we determined the structure and composition of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. It was found that all films crystallize in the cubic structure B1 of lead sulfide. Taking into account the content of the substituting component in the samples and comparing it with the equilibrium phase diagrams of the PbS-CdS system, we concluded that the obtained solid solutions are strongly supersaturated in nature. The cadmium content in the PbS lattice increases in films deposited on sitall and glass from 3.9 to 5.9 and from 4.3 to 5.4 at.% with an increase in the deposition time from 60 to 120 minutes, respectively. It must be noted that their crystallinity degree increases with increasing deposition time. The size of the particles forming the layers was determined by SEM microscopy. The predominant crystallite diameter is 250-300 nm. The sensory properties of films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions with respect to the presence of nitrogen dioxide with a concentration of 100 mg/m3 in air were studied using preliminary photoactivation by various sources with a radiation wavelength from 420 to 1000 nm. For the first time, a positive photoadsorption effect was revealed for CBD produced films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. The preliminary photoactivation of the films with a blue lamp (760–1000 nm) for 9-13 minutes allows the film to increase the response to NO2 more than doubled. A high relaxation rate of CdxPb1–xS -based sensor elements after contact with nitrogen dioxide was shown to be 4–10 minutes, which allows to reuse it.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79721007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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