Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-11-63
Yu.V. Shcherbakova, Farida Yu. Ahmadullina, Egor K. Rastegaev, Svetlana M. Gunicheva
In this article was stydied the influence of the shelf life of kefir for baby food on their quality, estimated by the titrated acidity and intensity of lipid peroxidation process. The last was determined by the change in the concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid. Were researched Children's kefir of brands "Adventures of Jovi", "For kids", "Agusha", fat content of 2.5% and 3.2% manufacturers of JSC "lactis", JSC "Zelenodolsk milk processing combine" and LLC "Wimm bill Dann". For these samples of fermented milk products for baby food is characterized by different declared shelf life, equal to 6, 15, 9 and 15 days, respectively, which serves as indirect evidence of differences in the methods of their production. The control period of research took into account both the shelf life of the product, declared by the manufacturer, and the period of time a week after its end. This allows, in our opinion, both to assess the impact of the conditions of production of commodity products on its, and it is possible to assess the level of safety of the analyzed kefir in the declared shelf life and, thus, to identify the best brand. The results were compared with data on the integrated antioxidant activity of the studied fermented milk products. Their values were obtained earlier by coulometric titration with electrogenated bromine, which allows to cover the largest number of antioxidants present in the control products at the time of the research. As a result of the comparative analysis it is shown, that children's kefir, the brand " for kids” in the declared shelf life of the manufacturer, is characterized by a lower content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation, causing rancidity of kefirs, while its antioxidant activity is the highest among the studied samples of kefirs for baby food. The results suggest that the technology for producing baby kefir of this brand is optimal, providing high quality, which is very important for the growing up body.
本文通过测定酸度和脂质过氧化过程的强度，研究了婴儿食品开菲尔的保质期对其品质的影响。最后是由与硫代巴比妥酸反应的化合物浓度的变化决定的。研究了JSC“laactis”、JSC“Zelenodolsk牛奶加工联合公司”和LLC“Wimm bill Dann”三家品牌“Adventures of Jovi”、“For kids”、“Agusha”的儿童开菲尔，脂肪含量分别为2.5%和3.2%。这些婴儿食品发酵乳制品样品的特点是声明的保质期不同，分别为6天、15天、9天和15天，这是其生产方法差异的间接证据。研究的控制期既考虑了制造商声明的产品的保质期，也考虑了产品结束后一周的时间。在我们看来，这既可以评估商品生产条件对其的影响，也可以评估所分析的克非尔在宣布的保质期内的安全水平，从而确定最佳品牌。结果与所研究发酵乳制品的综合抗氧化活性数据进行了比较。它们的值是早些时候通过电溴库仑滴定法获得的，这允许在研究时覆盖对照产品中存在的最大数量的抗氧化剂。对比分析结果表明，生产厂家申报保质期“儿童专用”品牌的儿童开菲尔，其脂质过氧化次生产物含量较低，导致开菲尔酸败，而其抗氧化活性在所研究的婴儿食品开菲尔样品中最高。结果表明，该品牌婴儿开菲尔的生产工艺最优，质量高，对成长中的身体非常重要。
{"title":"Changes in the quality of kefir for baby food from different manufacturers during storage","authors":"Yu.V. Shcherbakova, Farida Yu. Ahmadullina, Egor K. Rastegaev, Svetlana M. Gunicheva","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-11-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-11-63","url":null,"abstract":"In this article was stydied the influence of the shelf life of kefir for baby food on their quality, estimated by the titrated acidity and intensity of lipid peroxidation process. The last was determined by the change in the concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid. Were researched Children's kefir of brands \"Adventures of Jovi\", \"For kids\", \"Agusha\", fat content of 2.5% and 3.2% manufacturers of JSC \"lactis\", JSC \"Zelenodolsk milk processing combine\" and LLC \"Wimm bill Dann\". For these samples of fermented milk products for baby food is characterized by different declared shelf life, equal to 6, 15, 9 and 15 days, respectively, which serves as indirect evidence of differences in the methods of their production. The control period of research took into account both the shelf life of the product, declared by the manufacturer, and the period of time a week after its end. This allows, in our opinion, both to assess the impact of the conditions of production of commodity products on its, and it is possible to assess the level of safety of the analyzed kefir in the declared shelf life and, thus, to identify the best brand. The results were compared with data on the integrated antioxidant activity of the studied fermented milk products. Their values were obtained earlier by coulometric titration with electrogenated bromine, which allows to cover the largest number of antioxidants present in the control products at the time of the research. As a result of the comparative analysis it is shown, that children's kefir, the brand \" for kids” in the declared shelf life of the manufacturer, is characterized by a lower content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation, causing rancidity of kefirs, while its antioxidant activity is the highest among the studied samples of kefirs for baby food. The results suggest that the technology for producing baby kefir of this brand is optimal, providing high quality, which is very important for the growing up body.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90747466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-67
A. Lapin, M. Gordeeva, M. Kalaida
The article presents the results of a biochemical study of aqueous media in terms of antioxidant activity, which was studied by coulometric analysis using electrogenerated bromine, the samples were analyzed on the coulometer "Expert-006" (LLC "Econix-Expert", Russia) by a certified method. Modern ideas about the properties of water are based on its cluster structure, which is devoted to a significant number of theoretical and experimental works. They indicate that the structure of water is formed by clusters that are constructed from water molecules held by hydrogen bonds. The 9 clusters of water differing in a set of characteristics are allocated. It is shown that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned and simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water. Following the research it is revealed that, water has various cluster structure. The most complex in terms of cluster composition is spring water (5 clusters) and artesian water (4 clusters). The most simple composition was the water of the seas and fisheries ponds-1-2 clusters. It was discovered, that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned or simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water.
{"title":"Cluster characteristics of waters in terms of their total antioxidant activity","authors":"A. Lapin, M. Gordeeva, M. Kalaida","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-67","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a biochemical study of aqueous media in terms of antioxidant activity, which was studied by coulometric analysis using electrogenerated bromine, the samples were analyzed on the coulometer \"Expert-006\" (LLC \"Econix-Expert\", Russia) by a certified method. Modern ideas about the properties of water are based on its cluster structure, which is devoted to a significant number of theoretical and experimental works. They indicate that the structure of water is formed by clusters that are constructed from water molecules held by hydrogen bonds. The 9 clusters of water differing in a set of characteristics are allocated. It is shown that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned and simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water. Following the research it is revealed that, water has various cluster structure. The most complex in terms of cluster composition is spring water (5 clusters) and artesian water (4 clusters). The most simple composition was the water of the seas and fisheries ponds-1-2 clusters. It was discovered, that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned or simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77849078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-146
V. Popok, N. I. Popok
The use of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan can in mixed energy compositions based on various polymer binders faces a number of problems caused by the specific properties of this component: resistance under normal conditions most polymorphic modifications of the crystalline product, the difficulty of obtaining a crystalline product of the required dispersal and polymorphic modification, re-crystalization and remodification of the product in polymer mixtures compositions, increased ability to form crystals with most traditional components of energy compositions. Relatively low and selective, in comparison, for example, with compositions based on octogen, the increase in energy efficiency when using hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan in energy compositions with polymer binders of different nature, puts forward the task of simultaneously addressing the issues of reducing energy losses when burning energy compositions in energy installations of various purposes. The solution of these issues is associated with the use of high-dispersal and nanoscale fillers in the compositions of mixed energy materials. For the use of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan in compositions, along with the problem of choosing a polymer binder, solving the issues of obtaining a crystal product required modification and different variance, including nanoscale, experimental research is needed: critical characteristics of filling polymer compositions (maximum degree of filling; filling corresponding to percolation transitions), their effect on basic properties energy compositions – characteristics of combustion, physical-mechanical and explosive characteristics, physical and chemical stability of properties, etc.; to assess the prospects of using alternative compositions based on the co-crystalyzates of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan with other components of mixed compositions. Taking into account the above and in the development of earlier works, the article provides some results of the definition of critical volume – maximum and critical for the formation of percolatin cluster – degrees of filling polymer compositions with inert hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan powders of varying variances, including high-dispersal and nanoscale. In addition, data on the relationship of critical characteristics with the characteristics of combustion, physical-mechanical, rheological characteristics of compositions are presented. Data on the effect of high-dispersal and nanoscale powders of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan on shock-wave sensitivity of samples of mixed energy materials are presented. The results of tests of alternative homogeneous energy compositions based on the co-crystalyzates of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan with a brief analysis of the prospects of their use are also presented.
{"title":"Critical features and some properties polymer compositions containing high-dispersal hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan","authors":"V. Popok, N. I. Popok","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-146","url":null,"abstract":"The use of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan can in mixed energy compositions based on various polymer binders faces a number of problems caused by the specific properties of this component: resistance under normal conditions most polymorphic modifications of the crystalline product, the difficulty of obtaining a crystalline product of the required dispersal and polymorphic modification, re-crystalization and remodification of the product in polymer mixtures compositions, increased ability to form crystals with most traditional components of energy compositions. Relatively low and selective, in comparison, for example, with compositions based on octogen, the increase in energy efficiency when using hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan in energy compositions with polymer binders of different nature, puts forward the task of simultaneously addressing the issues of reducing energy losses when burning energy compositions in energy installations of various purposes. The solution of these issues is associated with the use of high-dispersal and nanoscale fillers in the compositions of mixed energy materials. For the use of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan in compositions, along with the problem of choosing a polymer binder, solving the issues of obtaining a crystal product required modification and different variance, including nanoscale, experimental research is needed: critical characteristics of filling polymer compositions (maximum degree of filling; filling corresponding to percolation transitions), their effect on basic properties energy compositions – characteristics of combustion, physical-mechanical and explosive characteristics, physical and chemical stability of properties, etc.; to assess the prospects of using alternative compositions based on the co-crystalyzates of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan with other components of mixed compositions. Taking into account the above and in the development of earlier works, the article provides some results of the definition of critical volume – maximum and critical for the formation of percolatin cluster – degrees of filling polymer compositions with inert hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan powders of varying variances, including high-dispersal and nanoscale. In addition, data on the relationship of critical characteristics with the characteristics of combustion, physical-mechanical, rheological characteristics of compositions are presented. Data on the effect of high-dispersal and nanoscale powders of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan on shock-wave sensitivity of samples of mixed energy materials are presented. The results of tests of alternative homogeneous energy compositions based on the co-crystalyzates of hexanitrohexaazaizowurcitan with a brief analysis of the prospects of their use are also presented.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75472728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-36
V. Y. Chuklanov, K. Smirnov, Natalia V. Chuklanova
The process of oligodimethylsiloxane with terminal hydroxyl groups and isopropyl ether of orthotitanic acid interaction was studied. This process leads to the formation of dimethylsiloxane elastomer, which is a valuable product in the production of sealing materials, high-temperature protective coatings, the starting product for heat-conducting pastes. The synthesis was carried out at a temperature of 25 оС due to the interaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the oligomer and the isopropoxy groups of the orthotitanic acid ester. The reaction was accompanied by the release of isopropyl alcohol, which was effectively removed from the reaction zone due to its high volatility. Along with the polycondensation reaction, an additional hydrolysis reaction of unreacted orthotitanic acid ether in the presence of atmospheric moisture is possible. The final product of the reaction was titanium oxide. The authors also analyzed the characteristics of the resulting polymer. The average particle size of titanium dioxide was determined using a microanalyzer HoribaLB-550, it was 45 nm. The effect of reaction time and hardener content on the properties of polydimethylsiloxane was studied. The optimal conditions for the synthesis were established. The optical properties of the polymer were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy on the Unico-2800 spectrometer. It was found that the use of orthotitanic acid ether leads to a strong absorbing effect in the shortwave region of the spectrum, starting from 400 nm. Depending on the content of orthotitanic acid isopropyl ether and curing time, Shore A hardness was determined. The adhesive properties of the composition on a glass and steel substrate were studied. Tear strength reached 2.2 MPa.
{"title":"The process of oligodimethylsiloxane with terminal hydroxyl groups and isopropyl ether of orthotitanic acid interaction","authors":"V. Y. Chuklanov, K. Smirnov, Natalia V. Chuklanova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-36","url":null,"abstract":"The process of oligodimethylsiloxane with terminal hydroxyl groups and isopropyl ether of orthotitanic acid interaction was studied. This process leads to the formation of dimethylsiloxane elastomer, which is a valuable product in the production of sealing materials, high-temperature protective coatings, the starting product for heat-conducting pastes. The synthesis was carried out at a temperature of 25 оС due to the interaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the oligomer and the isopropoxy groups of the orthotitanic acid ester. The reaction was accompanied by the release of isopropyl alcohol, which was effectively removed from the reaction zone due to its high volatility. Along with the polycondensation reaction, an additional hydrolysis reaction of unreacted orthotitanic acid ether in the presence of atmospheric moisture is possible. The final product of the reaction was titanium oxide. The authors also analyzed the characteristics of the resulting polymer. The average particle size of titanium dioxide was determined using a microanalyzer HoribaLB-550, it was 45 nm. The effect of reaction time and hardener content on the properties of polydimethylsiloxane was studied. The optimal conditions for the synthesis were established. The optical properties of the polymer were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy on the Unico-2800 spectrometer. It was found that the use of orthotitanic acid ether leads to a strong absorbing effect in the shortwave region of the spectrum, starting from 400 nm. Depending on the content of orthotitanic acid isopropyl ether and curing time, Shore A hardness was determined. The adhesive properties of the composition on a glass and steel substrate were studied. Tear strength reached 2.2 MPa.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74776533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-81
N. F. Ushmarin, L. Tsareva, K. Konnova, M. V. Yakimova, Nikolay I. Koltsov
The article investigates the influence of technological additives and peroxides on the properties of two rubber mixtures based on ethylene-propylene caoutchouc of marking SKEPT-40. The main properties were: rheometric (maximum and minimum torques; start, optimum and maximum vulcanization rates; maximum vulcanization rates), physical and mechanical (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness) and operational (changes in conditional strength at tensile, elongation at break and hardness after aging in air). The resistance of rubbers to the action of high temperatures by methods of differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis was studied. As technological additives, MA-L22, Struktol WS180, Zincolet BB 222 and Struktol A89 were used. Vulcanizing agents were peroxides: Novoperox BP-40, Percodox BC-FF, Dicumyl Peroxide (DK), Chemanox PX1 and Dicumyl Peroxide DCP 99. The studies were carried out for two rubbers, one of which is intended for the manufacture of molded products, and the second rubber – for sealing profiles. It was shown that the technological additive Zincolet BB 222 increases the vulcanization rate of rubber mixture for molded products. All technological additives used have practically no effect on the conditional tensile strength and hardness vulcanizates of molded products, increasing their elongation at break. The smallest changes in the physical and mechanical properties are characterized by the vulcanizate, which contains the technological additive Zincolet BB 222. Technological additives practically do not affect the process of vulcanization of the rubber mixture and slightly affect the process of destruction of rubber during aging. Of the investigated technological additives Zincolet BB 222 is more conducive to improving the thermal properties of rubber. It has been established that Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 peroxides increase the rate of vulcanization of the rubber mixture for sealing profiles. For vulcanizates of this rubber mixture, when Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 is replaced with other peroxides, a decrease in the conditional tensile strength, hardness and an increase in the elongation at break are observed. With aging in air, changes in the physicomechanical properties of the vulcanizates of the rubber mixture variants containing Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 are insignificant and close to each other.
{"title":"The influence of technological additives and peroxides on the properties of rubber mixtures based on ethylene propylene caoutchouc","authors":"N. F. Ushmarin, L. Tsareva, K. Konnova, M. V. Yakimova, Nikolay I. Koltsov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the influence of technological additives and peroxides on the properties of two rubber mixtures based on ethylene-propylene caoutchouc of marking SKEPT-40. The main properties were: rheometric (maximum and minimum torques; start, optimum and maximum vulcanization rates; maximum vulcanization rates), physical and mechanical (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness) and operational (changes in conditional strength at tensile, elongation at break and hardness after aging in air). The resistance of rubbers to the action of high temperatures by methods of differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis was studied. As technological additives, MA-L22, Struktol WS180, Zincolet BB 222 and Struktol A89 were used. Vulcanizing agents were peroxides: Novoperox BP-40, Percodox BC-FF, Dicumyl Peroxide (DK), Chemanox PX1 and Dicumyl Peroxide DCP 99. The studies were carried out for two rubbers, one of which is intended for the manufacture of molded products, and the second rubber – for sealing profiles. It was shown that the technological additive Zincolet BB 222 increases the vulcanization rate of rubber mixture for molded products. All technological additives used have practically no effect on the conditional tensile strength and hardness vulcanizates of molded products, increasing their elongation at break. The smallest changes in the physical and mechanical properties are characterized by the vulcanizate, which contains the technological additive Zincolet BB 222. Technological additives practically do not affect the process of vulcanization of the rubber mixture and slightly affect the process of destruction of rubber during aging. Of the investigated technological additives Zincolet BB 222 is more conducive to improving the thermal properties of rubber. It has been established that Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 peroxides increase the rate of vulcanization of the rubber mixture for sealing profiles. For vulcanizates of this rubber mixture, when Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 is replaced with other peroxides, a decrease in the conditional tensile strength, hardness and an increase in the elongation at break are observed. With aging in air, changes in the physicomechanical properties of the vulcanizates of the rubber mixture variants containing Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 are insignificant and close to each other.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84385211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-32
V. Y. Gorokhov, T. V. Makhova
It is known that the biochemical enzymatic reaction of the reversible transfer of an amino group from an amino-acid to a keto-acid is called a transamination reaction. However, the transamination reaction is applicable not only for biochemical enzymatic reactions, but is also often used in organic synthesis to produce aromatic azomethines. As objects of study in the transamination reaction, we selected substituted N-benzylidenanilines (imines, Schiff bases) and anilines, containing a biologically active heterocyclic fragment in the para-position of the aniline ring. We have shown the feasibility of transamination of substituted N-benzylidenanilines (N-benzylidenaniline, N-benzyliden-4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline), heterocyclic anilines (4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline). It was found that the interaction of 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4- (5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline with N-benzylidenanilines, the imine aniline cycle is replaced by the corresponding fragment of heterylated aniline, with the formation of new N-benzylidenanilines, the structure of which is proved by a breakdown of mixed melting and H1 NMR spectroscopy. However, the transamination reaction does not proceed with the use of N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline. This, apparently, is associated with the presence of an electron-donating substituent at the para-position of the aniline imines fragment. Thus, a series of activity of the studied compounds in the transamination reaction of substituted anilines was experimentally established. The most active of these is 4-methoxyaniline, followed by 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl) aniline, 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, and closes the series of the least active, unsubstituted aniline. The synthesis method proposed in this work allows one to obtain new substituted N-benzylidenanilines, and the studied series of activity allows one to predict the behavior of anilines containing various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the transamination reaction with N-benzylidenanilines.
{"title":"Para-(aza,thio)xanthenylated anilines in the pereaminination reaction","authors":"V. Y. Gorokhov, T. V. Makhova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-32","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the biochemical enzymatic reaction of the reversible transfer of an amino group from an amino-acid to a keto-acid is called a transamination reaction. However, the transamination reaction is applicable not only for biochemical enzymatic reactions, but is also often used in organic synthesis to produce aromatic azomethines. As objects of study in the transamination reaction, we selected substituted N-benzylidenanilines (imines, Schiff bases) and anilines, containing a biologically active heterocyclic fragment in the para-position of the aniline ring. We have shown the feasibility of transamination of substituted N-benzylidenanilines (N-benzylidenaniline, N-benzyliden-4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline), heterocyclic anilines (4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline). It was found that the interaction of 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4- (5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline with N-benzylidenanilines, the imine aniline cycle is replaced by the corresponding fragment of heterylated aniline, with the formation of new N-benzylidenanilines, the structure of which is proved by a breakdown of mixed melting and H1 NMR spectroscopy. However, the transamination reaction does not proceed with the use of N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline. This, apparently, is associated with the presence of an electron-donating substituent at the para-position of the aniline imines fragment. Thus, a series of activity of the studied compounds in the transamination reaction of substituted anilines was experimentally established. The most active of these is 4-methoxyaniline, followed by 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl) aniline, 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, and closes the series of the least active, unsubstituted aniline. The synthesis method proposed in this work allows one to obtain new substituted N-benzylidenanilines, and the studied series of activity allows one to predict the behavior of anilines containing various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the transamination reaction with N-benzylidenanilines.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74076248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-42
M. Bazunova, R. Lazdin, Маria А. Elinson, L. Sharafutdinova, E. Kulish
The article is devoted to the development of new approaches to the creation of modern wound healing highly elastic films with good hemocompatibility based on a water-soluble chitosan derivative – the succinyl of chitosan. These trips are based on the use of plasticizers. It was established that chitosan succinyl, in contrast to chitosan, is capable of exhibiting insignificant forced-elastic deformation, but still not sufficient to use unmodified films based on it as wound healing coatings. The deformation-strength properties of the films were studied on a universal tensile testing machine. The tensile stress (σ) was determined taking into account the cross-sectional area of the sample taken for testing, and expressed in MPa. The elongation at break (ε) was calculated taking into account the initial length of the film sample taken for testing, and expressed as a percentage. The values of elongation at break and tensile stress were calculated as the arithmetic average of five parallel measurements. The hemocompatibility of chitosan-glycerol succinyl systems was evaluated by determining the osmotic resistance of healthy human erythrocytes using a unified method in the modification of L.I. Idelson. It is shown that the introduction of glycerol as a plasticizer in the process of film formation leads to a significant improvement in their physical and mechanical characteristics. An increase in the glycerol content in the film up to 50 wt% is accompanied by a significant increase in tensile elongation. The value of the breaking stress in this case, naturally decreases. But, since the value of the breaking stress in any case remains at the level of the necessary values, the observed drop in strength indicators is not fundamental. The stabilizing effect of the succinyl of chitosan-glycerin systems on cell membranes under physiological conditions is proved, which suggests their high hemocompatibility.
{"title":"Plasticized films based on chitosan succinyl","authors":"M. Bazunova, R. Lazdin, Маria А. Elinson, L. Sharafutdinova, E. Kulish","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-42","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the development of new approaches to the creation of modern wound healing highly elastic films with good hemocompatibility based on a water-soluble chitosan derivative – the succinyl of chitosan. These trips are based on the use of plasticizers. It was established that chitosan succinyl, in contrast to chitosan, is capable of exhibiting insignificant forced-elastic deformation, but still not sufficient to use unmodified films based on it as wound healing coatings. The deformation-strength properties of the films were studied on a universal tensile testing machine. The tensile stress (σ) was determined taking into account the cross-sectional area of the sample taken for testing, and expressed in MPa. The elongation at break (ε) was calculated taking into account the initial length of the film sample taken for testing, and expressed as a percentage. The values of elongation at break and tensile stress were calculated as the arithmetic average of five parallel measurements. The hemocompatibility of chitosan-glycerol succinyl systems was evaluated by determining the osmotic resistance of healthy human erythrocytes using a unified method in the modification of L.I. Idelson. It is shown that the introduction of glycerol as a plasticizer in the process of film formation leads to a significant improvement in their physical and mechanical characteristics. An increase in the glycerol content in the film up to 50 wt% is accompanied by a significant increase in tensile elongation. The value of the breaking stress in this case, naturally decreases. But, since the value of the breaking stress in any case remains at the level of the necessary values, the observed drop in strength indicators is not fundamental. The stabilizing effect of the succinyl of chitosan-glycerin systems on cell membranes under physiological conditions is proved, which suggests their high hemocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82583315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-140
Anatoly A. Babenco, L. Smirnov, A. G. Upolovnikova, L. Mikhailova
Using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry (Outokumpu) software package in combination with simplex-lattice planning, we performed thermodynamic modeling of the equilibrium cerium content in a metal containing 0.06% C, 0.25 Si, 0.05% Al (in this expression and further on the text indicates mass%), under the slag of the CaO – SiO2 – Ce2O3 – 15% Al2O3 – 8% MgO system in a wide range of chemical composition at temperatures of 1550 °C and 1650 °C. For each temperature, adequate mathematical models have been obtained in the form of a reduced polynomial of degree III, describing the equilibrium content of cerium in the metal depending on the composition of the slag. The results of mathematical modeling are presented graphically in the form of diagrams of the composition – the equilibrium content of cerium. A marked effect of slag basicity on the distribution of cerium is noted. An increase in slag basicity from 2 to 5 at a temperature of 1550 °C leads to an increase in the equilibrium cerium content in the metal from 0.1 to 7 ppm, i.e. the increase in slag basicity favorably affects the development of cerium recovery process. An increase in metal temperature has a positive effect on cerium recovery. As the temperature rises to 1650 °C, the equilibrium cerium content in the metal increases on average from 0.3 to 10 ppm. In the diagrams of the chemical composition of slags containing 56-61% CaO, 12-14% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3 in the temperature range of 1550 and 1650 °C, we can expect a concentration of cerium in the metal at a level of 7-10 ppm at a content of 4% to 7% Ce2O3 in the original slag. The positive effect of the basicity of the formed slag in the studied range of chemical composition on the cerium reduction process is explained from the standpoint of the phase composition of the slag and the thermodynamics of cerium reduction reactions.
{"title":"Plotting the equilibrium cerium content in metal under the slag of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-15%Al2O3-8%MgO system","authors":"Anatoly A. Babenco, L. Smirnov, A. G. Upolovnikova, L. Mikhailova","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-140","url":null,"abstract":"Using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry (Outokumpu) software package in combination with simplex-lattice planning, we performed thermodynamic modeling of the equilibrium cerium content in a metal containing 0.06% C, 0.25 Si, 0.05% Al (in this expression and further on the text indicates mass%), under the slag of the CaO – SiO2 – Ce2O3 – 15% Al2O3 – 8% MgO system in a wide range of chemical composition at temperatures of 1550 °C and 1650 °C. For each temperature, adequate mathematical models have been obtained in the form of a reduced polynomial of degree III, describing the equilibrium content of cerium in the metal depending on the composition of the slag. The results of mathematical modeling are presented graphically in the form of diagrams of the composition – the equilibrium content of cerium. A marked effect of slag basicity on the distribution of cerium is noted. An increase in slag basicity from 2 to 5 at a temperature of 1550 °C leads to an increase in the equilibrium cerium content in the metal from 0.1 to 7 ppm, i.e. the increase in slag basicity favorably affects the development of cerium recovery process. An increase in metal temperature has a positive effect on cerium recovery. As the temperature rises to 1650 °C, the equilibrium cerium content in the metal increases on average from 0.3 to 10 ppm. In the diagrams of the chemical composition of slags containing 56-61% CaO, 12-14% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3 in the temperature range of 1550 and 1650 °C, we can expect a concentration of cerium in the metal at a level of 7-10 ppm at a content of 4% to 7% Ce2O3 in the original slag. The positive effect of the basicity of the formed slag in the studied range of chemical composition on the cerium reduction process is explained from the standpoint of the phase composition of the slag and the thermodynamics of cerium reduction reactions.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85958507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-99
Kim Long Vu, V. Klushin, A. Nistratov, Hoang Thi Tho, Tran Thi Bich Ngoc
The possibility of processing wastes based on organoplastics generated at aviation enterprises into activated carbons by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide has been investigated. Powdered and granular activated carbons with a porous structure, characterized by the predominance of micropores or mesopores, are obtained that are superior in many respects to both adsorbents based on organoplastics and most industrial active carbons. The specific surface area of micropores of the obtained granular activated carbons is 1716 m2/g, the absorption capacity is 365 mg/g for methylene blue and 1180 mg/g for iodine. The obtained granular activated carbons are characterized by a stable adsorption value of n-butanol (about 400 mg/g) during three successive adsorption-regeneration cycles. Desorption at 120±5 °C provides an almost complete restoration of the activity of this absorber, fundamentally allowing its multiple use in this technology. It is shown in the work that granular activated carbons of very high quality can be obtained by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide based on organoplastics wastes, the only drawback of which is, in essence, the relatively low (at 60%) abrasion resistance. The possibility of improving the quality properties of granular activated carbons by adding a small amount of carbon fiber (1% of the mass) as a reinforcing component in the process of granulation to raw paste was investigated. The specified method can significantly increase the strength of the granules in compression (about 3 times), while the adsorption properties of activated carbon are practically unchanged. The properties described above allow us to conclude that the obtained granular activated carbon is effective and highly competitive.
{"title":"Improving the properties of activated carbons based on organoplastics by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH)","authors":"Kim Long Vu, V. Klushin, A. Nistratov, Hoang Thi Tho, Tran Thi Bich Ngoc","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-99","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of processing wastes based on organoplastics generated at aviation enterprises into activated carbons by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide has been investigated. Powdered and granular activated carbons with a porous structure, characterized by the predominance of micropores or mesopores, are obtained that are superior in many respects to both adsorbents based on organoplastics and most industrial active carbons. The specific surface area of micropores of the obtained granular activated carbons is 1716 m2/g, the absorption capacity is 365 mg/g for methylene blue and 1180 mg/g for iodine. The obtained granular activated carbons are characterized by a stable adsorption value of n-butanol (about 400 mg/g) during three successive adsorption-regeneration cycles. Desorption at 120±5 °C provides an almost complete restoration of the activity of this absorber, fundamentally allowing its multiple use in this technology. It is shown in the work that granular activated carbons of very high quality can be obtained by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide based on organoplastics wastes, the only drawback of which is, in essence, the relatively low (at 60%) abrasion resistance. The possibility of improving the quality properties of granular activated carbons by adding a small amount of carbon fiber (1% of the mass) as a reinforcing component in the process of granulation to raw paste was investigated. The specified method can significantly increase the strength of the granules in compression (about 3 times), while the adsorption properties of activated carbon are practically unchanged. The properties described above allow us to conclude that the obtained granular activated carbon is effective and highly competitive.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"173 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91483995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-54
M. Nikishina, Evgenia V. Ivanova, Yury M. Atroschenko, I. Shahkeldyan, Igor V. Blohin, L. Mukhtorov, K. I. Kobrakov, G. Pestsov
The presented publication is devoted to the study of the biological activity of silver colloids synthesized based on extracts obtained from various parts of the goat willow plant (Sálix cáprea). The ability of colloidal silver solutions of various concentrations to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds at the germination stage is analyzed. The effect of colloidal solutions on the catalytic effect of amylase was studied. The fungicidal activity of synthesized silver particles was studied. For the study, colloidal silver particles were obtained by the "green synthesis" method. Extracts of goat willow bark, leaves and buds of varying degrees of dilution were used as a reducing agent. The analysis of sugar content and pH of solutions of plant extracts before and after colloid formation was carried out in order to establish the participation of sugars and acids in the process of silver recovery. The biological activity of colloids was analyzed on the seeds of winter wheat cultivar "Moskovskaya-39". The germination energy of wheat seeds was determined on the 3rd day after sowing by counting the germinated seeds. Amylase activity was measured in the roots and shoots of wheat plants by the amount of undecomposed starch by spectrophotometry. Fungicidal activity was studied with respect to fungi: F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, S. sclerotiorum, V. inaequalis, R. solani, B. sorokiniana, P. ostreatus. The data obtained show that the sugars that make up the initial extracts of various parts of goat willow are completely consumed in the process of silver recovery and the formation of colloidal particles. A change in the acid content at the stage of colloid formation does not allow us to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the mechanism of participation of these compounds in the process of colloid formation. A study of the biological activity of synthesized silver colloids showed their high ability to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds. A study of enzymatic catalysis also shows, in general, the positive effect of silver colloids on amylase activity within 1 minute of the starch hydrolysis reaction. An analysis of the data obtained in the study of fungistaticity suggests that silver colloids obtained in extracts from leaves, bark and willow inflorescences exhibit high fungicidal activity against F. moniliforme, S. sclerotiorum, P. ostreatus and B. sorokiniana.
{"title":"Biological activity of colloidal solutions of silver, obtained by means of sálix cáprea extract","authors":"M. Nikishina, Evgenia V. Ivanova, Yury M. Atroschenko, I. Shahkeldyan, Igor V. Blohin, L. Mukhtorov, K. I. Kobrakov, G. Pestsov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-54","url":null,"abstract":"The presented publication is devoted to the study of the biological activity of silver colloids synthesized based on extracts obtained from various parts of the goat willow plant (Sálix cáprea). The ability of colloidal silver solutions of various concentrations to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds at the germination stage is analyzed. The effect of colloidal solutions on the catalytic effect of amylase was studied. The fungicidal activity of synthesized silver particles was studied. For the study, colloidal silver particles were obtained by the \"green synthesis\" method. Extracts of goat willow bark, leaves and buds of varying degrees of dilution were used as a reducing agent. The analysis of sugar content and pH of solutions of plant extracts before and after colloid formation was carried out in order to establish the participation of sugars and acids in the process of silver recovery. The biological activity of colloids was analyzed on the seeds of winter wheat cultivar \"Moskovskaya-39\". The germination energy of wheat seeds was determined on the 3rd day after sowing by counting the germinated seeds. Amylase activity was measured in the roots and shoots of wheat plants by the amount of undecomposed starch by spectrophotometry. Fungicidal activity was studied with respect to fungi: F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, S. sclerotiorum, V. inaequalis, R. solani, B. sorokiniana, P. ostreatus. The data obtained show that the sugars that make up the initial extracts of various parts of goat willow are completely consumed in the process of silver recovery and the formation of colloidal particles. A change in the acid content at the stage of colloid formation does not allow us to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the mechanism of participation of these compounds in the process of colloid formation. A study of the biological activity of synthesized silver colloids showed their high ability to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds. A study of enzymatic catalysis also shows, in general, the positive effect of silver colloids on amylase activity within 1 minute of the starch hydrolysis reaction. An analysis of the data obtained in the study of fungistaticity suggests that silver colloids obtained in extracts from leaves, bark and willow inflorescences exhibit high fungicidal activity against F. moniliforme, S. sclerotiorum, P. ostreatus and B. sorokiniana.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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