Journal of Crohn's & colitis最新文献

Background and aims: Seven new advanced therapies, belonging to three new classes, have been approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) since 2021. We examined trends in utilization of advanced therapies in the USA since 2021.

Methods: Using de-identified electronic health record data from 71 US health systems, we examined quarterly trends in utilization of different advanced therapies in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease between 2021 and 2025, using interrupted time-series analysis utilizing Prais-Winsten regression.

Results: In 11 093 patients with ulcerative colitis treated with advanced therapies, we observed an increase in use of upadacitinib (12.1% in Q2/2025; P < .001, compared with first quarter of prescription), interleukin-23p19 (IL23p19) antagonists (5.5%; P = .03), and ustekinumab (9.5%; P = .04), decline in use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (34.5%; P = .003), and stable use of vedolizumab (33.6%; P = .17) and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulators (1.6%; P = .28). In 15 951 patients with Crohn's disease treated with advanced therapies, we observed an increase in use of IL23p19 antagonists (15.0% in Q1/2025; P = .003) and upadacitinib (5.9%; P < .001) and decline in use of TNF antagonists (50.2%; P = .001) and ustekinumab (13.5%; P < .001).

Conclusions: Contemporary trends in advanced therapy utilization in patients with IBD suggest an increased utilization of upadacitinib and anti-interleukins, accompanied by a decline in use of TNF antagonists in the USA.

Background and aims: The outcome of Crohn's Disease (CD) patients with entero-enteric anastomosis (EEA) after small bowel resection is undefined. The primary aim of the present case-control study was to compare the clinical recurrence rate within the first 5 years after surgery in CD patients with small bowel EEA (Cases) versus age-matched patients with ileo-colonic anastomosis (ICA, Controls).

Methods: All CD patients with EEA were matched for age at diagnosis (±5 years) and smoking habits with two Controls with ICA. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥18 years; (2) EEA or ICA for CD; (3) ≥5 years of follow-up after surgery. Exclusion criteria were: (1) missing data; (2) ostomy; (3) stricturoplasty.

Results: The study population included 51 CD patients with EEA and 102 matched Controls with ICA. During the first 5 years after surgery, clinical recurrence and CD-related hospitalizations were more frequent in Cases (34 [66.7%] vs 43 [42.2%], P = .007; 25 [49%] vs 23 [22.5%], P = .001). During the same period, use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressors, and biologics were also more frequent in Cases (26 [50.9%] vs 18 [17.6%], P < .0001; 21 [41.2%] vs 24 [23.5%], P = .03; 23 [45.1%] vs 15 [14.7%], P = .03). Survival time from clinical recurrence and hospitalization were shorter in Cases (2.36 [1.29-4.35], P = .003; 1.71 [1.06-2.77], P = 0.02). EEA and use of immunosuppressors before surgery were risk factors for clinical recurrence and CD-related hospitalization at 5 years (2.68 [1.11-6.45], P = .02; 2.61 [1.21-5.6], P = .01; 2.53 [1.05-6.09], P = .03; 2.44 [1.18-5], P = .01).

Conclusions: The clinical outcome is more severe in CD patients with EEA than in those with ICA, being associated with a higher rate of clinical recurrence and hospitalization after surgery.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may adversely affect the course and treatment outcomes of Crohn's disease (CD). However, data remain inconsistent.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of T2DM on clinical outcomes and advanced therapy use in patients with CD using real-world electronic health record data.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Adult patients with CD were stratified by the presence of T2DM. Propensity score matching was used to balance demographic and clinical characteristics. Primary outcomes included corticosteroid use, abdominal surgery, drug-related adverse events, and the initiation of advanced therapies. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of neoplasms and mental disorders. Time-to-event outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and hazard ratios.

Results: After matching, 7182 patients were included in each cohort. Corticosteroid use was higher in diabetic patients (61.6% vs 55.2%; P < .001), as were abdominal surgery (32.8% vs 31.1%; P = .010) and drug-related adverse events (4.3% vs 2.4%; P < .001). Use of anti-TNF (10.4% vs 12.2%; P < .001) and IL-23 inhibitors (4.6% vs 5.4%; P = .018) was lower in diabetic patients. Use of vedolizumab (2.4% vs 2.6%; P = .401) and JAK inhibitors (0.6% in both; P = .955) was similar. Neoplasm rates were comparable (3.5% vs 3.2%; P = .386), while mental disorders were more common in the diabetic cohort (51.5% vs 41.2%; P < .001).

Conclusions: Patients with CD and coexisting T2DM experience a more severe disease course yet appear to be undertreated with advanced therapies. These findings highlight the need for tailored, multidisciplinary management strategies in this high-risk population.

Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), remain heterogeneous disorders with variable response to biologics. Post-operative recurrence in CD is common despite surgery and prophylactic biotherapies. Understanding the inflammatory mediators associated with recurrence and treatment response could pave the way for personalized strategies.

Methods: We analyzed serum inflammatory protein signatures using proteomics in two prospective cohorts. The REMIND cohort included post-operative CD patients undergoing ileocecal resection with endoscopic assessment at 6 months (M6). Serum samples were collected at surgery and 6 months later. The ELYP cohort consisted of active IBD patients starting new biotherapies (anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF], ustekinumab, or vedolizumab). Serum samples were collected pre- and post-treatment (Weeks 14 and 52).

Results: In the REMIND cohort, proteomic analysis revealed elevated levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and MMP-10 in patients with recurrence, with concentrations associated with recurrence severity. Preoperative MMP-10 levels predicted severe recurrence (AUC = 0.70). Under biotherapies, treatment-specific proteins were associated with recurrence: CXCL9 for anti-TNF and OSM/TGFα modules for ustekinumab. In the ELYP cohort, IFN-γ and CXCL9 were significantly elevated in CD compared to UC and associated with disease activity. Early response to anti-TNF treatment (Week 14) was associated with reductions in CXCL9, MMP-10, and OSM, while deep remission (Week 52) correlated with decreases in CXCL9 and OSM.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal inflammatory blood proteomic signatures associated with post-operative recurrence and biologic treatment failure in IBD. Several key biomarkers were identified. These results support the rationale for personalized approaches, including combination therapies targeting multiple pathways.ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT02693340 and NCT02693340.

Background and aims: While this strategy is frequently used for other biologics, real-world evidence on subcutaneous (SC) vedolizumab (VDZ) dose intensification in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of SC VDZ intensification.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 25 centers including all patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) (defined by PRO2), and incomplete or loss of response to SC VDZ 108 mg every other week (EOW) when the drug was intensified. The primary outcome was steroid-free clinical response (SFCr) defined by at least 50% of PRO2 improvement, no treatment change, no surgery, and SC VDZ persistence at 3 months.

Results: Of the 154 included patients (66% UC, 34% CD), prior anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) exposure was reported in 85% of CD and 50% of UC patients. SC VDZ was intensified for an incomplete response in 73% of CD and 53% of UC patients, mostly at 108 mg weekly (95%). At 3 months, SFCr was achieved in 35% of CD and 43% of UC patients. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with response were secondary loss of response in CD, and prior anti-TNF exposure in UC. At 12 months, 51% of CD and 37% of UC patients maintained SC VDZ. Adverse events occurred in 10 patients including one severe pneumonia and one angioedema.

Conclusions: In this real-world study evaluating SC VDZ intensification, an SFCr was observed in at least one-third of IBD patients at 3 months, suggesting the benefit of this strategy in clinical practice.

Background and aims: We conducted a prospective study (FAVOUR) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) commencing vedolizumab to investigate fecal vedolizumab loss and its impact on serum levels and treatment outcomes.

Methods: FAVOUR recruited patients with moderate-to-severe UC commencing vedolizumab. Fecal vedolizumab levels (FVL) were measured at days 1, 4, and 7 and at weeks 2, 6, and 14. Trough serum vedolizumab levels (SVL) were measured at weeks 2, 6, and 14.

Results: In total, 36 patients were recruited, of whom 33 completed induction therapy. Fecal vedolizumab was detectable in 80/203 (39%) samples. Statistically significant, positive correlations were observed between FVL and clinical, biochemical, baseline endoscopic, and histologic disease activity at day 1, 4, and 7 as well as weeks 2 and 6. Week 14 clinical non-responders had higher FVL than responders at that timepoint (median 1.0 vs 0.0 µg/g, P = .004) but not at other timepoints. Area-under-the-curve analysis of FVL was used to quantify cumulative vedolizumab stool loss. This demonstrated significant differences between week 14 clinical responders and non-responders (44 µg/g/day, 95% CI: 0-128 vs 233 µg/g/day, 95% CI 0-1139, P < .0001), as well as between endoscopic responders and non-responders (48 µg/g/day, 95% CI 0-142 vs 179 µg/g/day, 95% CI 0-142, P = .0017), with non-responders having a higher rate of cumulative loss.

Conclusions: Active UC results in fecal loss of vedolizumab. This correlates with lower SVL and decreased response to treatment. Fecal loss of vedolizumab may be a marker of disease activity and/or result in lower rates of drug exposure at a tissue level, negatively impacting response.

Introduction: Clinicians have several imaging options to evaluate suspected or confirmed small bowel Crohn's disease (SB-CD), including computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), intestinal ultrasound (IUS), and video capsule endoscopy (VCE).

Methods: Direct head-to-head comparative analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted on all available modalities using a random effects model. Furthermore, each modality was ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve approach (P-score).

Results: The present review included 29 studies with a total population of 2609 individuals. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of SB-CD were 89.6%, 86.2%, and 71.5% for VCE; 82%, 71.6%, and 67.9% for MRE; 79.6%, 82.7%, and 52.3% for CTE; and 89.3%, 72%, and 71% for IUS, respectively. The network meta-analysis found that VCE exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CTE and MRE, while demonstrating comparable performance between VCE and IUS, as well as among MRE, CTE, and IUS. Further, the ranking analysis positioned VCE (P-score .97) as the most effective diagnostic modality for SB-CD, followed by IUS, MRE, and CTE. Subgroup analysis showed that VCE had significantly better diagnostic accuracy than the other modalities for detecting proximal SB-CD. Regarding adverse events, VCE was associated with capsule retention in 3.3% of the cases in these studies.

Conclusions: VCE exhibited superior diagnostic performance for detecting established proximal SB-CD compared to other imaging modalities. Clinicians should weigh the benefits and risks, and incorporate other modalities, such as MRE and IUS to optimize diagnosis and management.

Background and aims: Outcomes of patients admitted with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) in the post biologic era are under explored, as well as the ability of scoring indices to predict early steroid non-response.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults hospitalized with ASUC (2010-2022) at London Health Sciences Centre, Canada. Steroid response, need for rescue therapy, colectomy during index hospitalization, and colectomy and hospitalization at 3- and 12-months following discharge was assessed. Logistic regression identified predictors of steroid non-response, defined as need for rescue therapy or colectomy during hospitalization.

Results: Of 261 adults hospitalized with ASUC (male: 51.7%, mean age: 40.6 years), 71.2% had extensive colitis. After intravenous corticosteroid therapy during index admission, 55.7% (n = 147) had a response, 37.9% (n = 99) received rescue therapy (infliximab: 98, tofacitinib: 1, and cyclosporine: 0), and 8% (21/261) underwent colectomy. Additionally, 11.6% (28/240) of patients discharged from hospital underwent colectomy within the first 12 months (8.3% at 3-months and 3.3% between 3 and 12 months). There was no difference between steroid responders and non-responders for colectomy (11% vs 12.6%) or hospitalization (33.5% vs 32.6%) at 12 months. The overall cumulative probabilities of colectomy for the entire cohort at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 13.5%, 16.1%, and 17.4%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, Day 3 Oxford criteria was the only factor found to be statistically significant in predicting steroid non-response (odds ratio 4.70, 95%CI [1.06-20.80]).

Conclusions: Day 3 Oxford criteria was an independent predictor of steroid non-response. The risk of colectomy remains substantial after discharge despite low in-hospital colectomy rates following an episode of ASUC. Initial steroid response did not affect long-term colectomy rate at 12 months.

Background and aims: Intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease (CD) frequently leads to stricture formation, with current treatment options limited to endoscopic balloon dilation and surgery. This underscores the urgent need for anti-fibrotic therapies. Our objective was to identify therapeutic targets and compounds capable of reversing the fibrotic gene expression profile of mucosal fibroblasts in CD.

Methods: We derived a fibrotic gene signature via fibroblasts isolated from stricturing CD tissue and conducted a meta-regression analysis across three publicly available transcriptomic datasets, to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in fibrostenotic CD. Drug repurposing platforms (iLINCS, L1000, CLUE-io) were implemented to screen compounds with high druggability, for their potential to reverse this pro-fibrotic profile. Transcription factors, microRNAs, and drugs targeting the fibrostenotic signature were identified using the TRRUST, miRWalk, and DGIdb databases, ultimately forming a drug-gene interaction network. The STITCH platform was used to predict compound-protein binding affinities. Promising compounds were subsequently evaluated in vitro, using mucosal fibroblasts derived from fibrostenotic CD patients, and the effect on the expression of selected protein targets was measured via ELISA and immunofluorescence staining.

Results: The top upregulated DEGs included fibroblast activation protein (FAP), IL-7 receptor, and transcription factor AP-2 gamma. The drug-gene interaction network analysis identified IL-6 among the most druggable targets. Of 6783 pharmaceutical agents, PI3K inhibitors and histone deacetylase blockers were the most effective in reversing the fibrotic signature via a FAP- and IL-6-dependent mechanism.

Conclusion: This integrative approach identified potential anti-fibrotic compounds and molecular targets in CD-associated fibrostenosis, supporting future development of effective therapies.