Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-62-4-123
Alsu R. Makaeva, Biological Safety, O. V. Shlyamina, I. Fitsev
Production of high-quality food of animal origin directly depends on the health of farm animals. Feeding of farm animals balanced in terms of nutrients is the most important condition for improving the quality of livestock production and its productivity. The productivity of animals depends on providing their organisms with all the necessary nutrients and biologically active substances. Along with the nutritional value, chemical safety of feed is also important for animals and humans. Pesticides have a special place among chemical toxicants. The article presents the monitoring of the nutritional value and chemical safety of the main feeds of agricultural producers of the Republic of Tatarstan, based on the results of their physical and chemical studies carried out in 2019 by of "FCTRBS". The feed was tested for content of crude protein, moisture, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and pesticides in accordance with the test methods included in the scope of accreditation of Test Center. 94.4% of feed for farm animals in the Republic of Tatarstan meet the requirements for nutritional value and chemical safety, which are imposed on them by the current regulatory and technical documentation. Only 5.6% of the studied feeds did not meet the physical and chemical parameters (the content of crude protein, crude fat, moisture, ash). A comprehensive assessment of the results of physical and chemical studies shows that agricultural feed producers in the Republic of Tatarstan comply with the basic requirements of the normative and technical documentation for the nutritional value and chemical safety of feed for farm animals. The latter determines not only the quality of animal husbandry, but also its efficiency and productivity.
{"title":"Monitoring the nutritional value and chemical safety of the main feeds of the Republic of Tatarstan according to the results of studies carried out in 2019","authors":"Alsu R. Makaeva, Biological Safety, O. V. Shlyamina, I. Fitsev","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-62-4-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-62-4-123","url":null,"abstract":"Production of high-quality food of animal origin directly depends on the health of farm animals. Feeding of farm animals balanced in terms of nutrients is the most important condition for improving the quality of livestock production and its productivity. The productivity of animals depends on providing their organisms with all the necessary nutrients and biologically active substances. Along with the nutritional value, chemical safety of feed is also important for animals and humans. Pesticides have a special place among chemical toxicants. The article presents the monitoring of the nutritional value and chemical safety of the main feeds of agricultural producers of the Republic of Tatarstan, based on the results of their physical and chemical studies carried out in 2019 by of \"FCTRBS\". The feed was tested for content of crude protein, moisture, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and pesticides in accordance with the test methods included in the scope of accreditation of Test Center. 94.4% of feed for farm animals in the Republic of Tatarstan meet the requirements for nutritional value and chemical safety, which are imposed on them by the current regulatory and technical documentation. Only 5.6% of the studied feeds did not meet the physical and chemical parameters (the content of crude protein, crude fat, moisture, ash). A comprehensive assessment of the results of physical and chemical studies shows that agricultural feed producers in the Republic of Tatarstan comply with the basic requirements of the normative and technical documentation for the nutritional value and chemical safety of feed for farm animals. The latter determines not only the quality of animal husbandry, but also its efficiency and productivity.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88685695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-43
G. A. Gaisina, A. Galimbekov
This article presents the results of a study of the dielectric properties of thin liquid crystal layer systems. To study the dielectric parameters of nematic liquid crystals in the boundary layers, the frequency and temperature dependences of the real (ε') and imaginary (ε'') parts of the dielectric constant were determined. We studied samples that are in macroscopic layers and samples located in flat capillary layers (d ~ 0.1 μm). In both cases, the measurement is performed by the same method, namely, the method of temporary dielectric spectroscopy. The entire procedure for measuring, recording, accumulating and processing data was carried out automatically. In this case, the results of dielectric measurements could be presented both in the frequency and time domains. For measurements, a plane-parallel measuring cell made of brass and titanium electrodes was used. It should be noted that the surface of a solid body has a strong influence on the phase state of liquids and liquid crystals in the boundary layer. For example, in such a layer, liquid molecules acquire a mesophase ordering. In the case of NLC, the nematic potential increases and, as a result, the temperature of the nematic-isotropic phase transition increases. However, a shift in the bleaching temperature in the NLC mixture studied by us did not appear due to the smallness of the effect. The substance enclosed in the microspace between the surfaces of the mica has a higher dielectric constant than the corresponding bulk sample. Moreover, such a difference is observed both in the isotropic and in the nematic phases. This can be explained as follows. In a thick layer, a dipole-dipole intermolecular interaction takes place, which reduces the effective dipole moment of the molecules.
{"title":"Investigation of the dielectric parameters of nematic liquid crystals in the boundary layers","authors":"G. A. Gaisina, A. Galimbekov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-43","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a study of the dielectric properties of thin liquid crystal layer systems. To study the dielectric parameters of nematic liquid crystals in the boundary layers, the frequency and temperature dependences of the real (ε') and imaginary (ε'') parts of the dielectric constant were determined. We studied samples that are in macroscopic layers and samples located in flat capillary layers (d ~ 0.1 μm). In both cases, the measurement is performed by the same method, namely, the method of temporary dielectric spectroscopy. The entire procedure for measuring, recording, accumulating and processing data was carried out automatically. In this case, the results of dielectric measurements could be presented both in the frequency and time domains. For measurements, a plane-parallel measuring cell made of brass and titanium electrodes was used. It should be noted that the surface of a solid body has a strong influence on the phase state of liquids and liquid crystals in the boundary layer. For example, in such a layer, liquid molecules acquire a mesophase ordering. In the case of NLC, the nematic potential increases and, as a result, the temperature of the nematic-isotropic phase transition increases. However, a shift in the bleaching temperature in the NLC mixture studied by us did not appear due to the smallness of the effect. The substance enclosed in the microspace between the surfaces of the mica has a higher dielectric constant than the corresponding bulk sample. Moreover, such a difference is observed both in the isotropic and in the nematic phases. This can be explained as follows. In a thick layer, a dipole-dipole intermolecular interaction takes place, which reduces the effective dipole moment of the molecules.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89008895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-131
S. Saidova
The article explores the biotechnological potential of growing Torch tomatoes in the territory of Dagestan. The characteristics of the hybrid varieties of tomatoes Torch are given. The comparative characteristic of yield indicators of tomato varieties Torch with other varieties cultivated in the southern part of Russia is presented. Five universal soil fertilizer schemes and their application regimes for growing tomatoes were tested as part of the field experiment. The most optimal ratios of the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilizing soils and fertilizing plants, as an alternative to natural organic nitrogen fertilizers. It is proved that with the introduction of mineral fertilizers against the background of the aftereffect of manure in the soil, the content of nitrates, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium increases. The influence of the timing of the use of fertilizers on the accumulation of dry matter and the area of the assimilation surface of tomatoes of the Torch variety during the growing season was studied. The dependence of the yield of commodity fruits of the Torch tomato on the doses and timing of the use of fertilizers was established. The effect of fertilizers on individual biometric indicators of Torch tomato plants on the period of mass ripening of fruits is shown; individual indicators of the quality of the Torch tomato fruit in full ripeness are determined depending on fertilizers. It has been shown that the application of fertilizers ensures the yield of fruits of sown tomatoes of the Torch cultivar at the level of 480-500 centner, and also that the tomato plants of the Torch cultivar form the maximum assimilation surface during the period of mass fruit formation. It is shown that the amount of nitrates in the fruits, regardless of the background of cultivation, does not exceed their maximum permissible concentration; in practice, the high yield of tomatoes Torch cultivar in the climatic conditions of Dagestan has been proved.
{"title":"The biotechnological potential of tomato torch, growing in Dagestan","authors":"S. Saidova","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-3-131","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the biotechnological potential of growing Torch tomatoes in the territory of Dagestan. The characteristics of the hybrid varieties of tomatoes Torch are given. The comparative characteristic of yield indicators of tomato varieties Torch with other varieties cultivated in the southern part of Russia is presented. Five universal soil fertilizer schemes and their application regimes for growing tomatoes were tested as part of the field experiment. The most optimal ratios of the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilizing soils and fertilizing plants, as an alternative to natural organic nitrogen fertilizers. It is proved that with the introduction of mineral fertilizers against the background of the aftereffect of manure in the soil, the content of nitrates, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium increases. The influence of the timing of the use of fertilizers on the accumulation of dry matter and the area of the assimilation surface of tomatoes of the Torch variety during the growing season was studied. The dependence of the yield of commodity fruits of the Torch tomato on the doses and timing of the use of fertilizers was established. The effect of fertilizers on individual biometric indicators of Torch tomato plants on the period of mass ripening of fruits is shown; individual indicators of the quality of the Torch tomato fruit in full ripeness are determined depending on fertilizers. It has been shown that the application of fertilizers ensures the yield of fruits of sown tomatoes of the Torch cultivar at the level of 480-500 centner, and also that the tomato plants of the Torch cultivar form the maximum assimilation surface during the period of mass fruit formation. It is shown that the amount of nitrates in the fruits, regardless of the background of cultivation, does not exceed their maximum permissible concentration; in practice, the high yield of tomatoes Torch cultivar in the climatic conditions of Dagestan has been proved.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-97
H. Altshuler, G. Shkurenko, S. Lyrschikov
The possibility of the encapsulation of isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on the matrix of the sulfonated copolymer based on styrene and divinylbenzene (CU-2-4 sulfocationite) has been researched. The encapsulation of isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on polymer matrix was performed by ion-exchange sorption from aqueous solutions. CU-2-4 sulfocationite in hydrogen and isoquinoline forms was studied by NMR and Fourier IR spectroscopy. In the 13C NMR spectra of solid-state samples of the CU-2-4 cation exchanger in the isoquinoline form is observed additional resonance absorption band of 13C in the range of chemical shift 136 ppm, corresponding to the nodal carbon atom of the pyridine ring. The IR spectrum of the polymer containing the encapsulated isoquinoline be observed bands characteristic for skeletal vibrations in the area of isoquinoline fingerprints (1300-1600 cm-1) and the band of 938 cm-1 that corresponds to the deformation vibrations of the CH-group of pyridine ring, which is not in the spectrum of the H-form sulfocationite. The ion-exchange capacity of the nanocontainer based on СU-2-4 sulfocationite for isoquinoline was 5.5 meq/g. This corresponds to the content of ionogenic groups in the polymer. The dynamic ion-exchange capacity of sulfonated CU-2-4 cation exchanger during encapsulation of isoquinoline coincides with the ion-exchange capacity of sulfonated cation exchanger upon the release of isoquinoline from the polymer nanocontainer. The content of immobilized isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on the СU-2-4 matrix reaches 71 % by weight of the polymer. It is shown that isoquinoline is encapsulated and desorbed with the solution of hydrochloric acid at the same rate. Encapsulated isoquinoline is completely released from the polymer by desorption with the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The half-life during sorption and desorption (release) of isoquinoline is approximately 400 seconds. It is shown that the encapsulated isoquinoline to be completely released from the polymer by desorption with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The kinetics of the encapsulation and release of isoquinoline from the nanocontainer based on CU-2-4 sulfocationite is determined by its diffusion in the polymer phase.
{"title":"Encapsulation of isoquinoline in a polymer nanocontainer based on the CU-2-4 sulfocationite","authors":"H. Altshuler, G. Shkurenko, S. Lyrschikov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-97","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of the encapsulation of isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on the matrix of the sulfonated copolymer based on styrene and divinylbenzene (CU-2-4 sulfocationite) has been researched. The encapsulation of isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on polymer matrix was performed by ion-exchange sorption from aqueous solutions. CU-2-4 sulfocationite in hydrogen and isoquinoline forms was studied by NMR and Fourier IR spectroscopy. In the 13C NMR spectra of solid-state samples of the CU-2-4 cation exchanger in the isoquinoline form is observed additional resonance absorption band of 13C in the range of chemical shift 136 ppm, corresponding to the nodal carbon atom of the pyridine ring. The IR spectrum of the polymer containing the encapsulated isoquinoline be observed bands characteristic for skeletal vibrations in the area of isoquinoline fingerprints (1300-1600 cm-1) and the band of 938 cm-1 that corresponds to the deformation vibrations of the CH-group of pyridine ring, which is not in the spectrum of the H-form sulfocationite. The ion-exchange capacity of the nanocontainer based on СU-2-4 sulfocationite for isoquinoline was 5.5 meq/g. This corresponds to the content of ionogenic groups in the polymer. The dynamic ion-exchange capacity of sulfonated CU-2-4 cation exchanger during encapsulation of isoquinoline coincides with the ion-exchange capacity of sulfonated cation exchanger upon the release of isoquinoline from the polymer nanocontainer. The content of immobilized isoquinoline in the nanocontainer on the СU-2-4 matrix reaches 71 % by weight of the polymer. It is shown that isoquinoline is encapsulated and desorbed with the solution of hydrochloric acid at the same rate. Encapsulated isoquinoline is completely released from the polymer by desorption with the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The half-life during sorption and desorption (release) of isoquinoline is approximately 400 seconds. It is shown that the encapsulated isoquinoline to be completely released from the polymer by desorption with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The kinetics of the encapsulation and release of isoquinoline from the nanocontainer based on CU-2-4 sulfocationite is determined by its diffusion in the polymer phase.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88113584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-103
Alexey V. Klienkov, L. A. Petukhova, A. Petukhov
Molybdenum compounds are widely used as catalysts for various chemical reactions, such as: oxidation, epoxidation, hydrogenation, reduction, etc. In particular, molybdenum compounds are used as a catalyst in the epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide during the joint production of styrene and propylene oxide introduced into the industry as part of PJSC "Nizhnekamskneftekhim". We are working to verify the possibility of using glycol solutions, oxygen-containing inorganic compounds of molybdenum, such as molybdenum acid (MK), molybdenum anhydride (MA) and ammonium paramolybdate (PMA) as an epoxidation reaction catalyst. In the initial molybdenum compounds used to prepare the catalyst solutions, molybdenum is in the hexavalent state. The temperature treatment of these compounds in coordinating solvents, glycols, leads to their partial depolymerization and reduction to Mo(VI). Moreover, the more coordinating the solvent, the deeper these processes are flowed. There are reports in the literature on the study of various molybdenum compounds in aqueous media and crystalline state by IR spectroscopy and Raman scattering. It was found that the dissolution of MA, MK, and PMA in monoethylene glycol (MEG) is associated with the formation in the solution of compounds Mo(V), Mo(VI) of various molecular composition in the form of monomers, dimers, tetramers, and also in the form of the main components of hept- and octamers and higher molecular weight compounds. As the temperature rises, initially larger monomers of the octa- and hepta-form type transform into monomers of lower aggregation. All established patterns are analyzed by the example of PMA solutions in MEG.
{"title":"The study of molybdenum-containing solutions by IR spectroscopy","authors":"Alexey V. Klienkov, L. A. Petukhova, A. Petukhov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-2-103","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum compounds are widely used as catalysts for various chemical reactions, such as: oxidation, epoxidation, hydrogenation, reduction, etc. In particular, molybdenum compounds are used as a catalyst in the epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide during the joint production of styrene and propylene oxide introduced into the industry as part of PJSC \"Nizhnekamskneftekhim\". We are working to verify the possibility of using glycol solutions, oxygen-containing inorganic compounds of molybdenum, such as molybdenum acid (MK), molybdenum anhydride (MA) and ammonium paramolybdate (PMA) as an epoxidation reaction catalyst. In the initial molybdenum compounds used to prepare the catalyst solutions, molybdenum is in the hexavalent state. The temperature treatment of these compounds in coordinating solvents, glycols, leads to their partial depolymerization and reduction to Mo(VI). Moreover, the more coordinating the solvent, the deeper these processes are flowed. There are reports in the literature on the study of various molybdenum compounds in aqueous media and crystalline state by IR spectroscopy and Raman scattering. It was found that the dissolution of MA, MK, and PMA in monoethylene glycol (MEG) is associated with the formation in the solution of compounds Mo(V), Mo(VI) of various molecular composition in the form of monomers, dimers, tetramers, and also in the form of the main components of hept- and octamers and higher molecular weight compounds. As the temperature rises, initially larger monomers of the octa- and hepta-form type transform into monomers of lower aggregation. All established patterns are analyzed by the example of PMA solutions in MEG.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-104
S. Gromova, S. A. Kuklina, A. Elikov, O. Smetanina, Sergey B. Petrov
In this paper we consider buffering properties of saliva, which are regulated by a colloidal system. It includes Ca2+ and НPO42- ions, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. The constancy of the pH determines neutralizing and mineralizing capabilities of saliva. The aim of this work was to define influence of toothpaste composition on the pH, salivary buffer systems, and the acid-base balance in the oral cavity. The acid-base disruption results in disbalance in demineralization-remineralization processes. Students of the Dentistry Department of Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia took part in this research. They were divided into three groups. Each group had been using different products for 28 days. We selected 3 toothpastes of the same manufacturer. These toothpastes contain same ingredients, which by their chemical properties are not able to affect on the pH of the oral fluid and salivary buffer systems accordingly. However, there were distinctive components such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, calcium lactate, which increase НРО42- and Ca2+. This fact has a positive effect on maintaining fixity of the phosphate buffer system in the oral cavity. It therefore helps to normalize the pH to a neutral level. The acid-base equilibrium is supported by buffering properties of saliva. It knows that saliva is regulated by the colloidal system including Ca2+ and НPO42- ions. These ions are part of the phosphate buffer system, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. Based on the above, there is dependence between the row of toothpaste ingredients and protein level, hydrogen phosphate ions, calcium ions, and pH values.
{"title":"Influence of chemical composition of the dental paste on the buffering systems in the mouth and the environmental indicator","authors":"S. Gromova, S. A. Kuklina, A. Elikov, O. Smetanina, Sergey B. Petrov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-104","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider buffering properties of saliva, which are regulated by a colloidal system. It includes Ca2+ and НPO42- ions, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. The constancy of the pH determines neutralizing and mineralizing capabilities of saliva. The aim of this work was to define influence of toothpaste composition on the pH, salivary buffer systems, and the acid-base balance in the oral cavity. The acid-base disruption results in disbalance in demineralization-remineralization processes. Students of the Dentistry Department of Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia took part in this research. They were divided into three groups. Each group had been using different products for 28 days. We selected 3 toothpastes of the same manufacturer. These toothpastes contain same ingredients, which by their chemical properties are not able to affect on the pH of the oral fluid and salivary buffer systems accordingly. However, there were distinctive components such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, calcium lactate, which increase НРО42- and Ca2+. This fact has a positive effect on maintaining fixity of the phosphate buffer system in the oral cavity. It therefore helps to normalize the pH to a neutral level. The acid-base equilibrium is supported by buffering properties of saliva. It knows that saliva is regulated by the colloidal system including Ca2+ and НPO42- ions. These ions are part of the phosphate buffer system, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. Based on the above, there is dependence between the row of toothpaste ingredients and protein level, hydrogen phosphate ions, calcium ions, and pH values.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78939005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-111
A. M. Ivanova, A. I. Ginak
A brief analysis of the metabolic flexibility and its role in human body was made. Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and mechanisms governing fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the metabolic inflexibility of obesity and diabetes. Monitoring is relevant because disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions and may underlie the epidemic changes in metabolic disease. The number of the blood ketones increases when the human body tries to adapt metabolism and aptly utilize moderate amounts fatty acids in case the glucose is shortage. Acetone is formed by the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid. Acetone cannot be used by the tissues. It appears in urine, sweat and exhaled air. The correlation between breath acetone and lipid oxidation was studied to ensure that the level buildup is associated with increased lipid oxidation. Breath acetone concentration is well understood to be a non-invasive measure of ketosis and more accurately reflects the rate of lipid oxidation than urine or sweat acetone concentrations. Due to the thin capillary wall, ventilation and gaseous metabolism contributes rapid transmission of short-term and minimum acetone concentration changes in tissues or blood-stream, that up regulates correlation of metabolic disorders and acetone concentration in exhaled air. Metabolic flexibility control method using the breath acetone is relevant and the future potential is attributed for personalized diagnostics, pre-diagnosis and therapeutic modalities correction is huge.
{"title":"Breath acetone as a potential marker of metabolic flexibility","authors":"A. M. Ivanova, A. I. Ginak","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-111","url":null,"abstract":"A brief analysis of the metabolic flexibility and its role in human body was made. Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and mechanisms governing fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the metabolic inflexibility of obesity and diabetes. Monitoring is relevant because disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions and may underlie the epidemic changes in metabolic disease. The number of the blood ketones increases when the human body tries to adapt metabolism and aptly utilize moderate amounts fatty acids in case the glucose is shortage. Acetone is formed by the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid. Acetone cannot be used by the tissues. It appears in urine, sweat and exhaled air. The correlation between breath acetone and lipid oxidation was studied to ensure that the level buildup is associated with increased lipid oxidation. Breath acetone concentration is well understood to be a non-invasive measure of ketosis and more accurately reflects the rate of lipid oxidation than urine or sweat acetone concentrations. Due to the thin capillary wall, ventilation and gaseous metabolism contributes rapid transmission of short-term and minimum acetone concentration changes in tissues or blood-stream, that up regulates correlation of metabolic disorders and acetone concentration in exhaled air. Metabolic flexibility control method using the breath acetone is relevant and the future potential is attributed for personalized diagnostics, pre-diagnosis and therapeutic modalities correction is huge.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83509459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-33
O. Karimov, G. Y. Kolchina, E. Movsumzade
In the framework of method of the B3LYP hybrid density functional and the restricted Hartree-Fock method in the basis of 6-311 (d, p), quantum-chemical calculations of model compounds of lignin, i.e. derivatives of p-hydroxycinnamic alcohol were carried out. The structures and reactivity of coumaric, coniferyl and synapol alcohols were studied. The structural units of lignin contain hydroxyl groups which can be in the plane of benzene ring but can be turned up to 90° with respect to this plane. In the case of methoxy groups which are also present in coniferol and synapol alcohols, the methyl group is turned to 90° with respect to the plane of ring, as the most favorable conformation. Moreover, these compounds contain π,π-conjugations of the aromatic ring with an aliphatic fragment of molecule that affects the geometric characteristics of the molecule. For coumaric and coniferyl alcohols, the Сар–Сα bond length is 1.47 Ǻ. A slight deformation of valence angles for coumaric and synapol alcohols equal to 118.94° and 117.72° respectively instead of 120° at sp2 hybridization indicates the availability of conjugation. The use of a charge as a descriptor of attack selectivity of nucleophilic and electrophilic particles allows us to analized of the reactivity of these acids are given. It is found that the electronic structure of lignin is determined primarily by the charge distribution in its structural phenylpropane unit. In the molecules of all model compounds of lignin, the center for nucleophilic attack is the carbon of aromatic ring (E-ring) with a hydroxyl group, and in the molecule of synapol alcohol, this center is also the carbon of the aromatic ring (E-ring) with a methoxy group. In all three compounds, a center with an increased electron density appears on the Сβ carbon atom.
{"title":"The study of the reactivity of derivatives of hydroxycinnamic alcohol as model compounds of lignin","authors":"O. Karimov, G. Y. Kolchina, E. Movsumzade","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-33","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of method of the B3LYP hybrid density functional and the restricted Hartree-Fock method in the basis of 6-311 (d, p), quantum-chemical calculations of model compounds of lignin, i.e. derivatives of p-hydroxycinnamic alcohol were carried out. The structures and reactivity of coumaric, coniferyl and synapol alcohols were studied. The structural units of lignin contain hydroxyl groups which can be in the plane of benzene ring but can be turned up to 90° with respect to this plane. In the case of methoxy groups which are also present in coniferol and synapol alcohols, the methyl group is turned to 90° with respect to the plane of ring, as the most favorable conformation. Moreover, these compounds contain π,π-conjugations of the aromatic ring with an aliphatic fragment of molecule that affects the geometric characteristics of the molecule. For coumaric and coniferyl alcohols, the Сар–Сα bond length is 1.47 Ǻ. A slight deformation of valence angles for coumaric and synapol alcohols equal to 118.94° and 117.72° respectively instead of 120° at sp2 hybridization indicates the availability of conjugation. The use of a charge as a descriptor of attack selectivity of nucleophilic and electrophilic particles allows us to analized of the reactivity of these acids are given. It is found that the electronic structure of lignin is determined primarily by the charge distribution in its structural phenylpropane unit. In the molecules of all model compounds of lignin, the center for nucleophilic attack is the carbon of aromatic ring (E-ring) with a hydroxyl group, and in the molecule of synapol alcohol, this center is also the carbon of the aromatic ring (E-ring) with a methoxy group. In all three compounds, a center with an increased electron density appears on the Сβ carbon atom.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-86
N. Shulaev, T. Shulaeva, S. Laponov
There is given in this thesis a general method of calculation of power consumption for emulgation in systems liquid-liquid in small-size mixing devices (rotor-pulsation apparatuses and rotor-disc mixers). This mixing devices, have shown a high efficiency at processing of liquid-liquid systems and are wide using chemical processes. The base of calculation method is an energy ratio to describe of developed turbulent motion, pulsation intensity of which is enough for create of dispersed particles of given size and concentration, which provide a necessary surface of phases contact. It is shown, that in determination of energy consumption it is need to take in account energy dissipation processes, due to viscous friction forces, which have a significant influence at high gradients of turbulent motion. There is obtained a ratio, which connects an angular velocity of rotor rotation of mixing device and a characterized size of dispersed phase particles.There is given an experimental dependencies of consumed power of rotor-disc mixers on rotor rotations number of mixing device and characterized sizes of dispersed particles for systems water-diesel fuel. It was determined, that are decreasing of dispersed particles sizes and in increasing of volumetric flow of processing mixture a value of consumed power increases, and it is related with by increase of energy consumption for creating of interphase surface. It was determined, that a power, consumed by rotor-disc mixer, for emulsion making with averaged dispersion size of particles at range 5-25 mkm, increases by increase of rotation numbers ~n0.37. Comparison of theoretical equations and experimental data have shown adequacy of supposed calculation method of energy consumption.
{"title":"Energy consumption of emulsification processes in small-sized mix apparatuses","authors":"N. Shulaev, T. Shulaeva, S. Laponov","doi":"10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/ROI-JBC-01/20-61-1-86","url":null,"abstract":"There is given in this thesis a general method of calculation of power consumption for emulgation in systems liquid-liquid in small-size mixing devices (rotor-pulsation apparatuses and rotor-disc mixers). This mixing devices, have shown a high efficiency at processing of liquid-liquid systems and are wide using chemical processes. The base of calculation method is an energy ratio to describe of developed turbulent motion, pulsation intensity of which is enough for create of dispersed particles of given size and concentration, which provide a necessary surface of phases contact. It is shown, that in determination of energy consumption it is need to take in account energy dissipation processes, due to viscous friction forces, which have a significant influence at high gradients of turbulent motion. There is obtained a ratio, which connects an angular velocity of rotor rotation of mixing device and a characterized size of dispersed phase particles.There is given an experimental dependencies of consumed power of rotor-disc mixers on rotor rotations number of mixing device and characterized sizes of dispersed particles for systems water-diesel fuel. It was determined, that are decreasing of dispersed particles sizes and in increasing of volumetric flow of processing mixture a value of consumed power increases, and it is related with by increase of energy consumption for creating of interphase surface. It was determined, that a power, consumed by rotor-disc mixer, for emulsion making with averaged dispersion size of particles at range 5-25 mkm, increases by increase of rotation numbers ~n0.37. Comparison of theoretical equations and experimental data have shown adequacy of supposed calculation method of energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76336160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-43
M. M. Dolomatova, M. Dolomatov, Rashid I. Hairudinov, I. R. Hairudinov, R. S. Manapov
Express determination of the properties of hydrocarbon fractions is of great practical importance for operational control of operating modes of various technological equipment in petrochemical and oil refining industries. Currently, complex equipment is required to determine the fractional composition of high-viscosity oils. Analysis of the fractional composition on this equipment is a long process and takes several hours. Therefore, to solve the problem of Express oil quality control, the task of finding ways to quickly determine the fractional composition is urgent. The purpose of this study is to study the possibility of fractional composition of high-viscosity oils by integral spectral descriptors of optical absorption. Processing of data on the fractional composition of oil fractions and optical spectra in the UV and visible ranges by the least squares method established a linear relationship between the temperature parameters (the boiling point and the boiling point) and the integral parameters (the integral forces of the oscillator) of the optical absorption spectra. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by statistical data processing. The correlation coefficients for the start and end boiling point are 0.97. The absolute error of the calculations is 11.24, the relative error is from 3.90 and 3.64, respectively. These values are within the experimental error, which indicates the adequacy of the calculated data.
{"title":"Predicting possibility of the fractional composition high-viscosity oils by the integral optical spectral characteristics","authors":"M. M. Dolomatova, M. Dolomatov, Rashid I. Hairudinov, I. R. Hairudinov, R. S. Manapov","doi":"10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-43","url":null,"abstract":"Express determination of the properties of hydrocarbon fractions is of great practical importance for operational control of operating modes of various technological equipment in petrochemical and oil refining industries. Currently, complex equipment is required to determine the fractional composition of high-viscosity oils. Analysis of the fractional composition on this equipment is a long process and takes several hours. Therefore, to solve the problem of Express oil quality control, the task of finding ways to quickly determine the fractional composition is urgent. The purpose of this study is to study the possibility of fractional composition of high-viscosity oils by integral spectral descriptors of optical absorption. Processing of data on the fractional composition of oil fractions and optical spectra in the UV and visible ranges by the least squares method established a linear relationship between the temperature parameters (the boiling point and the boiling point) and the integral parameters (the integral forces of the oscillator) of the optical absorption spectra. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by statistical data processing. The correlation coefficients for the start and end boiling point are 0.97. The absolute error of the calculations is 11.24, the relative error is from 3.90 and 3.64, respectively. These values are within the experimental error, which indicates the adequacy of the calculated data.","PeriodicalId":9405,"journal":{"name":"Butlerov Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86980953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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