Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-87
I. S. Dolgin, P. P. Purygin, Y. Zarubin
Three new copolymers based on fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene were obtained. According to the results of the previous stages of the study, copolymers based on styrene derivatives have improved dielectric properties compared to polystyrene and a copolymer of styrene and α-methyl styrene. The dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tanδ were measured for the initial and synthesized samples of styrene – α-methyl styrene copolymer at Samara Electromechanical Plant OJ-SC (Samara city, Russia). All measurements of dielectric characteristics were carried out at an alternating current frequency of 10 GHz on a pressed copolymer tablet with a diameter of 10 and a thickness of 3 mm. During the experiment, a measuring stand was used, consisting of a high-frequency signal generator G4-83, an electronically counting frequency meter Ch3-54 with a frequency converter YaZCh-43, a measuring amplifier U2-4; low-frequency signal generator G3-109; measuring unit FKDG 418151.002. The results obtained indicate high values of the dielectric constant. For samples of copolymers of α-methylstyrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene and styrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, values of 4.63 and 4.21, respectively, were obtained. These dielectric permittivity values are superior not only to samples previously obtained during the experiment, but also to some other compounds that are widely used in industry. In particular, the dielectric constant of lavsan, which is used in the manufacture of capacitors, is 3.1-3.3. The improved dielectric constant values are probably related to the high-quality composition of the copolymer. Samples of the copolymer containing 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene are significantly superior to the copolymer with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene for this characteristic. The values of the dielectric loss tangent are in the range from 8.74∙10−4 to 37.4∙10−4. Given the dielectric characteristics of the synthesized copolymers, we can conclude that there are good prospects for the use of fluorine-containing styrene copolymers. The obtained values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent indicate a good possible competitiveness of new materials based on new copolymers. In the future, it is planned to study a number of other physicochemical properties of these materials in order to obtain the most complete spectrum of their characteristics.
{"title":"Investigation of the dielectric properties of copolymers based on 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, styrene, 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene and α-methylstyrene","authors":"I. S. Dolgin, P. P. Purygin, Y. Zarubin","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-87","url":null,"abstract":"Three new copolymers based on fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene were obtained. According to the results of the previous stages of the study, copolymers based on styrene derivatives have improved dielectric properties compared to polystyrene and a copolymer of styrene and α-methyl styrene. The dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tanδ were measured for the initial and synthesized samples of styrene – α-methyl styrene copolymer at Samara Electromechanical Plant OJ-SC (Samara city, Russia). All measurements of dielectric characteristics were carried out at an alternating current frequency of 10 GHz on a pressed copolymer tablet with a diameter of 10 and a thickness of 3 mm. During the experiment, a measuring stand was used, consisting of a high-frequency signal generator G4-83, an electronically counting frequency meter Ch3-54 with a frequency converter YaZCh-43, a measuring amplifier U2-4; low-frequency signal generator G3-109; measuring unit FKDG 418151.002. The results obtained indicate high values of the dielectric constant. For samples of copolymers of α-methylstyrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene and styrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, values of 4.63 and 4.21, respectively, were obtained. These dielectric permittivity values are superior not only to samples previously obtained during the experiment, but also to some other compounds that are widely used in industry. In particular, the dielectric constant of lavsan, which is used in the manufacture of capacitors, is 3.1-3.3. The improved dielectric constant values are probably related to the high-quality composition of the copolymer. Samples of the copolymer containing 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene are significantly superior to the copolymer with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene for this characteristic. The values of the dielectric loss tangent are in the range from 8.74∙10−4 to 37.4∙10−4. Given the dielectric characteristics of the synthesized copolymers, we can conclude that there are good prospects for the use of fluorine-containing styrene copolymers. The obtained values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent indicate a good possible competitiveness of new materials based on new copolymers. In the future, it is planned to study a number of other physicochemical properties of these materials in order to obtain the most complete spectrum of their characteristics.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74334897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-1
A. Mindubaev, E. Badeeva, S. Minzanova, L. Mironova, I. S. Nizamov, N. Khasiyatullina, Ludmila M. Pirut, E. Barskaya, E. Babynin, Y. Akosah
The biological degradation of white phosphorus, which is being studied by our team is without a doubt a phenomenon of scientific novelty and practical significance. In a decade of studying this phenomenon, we have achieved significant results. However, the field of application of white and yellow phosphorus is rather a narrow one, and this imposes a limitation on the applicability of our method for the neutralization of industrial wastes. Accordingly, an interesting and important path of focus is to expand the spectrum of substances neutralized by the microbial cultures studied by our team. It is thus logical to commence such a major study with phosphorus compounds, since fungal cultures were adapted for the biodegradation of substances containing this element. In this regard, it should be pointed out that, white phosphorus cannot be metabolized to phosphate in one stage; metabolites are formed with intermediate oxidation states of phosphorus. Therefore, it can be assumed that microorganisms that neutralize white phosphorus should be capable of biodegradation of a whole spectrum of phosphorus compounds. We tested this hypothesis experimentally. It was uncovered that Aspergillus niger AM1 posseses the ability to use red phosphorus, triamide of phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, substituted dithiophosphate and organophosphorus matter as sources of phosphorus. In addition, in the present work, we describe attempts made to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1%. To do this, we added olive oil (a solvent in which white phosphorus is relatively soluble) to the culture medium. It turned out that in the presence of this component, the minimum inhibitory concentration of white phosphorus drops abruptly.
{"title":"Biodegradation of a phosphorus compounds by the culture of black aspergill","authors":"A. Mindubaev, E. Badeeva, S. Minzanova, L. Mironova, I. S. Nizamov, N. Khasiyatullina, Ludmila M. Pirut, E. Barskaya, E. Babynin, Y. Akosah","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-1","url":null,"abstract":"The biological degradation of white phosphorus, which is being studied by our team is without a doubt a phenomenon of scientific novelty and practical significance. In a decade of studying this phenomenon, we have achieved significant results. However, the field of application of white and yellow phosphorus is rather a narrow one, and this imposes a limitation on the applicability of our method for the neutralization of industrial wastes. Accordingly, an interesting and important path of focus is to expand the spectrum of substances neutralized by the microbial cultures studied by our team. It is thus logical to commence such a major study with phosphorus compounds, since fungal cultures were adapted for the biodegradation of substances containing this element. In this regard, it should be pointed out that, white phosphorus cannot be metabolized to phosphate in one stage; metabolites are formed with intermediate oxidation states of phosphorus. Therefore, it can be assumed that microorganisms that neutralize white phosphorus should be capable of biodegradation of a whole spectrum of phosphorus compounds. We tested this hypothesis experimentally. It was uncovered that Aspergillus niger AM1 posseses the ability to use red phosphorus, triamide of phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, substituted dithiophosphate and organophosphorus matter as sources of phosphorus. In addition, in the present work, we describe attempts made to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1%. To do this, we added olive oil (a solvent in which white phosphorus is relatively soluble) to the culture medium. It turned out that in the presence of this component, the minimum inhibitory concentration of white phosphorus drops abruptly.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-116
I. Garkushin, O. Lavrenteva, Y. Andreeva
The paper presents an analytical description of the relationship of the specific electrical conductivity æ of individual alkali metals haloganides melts (MHal) (M – Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; Hal – F, Cl, Br, I) and the specific electrical conductivity æ(M) of alkali metal melts for temperatures (Тпл + n) (Tпл – melting temperature K; n = 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200° higher melting temperatures of MHal and metals) and the specific electrical conductivity of alkali metals at standard temperature using M.Kh. Karapetyans comparative methods. The relationship of properties æ(MHal при Тпл+n) = f(æ(MHal при Тпл+5)), æ(FrHalТпл+n) = f(æ(FrHalТпл+5°)) is described in the "property-property" coordinates. A comparative analysis of the specific electrical conductivity values of francium haloganides melts obtained by the proposed methods was carried out. The possibility of calculating the electrical conductivity of molten salts from the electrical conductivity of molten metals is shown. It is shown that the equation æ(MHal)0.5 = a + bæ(M)1.5 can be used to calculate the specific electrical conductivity of francium haloganides melts. The calculation of the specific electrical conductivity using various equations shows the consistency of the numerical values obtained.
{"title":"Relationship of the s1-elements halogenides melts specific electric conductivity with alkali metals specific electric conductivity","authors":"I. Garkushin, O. Lavrenteva, Y. Andreeva","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-116","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analytical description of the relationship of the specific electrical conductivity æ of individual alkali metals haloganides melts (MHal) (M – Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; Hal – F, Cl, Br, I) and the specific electrical conductivity æ(M) of alkali metal melts for temperatures (Тпл + n) (Tпл – melting temperature K; n = 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200° higher melting temperatures of MHal and metals) and the specific electrical conductivity of alkali metals at standard temperature using M.Kh. Karapetyans comparative methods. The relationship of properties æ(MHal при Тпл+n) = f(æ(MHal при Тпл+5)), æ(FrHalТпл+n) = f(æ(FrHalТпл+5°)) is described in the \"property-property\" coordinates. A comparative analysis of the specific electrical conductivity values of francium haloganides melts obtained by the proposed methods was carried out. The possibility of calculating the electrical conductivity of molten salts from the electrical conductivity of molten metals is shown. It is shown that the equation æ(MHal)0.5 = a + bæ(M)1.5 can be used to calculate the specific electrical conductivity of francium haloganides melts. The calculation of the specific electrical conductivity using various equations shows the consistency of the numerical values obtained.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83387943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-140
Anna V. Zhukova, G. Kantor, S. Skugoreva, T. Ashikhmina
It is known that fungal chitin exhibits high sorption properties with respect to heavy metal ions, while it is practically not absorbed in the human body, which makes it a promising sorbent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sorption abilities of the mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus and Russula atropurpurea with respect to cadmium ions. The use of the potentiometric method for measuring the potential of the ion-selective electrode, which depends on the concentration of cadmium ions in solution, made it possible to register in detail in real time the kinetic curves of sorption of cadmium ions by mushrooms. During the experiment, it was found that the kinetics of sorption of cadmium ions from a solution with initial concentrations (0.2-2.0)·10-5 M by the preparations of fruit bodies of mushrooms A. bisporus and R. atropurpurea is well described by the pseudo-second order equation, according to which the limiting stage of the process is chemical interaction of sorbent and sorbate (1:1 ratio). At relatively low initial concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.2-0.6)·10–5 M), the sorption rate was 1.5-2.5 times higher for R. atropurpurea compared to A. bisporus. At higher concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.8-2.0)·10-5 M) the speed and capacity of sorption were very close for different types of mushrooms. Moreover, the rate of sorption by mushrooms exceeds 5-10 times the rate of sorption of activated carbon and micromycetes of the genus Fusarium. It was revealed that the sorption isotherm of cadmium ions by mushrooms is well described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, according to which R. atropurpurea is characterized by the highest sorption compared to A. bisporus. Thus, R. atropurpurea has the highest sorption activity with respect to cadmium ions.
{"title":"Mushrooms as sorbents of cadmium ions","authors":"Anna V. Zhukova, G. Kantor, S. Skugoreva, T. Ashikhmina","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-140","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that fungal chitin exhibits high sorption properties with respect to heavy metal ions, while it is practically not absorbed in the human body, which makes it a promising sorbent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sorption abilities of the mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus and Russula atropurpurea with respect to cadmium ions. The use of the potentiometric method for measuring the potential of the ion-selective electrode, which depends on the concentration of cadmium ions in solution, made it possible to register in detail in real time the kinetic curves of sorption of cadmium ions by mushrooms. During the experiment, it was found that the kinetics of sorption of cadmium ions from a solution with initial concentrations (0.2-2.0)·10-5 M by the preparations of fruit bodies of mushrooms A. bisporus and R. atropurpurea is well described by the pseudo-second order equation, according to which the limiting stage of the process is chemical interaction of sorbent and sorbate (1:1 ratio). At relatively low initial concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.2-0.6)·10–5 M), the sorption rate was 1.5-2.5 times higher for R. atropurpurea compared to A. bisporus. At higher concentrations of cadmium ions in solution ((0.8-2.0)·10-5 M) the speed and capacity of sorption were very close for different types of mushrooms. Moreover, the rate of sorption by mushrooms exceeds 5-10 times the rate of sorption of activated carbon and micromycetes of the genus Fusarium. It was revealed that the sorption isotherm of cadmium ions by mushrooms is well described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, according to which R. atropurpurea is characterized by the highest sorption compared to A. bisporus. Thus, R. atropurpurea has the highest sorption activity with respect to cadmium ions.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"322 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76360098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-54
Anastasiya A. Ryltseva, T. Kulikova, V. Bykov, R. Ryltsev
Nanocomposite materials based on the Cu-Zr glass-forming system, which are an amorphous matrix with crystalline inclusions of the cubic B2 phase of the CuZr compound, are promising structural materials due to their unique mechanical properties. One of the methods for producing such materials is the heat treatment of amorphous samples. To develop optimal conditions for such processing, it is necessary to study the kinetics of crystallization of amorphous copper-zirconium. In this work, the crystallization processes, structure and thermal properties of the amorphous Cu46Zr50Al4 alloy, obtained by suction casting were studied for the first time in a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 600 °C. We reveal the complex character of the crystallization process of this alloy described by a three-step sequential reaction. Using a comprehensive approach, including calorimetric studies, X-ray phase analysis and kinetic modeling by multivariate nonlinear regression, we develop the kinetic model and estimate kinetic parameters of the crystallization processes in the alloy. We find that the best description of the experimental data is achieved when autocatalytic equations are used to model crystallization processes: a heterogeneous n-th order reaction with autocatalysis, as well as the Prout-Tompkins equation. The found activation energy of crystallization of the alloy is Ea = 387.59 kJ/mol. Based on the results obtained, we propose a procedure for fabricating the nanocomposite materials by heating an amorphous alloy up to temperatures of about 420-460 °C.
{"title":"Kinetic model of the crystallization process of Cu46Zr50Al4 metallic glass","authors":"Anastasiya A. Ryltseva, T. Kulikova, V. Bykov, R. Ryltsev","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-54","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposite materials based on the Cu-Zr glass-forming system, which are an amorphous matrix with crystalline inclusions of the cubic B2 phase of the CuZr compound, are promising structural materials due to their unique mechanical properties. One of the methods for producing such materials is the heat treatment of amorphous samples. To develop optimal conditions for such processing, it is necessary to study the kinetics of crystallization of amorphous copper-zirconium. In this work, the crystallization processes, structure and thermal properties of the amorphous Cu46Zr50Al4 alloy, obtained by suction casting were studied for the first time in a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 600 °C. We reveal the complex character of the crystallization process of this alloy described by a three-step sequential reaction. Using a comprehensive approach, including calorimetric studies, X-ray phase analysis and kinetic modeling by multivariate nonlinear regression, we develop the kinetic model and estimate kinetic parameters of the crystallization processes in the alloy. We find that the best description of the experimental data is achieved when autocatalytic equations are used to model crystallization processes: a heterogeneous n-th order reaction with autocatalysis, as well as the Prout-Tompkins equation. The found activation energy of crystallization of the alloy is Ea = 387.59 kJ/mol. Based on the results obtained, we propose a procedure for fabricating the nanocomposite materials by heating an amorphous alloy up to temperatures of about 420-460 °C.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86886058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-96
L. Y. Yarullin, F. R. Gabitov, Insaf I. Zamaliev, L. Y. Sabirova
The study of currently known methods and devices for processing plant materials has shown that during the study period, the greatest interest (about 31%) of patent holders is manifested in increasing the yield of extractive substances. If we take as an example a tea leaf, then indeed, the formation of conditions for a more complete release of the target components into the aqueous phase during brewing can provide a more profitable and economical consumption of tea raw materials. The study of the thermodynamic principles of the use of supercritical fluid media and carbon dioxide, in particular, in the processing of plant materials and the processing of tea raw materials, as well as the development of methods for intensifying mass transfer to the aqueous phase when “brewing” tea leaves, are uniquely relevant tasks. An important section of thermodynamics is the concept of phase equilibria in systems of different composition. And one of the key characteristics of phase equilibria is such a thing as the solubility of a substance, including in supercritical fluid media. Since solutions of substances in supercritical fluids are diluted, the dependence of the solubility of substances on temperature, pressure, and density of a pure solvent near its critical point is of practical interest. The results of experimental studies of measuring the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide by the dynamic method at a temperature of 308 and 333 K, in the pressure range from 8 to 26 MPa, are presented. The data obtained, firstly, indicate a low solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, which is a positive moment for the implementation of the tea leaf pretreatment process in order to improve its biological potential, and secondly, a clear suppression of isolines is observed, which in turn indicates the presence of crossover behavior on solubility isotherms. Based on the results of the obtained experimental data on the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, a mathematical description of the solubility of tannin was carried out by the Peng-Robinson equation of state.
{"title":"Dynamic solubility measurement of substances in supercritical fluids","authors":"L. Y. Yarullin, F. R. Gabitov, Insaf I. Zamaliev, L. Y. Sabirova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-96","url":null,"abstract":"The study of currently known methods and devices for processing plant materials has shown that during the study period, the greatest interest (about 31%) of patent holders is manifested in increasing the yield of extractive substances. If we take as an example a tea leaf, then indeed, the formation of conditions for a more complete release of the target components into the aqueous phase during brewing can provide a more profitable and economical consumption of tea raw materials. The study of the thermodynamic principles of the use of supercritical fluid media and carbon dioxide, in particular, in the processing of plant materials and the processing of tea raw materials, as well as the development of methods for intensifying mass transfer to the aqueous phase when “brewing” tea leaves, are uniquely relevant tasks. An important section of thermodynamics is the concept of phase equilibria in systems of different composition. And one of the key characteristics of phase equilibria is such a thing as the solubility of a substance, including in supercritical fluid media. Since solutions of substances in supercritical fluids are diluted, the dependence of the solubility of substances on temperature, pressure, and density of a pure solvent near its critical point is of practical interest. The results of experimental studies of measuring the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide by the dynamic method at a temperature of 308 and 333 K, in the pressure range from 8 to 26 MPa, are presented. The data obtained, firstly, indicate a low solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, which is a positive moment for the implementation of the tea leaf pretreatment process in order to improve its biological potential, and secondly, a clear suppression of isolines is observed, which in turn indicates the presence of crossover behavior on solubility isotherms. Based on the results of the obtained experimental data on the solubility of tannin in supercritical carbon dioxide, a mathematical description of the solubility of tannin was carried out by the Peng-Robinson equation of state.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76772814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-133
N. Syrchina, T. Ashikhmina, Nadezhda N. Bogatyreva, G. Kantor
The phosphorites of many domestic deposits can be used as cheap natural phosphorus fertilizers of regional importance. The limitation of their use is due to the low solubility and, consequently, low agrochemical effectiveness. To increase the solubility of phosphorites (activation), it is proposed to use the method of granulation of phosphorite flour (PF) with an organomineral additive containing milled sulfur, glauconite and highly decomposed peat, dispersed by hydrodynamic cavitation. Phosphate activation is ensured by acids formed in the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur in soils (convert insoluble phosphates to more soluble hydrophosphates), glauconite (promotes adsorption and ion exchange binding of cations that form insoluble phosphates, activates soil microbiota) and humic acid peat (oxides into stable complexes, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms). In laboratory conditions, samples of the corresponding organic-mineral fertilizer were obtained. As phosphate raw materials, the PF of the Vyatka-Kama deposit (Russia) and the Khneifis deposit (Syria) were used. The study of the effect of fertilizer on the chemical composition of soils was carried out in a laboratory experiment. As a comparison object, simple superphosphate was used. Fertilizers were applied to the soil in an amount of 0.1 g per 1 kg of air-dried soil. It was revealed that already 7 days after fertilizing, the mobility of phosphorus increases by 31-45%, while the pH of the soil solution does not change. The sulfate content in soils increased by an average of 33%. In all variants of the experiment, the application of activated PF in the soil led to the same result as the application of simple superphosphate. Based on PF and an activating organomineral additive, a granular form of phosphorus fertilizer with sulfur and humic substances can be obtained that is not inferior in effectiveness to simple superphosphate. The production of appropriate fertilizer can be arranged at small enterprises and directly at phosphate mines, which will create new jobs and provide regional crop production with relatively cheap and fairly effective forms of phosphate fertilizers that comply with the principles of green chemistry. The composition and technology of fertilizer production make it possible to position it as a natural organic-mineral fertilizer for organic farming.
{"title":"The optimization of the composition of fertilizers based on milled phosphorites","authors":"N. Syrchina, T. Ashikhmina, Nadezhda N. Bogatyreva, G. Kantor","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-133","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphorites of many domestic deposits can be used as cheap natural phosphorus fertilizers of regional importance. The limitation of their use is due to the low solubility and, consequently, low agrochemical effectiveness. To increase the solubility of phosphorites (activation), it is proposed to use the method of granulation of phosphorite flour (PF) with an organomineral additive containing milled sulfur, glauconite and highly decomposed peat, dispersed by hydrodynamic cavitation. Phosphate activation is ensured by acids formed in the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur in soils (convert insoluble phosphates to more soluble hydrophosphates), glauconite (promotes adsorption and ion exchange binding of cations that form insoluble phosphates, activates soil microbiota) and humic acid peat (oxides into stable complexes, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms). In laboratory conditions, samples of the corresponding organic-mineral fertilizer were obtained. As phosphate raw materials, the PF of the Vyatka-Kama deposit (Russia) and the Khneifis deposit (Syria) were used. The study of the effect of fertilizer on the chemical composition of soils was carried out in a laboratory experiment. As a comparison object, simple superphosphate was used. Fertilizers were applied to the soil in an amount of 0.1 g per 1 kg of air-dried soil. It was revealed that already 7 days after fertilizing, the mobility of phosphorus increases by 31-45%, while the pH of the soil solution does not change. The sulfate content in soils increased by an average of 33%. In all variants of the experiment, the application of activated PF in the soil led to the same result as the application of simple superphosphate. Based on PF and an activating organomineral additive, a granular form of phosphorus fertilizer with sulfur and humic substances can be obtained that is not inferior in effectiveness to simple superphosphate. The production of appropriate fertilizer can be arranged at small enterprises and directly at phosphate mines, which will create new jobs and provide regional crop production with relatively cheap and fairly effective forms of phosphate fertilizers that comply with the principles of green chemistry. The composition and technology of fertilizer production make it possible to position it as a natural organic-mineral fertilizer for organic farming.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-75
Renata S. Krymskaya, An Gritskevich, R. Khodzhaev
Since any hydro-testing is closely related to storage of the tested metal products, the first stage of any hydro-testing is to clean the inner surface of the metal product from either preservative or corrosion products that appeared during storage. Nowadays, we widely use polymers and polymer-based materials for cleaning metals and alloys surfaces of corrosion products. Such agents must satisfy the following requirements: firstly, firmly bind pollution and oxidized forms of metals, preventing surface passivation; secondly, be easily removed from the surface after cleaning; thirdly, components of the cleaning composition should not cause surface oxidation. However, these cleaning methods may not be suitable for hydro-testing due to possible formation of highly toxic waste water, so we often use methods of simultaneous washing with safer soda and citric acid under high pressure, followed by purging with dry air. The paper studies aqueous solutions of N-M-1 corrosion inhibitor mixed with alkali as a corrosion suppressing method in hydraulic tests before commissioning of any product pipelines in order to reduce concentration of a toxic inhibitor in inhibited water. The experiment had two focuses: to assess effectiveness of a new mixture in terms of corrosion inhibition during product pipelines commissioning and to assess toxicity of the mixture using an acid test on two testing objects from two different systematic groups. We proved that, without losing its corrosion inhibition effectiveness in hydro-testing, the mixture can be safely dumped in sewer systems, being preliminarily acidified to acceptable pH values, thanks to lowered N-M-1 concentration. Apart from that, we identified a synergistic effect of N-M-1 corrosion inhibitor acting with NaOH alkali.
{"title":"Process water inhibition method for hydraulic testing","authors":"Renata S. Krymskaya, An Gritskevich, R. Khodzhaev","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-75","url":null,"abstract":"Since any hydro-testing is closely related to storage of the tested metal products, the first stage of any hydro-testing is to clean the inner surface of the metal product from either preservative or corrosion products that appeared during storage. Nowadays, we widely use polymers and polymer-based materials for cleaning metals and alloys surfaces of corrosion products. Such agents must satisfy the following requirements: firstly, firmly bind pollution and oxidized forms of metals, preventing surface passivation; secondly, be easily removed from the surface after cleaning; thirdly, components of the cleaning composition should not cause surface oxidation. However, these cleaning methods may not be suitable for hydro-testing due to possible formation of highly toxic waste water, so we often use methods of simultaneous washing with safer soda and citric acid under high pressure, followed by purging with dry air. The paper studies aqueous solutions of N-M-1 corrosion inhibitor mixed with alkali as a corrosion suppressing method in hydraulic tests before commissioning of any product pipelines in order to reduce concentration of a toxic inhibitor in inhibited water. The experiment had two focuses: to assess effectiveness of a new mixture in terms of corrosion inhibition during product pipelines commissioning and to assess toxicity of the mixture using an acid test on two testing objects from two different systematic groups. We proved that, without losing its corrosion inhibition effectiveness in hydro-testing, the mixture can be safely dumped in sewer systems, being preliminarily acidified to acceptable pH values, thanks to lowered N-M-1 concentration. Apart from that, we identified a synergistic effect of N-M-1 corrosion inhibitor acting with NaOH alkali.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76974393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-146
Y. Smyatskaya, N. Politaeva
This article discusses the use of residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana and the residual biomass of duckweed Lemna minor (OBR) as a raw material for biogas production. Residual biomass is formed after the treatment of valuable components from the biomass of microalgae and duckweed. The fermentation process was carried out using an inoculant – lyophilized activated sludge with the addition of vitamins and macro- and microelements. Experimental studies were carried out using the Anaerobes Testsystem AMPT-II system, which made it possible to maintain a temperature of 37 °C. When fermenting 2.1 g of OBH, it was possible to obtain 205 ml of methane, and when fermenting 2.5 g of OBR, 256 ml of methane was released, while in the control bioreactor 45 ml of methane was formed. Obtaining biogas by fermenting the residual biomass of microalgae and duckweed can significantly increase the amount of methane released, which is part of biogas. The lipids and carbohydrates included in the biomass can intensify the fermentation processes and increase the amount of biogas released.
本文讨论了利用小球藻(Chlorella Sorokiniana)和小浮萍(OBR)的残余生物量作为生产沼气的原料。残留生物量是微藻和浮萍生物量中有价值成分经过处理后形成的。以冻干活性污泥为孕育剂，添加维生素和宏微量元素进行发酵。实验研究使用厌氧测试系统AMPT-II系统进行，该系统可以保持37°C的温度。当发酵2.1 g OBH时，可以得到205 ml甲烷，当发酵2.5 g OBR时，可以释放256ml甲烷，而在对照生物反应器中形成45 ml甲烷。通过发酵微藻和浮萍的残余生物量获得沼气，可以显著增加沼气的释放量，甲烷是沼气的一部分。生物质中的脂质和碳水化合物可以强化发酵过程，增加沼气的释放量。
{"title":"Biogas production by fermentation of residual biomass of microalgae and duckweed","authors":"Y. Smyatskaya, N. Politaeva","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-146","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the use of residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana and the residual biomass of duckweed Lemna minor (OBR) as a raw material for biogas production. Residual biomass is formed after the treatment of valuable components from the biomass of microalgae and duckweed. The fermentation process was carried out using an inoculant – lyophilized activated sludge with the addition of vitamins and macro- and microelements. Experimental studies were carried out using the Anaerobes Testsystem AMPT-II system, which made it possible to maintain a temperature of 37 °C. When fermenting 2.1 g of OBH, it was possible to obtain 205 ml of methane, and when fermenting 2.5 g of OBR, 256 ml of methane was released, while in the control bioreactor 45 ml of methane was formed. Obtaining biogas by fermenting the residual biomass of microalgae and duckweed can significantly increase the amount of methane released, which is part of biogas. The lipids and carbohydrates included in the biomass can intensify the fermentation processes and increase the amount of biogas released.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84082186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-49
S. Shutkova, M. Dolomatov, Мilana M. Dolomatova, V. P. Zaporin
The molecular and electronic structure of coal tar asphaltenes was investigated. The objects of the study are asphalt resins of coking Kuzbass coal. Solution absorption spectra in the range of 310-780 nm were recorded on a СФ-2000 spectrophotometer. In the process of studying the absorption spectra of asphaltenes by optical spectroscopy, it has been found that the asphaltene fraction is a strong donor and electron acceptor. Effective ionization potential (6.64 eV), effective electron affinity (1.20 eV) and band gap width (5.44 eV) have been established. The study of the electronic structure of molecules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are nuclei of molecules of asphaltenes of the "continental" type, was carried out by the method of DFT/B3LYP with the basic set 6-31+G*, using the software package GAUSSIAN. Quantum-chemical calculations have shown that the first vertical ionization potential is equal to that the first vertical ionization potential is in the range of 6.41 to 6.71 eV, affinity to the electron – from 0.79 to 1.08 eV, values of the gap zone width – from 5.33 to 5.92 eV. Dipole moments of asphaltenes (0.32 to 0.46 D) were calculated. The calculation data confirm the hypothesis of increased donor-acceptor capacity of asphalt-resin substances.
{"title":"Investigation of molecular and electronic structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar","authors":"S. Shutkova, M. Dolomatov, Мilana M. Dolomatova, V. P. Zaporin","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-49","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular and electronic structure of coal tar asphaltenes was investigated. The objects of the study are asphalt resins of coking Kuzbass coal. Solution absorption spectra in the range of 310-780 nm were recorded on a СФ-2000 spectrophotometer. In the process of studying the absorption spectra of asphaltenes by optical spectroscopy, it has been found that the asphaltene fraction is a strong donor and electron acceptor. Effective ionization potential (6.64 eV), effective electron affinity (1.20 eV) and band gap width (5.44 eV) have been established. The study of the electronic structure of molecules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are nuclei of molecules of asphaltenes of the \"continental\" type, was carried out by the method of DFT/B3LYP with the basic set 6-31+G*, using the software package GAUSSIAN. Quantum-chemical calculations have shown that the first vertical ionization potential is equal to that the first vertical ionization potential is in the range of 6.41 to 6.71 eV, affinity to the electron – from 0.79 to 1.08 eV, values of the gap zone width – from 5.33 to 5.92 eV. Dipole moments of asphaltenes (0.32 to 0.46 D) were calculated. The calculation data confirm the hypothesis of increased donor-acceptor capacity of asphalt-resin substances.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"471 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89082720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：