Pub Date : 2024-09-15Epub Date: 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135405
Haomin Zhou, Jia Jia, Lu Tang, Dongsheng Shen, Lifang Hu, Yuyang Long
Landfill mining (LFM) has gained widespread recognition due to its benefits in terms of resource utilization of landfill waste and reuse of landfill sites. However, it is important to thoroughly assess the associated environmental risks. This study simulated the pressure release induced from LFM in small-scale batch anaerobic reactors subject to different initial pressures (0.2-0.6 MPa). The potential risk of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pollution resulting from pressure release caused by LFM was investigated. The results demonstrated that the concentration of H2S significantly increased following the simulated pressure treatments. At the low (25 °C) and high (50 °C) temperatures tested, the peak H2S concentration reached 19366 and 24794 mg·m-3, respectively. Both of these concentrations were observed under highest initial pressure condition (0.6 MPa). However, the duration of H2S release was remarkably longer (>90 days) at the low temperature tested. Microbial diversity analysis results revealed that, at tested low temperature, the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) communities of various pressure-bearing environments became phylogenetically similar following the pressure releases. In contrast, at the high temperature tested, specific SRB genera (Desulfitibacter and Candidatus Desulforudis) showed further enrichment. Moreover, the intensified sulfate reduction activity following pressure release was attributed to the enrichment of specific SRBs, including Desulfovibrio (ASV585 and ASV1417), Desulfofarcimen (ASV343), Candidatus Desulforudis (ASV24), and Desulfohalotomaculum (ASV506 and ASV2530). These results indicate that the pressure release associated with LFM significantly increases the amount of H2S released from landfills, and the SRB communities have different response mechanisms to pressure release at different temperature conditions. This study highlights the importance of considering the potential secondary environmental risks associated with LFM.
{"title":"Risk of hydrogen sulfide pollution from pressure release resulting from landfill mining.","authors":"Haomin Zhou, Jia Jia, Lu Tang, Dongsheng Shen, Lifang Hu, Yuyang Long","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Landfill mining (LFM) has gained widespread recognition due to its benefits in terms of resource utilization of landfill waste and reuse of landfill sites. However, it is important to thoroughly assess the associated environmental risks. This study simulated the pressure release induced from LFM in small-scale batch anaerobic reactors subject to different initial pressures (0.2-0.6 MPa). The potential risk of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) pollution resulting from pressure release caused by LFM was investigated. The results demonstrated that the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>S significantly increased following the simulated pressure treatments. At the low (25 °C) and high (50 °C) temperatures tested, the peak H<sub>2</sub>S concentration reached 19366 and 24794 mg·m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. Both of these concentrations were observed under highest initial pressure condition (0.6 MPa). However, the duration of H<sub>2</sub>S release was remarkably longer (>90 days) at the low temperature tested. Microbial diversity analysis results revealed that, at tested low temperature, the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) communities of various pressure-bearing environments became phylogenetically similar following the pressure releases. In contrast, at the high temperature tested, specific SRB genera (Desulfitibacter and Candidatus Desulforudis) showed further enrichment. Moreover, the intensified sulfate reduction activity following pressure release was attributed to the enrichment of specific SRBs, including Desulfovibrio (ASV585 and ASV1417), Desulfofarcimen (ASV343), Candidatus Desulforudis (ASV24), and Desulfohalotomaculum (ASV506 and ASV2530). These results indicate that the pressure release associated with LFM significantly increases the amount of H<sub>2</sub>S released from landfills, and the SRB communities have different response mechanisms to pressure release at different temperature conditions. This study highlights the importance of considering the potential secondary environmental risks associated with LFM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic esters (SEs), the widely used ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in sunscreen products, have been found to have health risks such as skin sensitization and estrogenic effects. This study aims to design SE substitutes that maintain high UV absorbance while reducing estrogenicity. Using molecular docking and Gaussian09 software for initial assessments and further application of a combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR, respectively) models, we designed 73 substitutes. The best-performing molecules, ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS)-5 and EHS-15, significantly reduced estrogenicity (44.54 % and 17.60 %, respectively) and enhanced UV absorbance (249.56 % and 46.94 %, respectively). Through screening for human health risks, we found that EHS-5 and EHS-15 were free from skin sensitivity and eye irritation and exhibited reduced skin permeability compared with EHS. Furthermore, the photolysis and synthetic pathways of EHS-5 and EHS-15 were deduced, demonstrating their good photodegradability and potential synthesizability. In addition, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the changes in estrogenic effects and UV absorption properties. We identified covalent hydrogen bond basicity and acidity Propgen value for atomic molecular properties and the highest occupied molecular orbital eigenvalue as the main factors affecting the estrogenic effect and UV absorbance of SEs, respectively. This study focuses on the design and screening of SEs, exhibiting enhanced functionality, reduced health risks, and synthetic feasibility.
{"title":"Reduced estrogenic risks of a sunscreen additive: Theoretical design and evaluation of functionally improved salicylates.","authors":"Yuhan Cui, Wei He, Zhonghe Wang, Hao Yang, Maosheng Zheng, Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salicylic esters (SEs), the widely used ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in sunscreen products, have been found to have health risks such as skin sensitization and estrogenic effects. This study aims to design SE substitutes that maintain high UV absorbance while reducing estrogenicity. Using molecular docking and Gaussian09 software for initial assessments and further application of a combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR, respectively) models, we designed 73 substitutes. The best-performing molecules, ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS)-5 and EHS-15, significantly reduced estrogenicity (44.54 % and 17.60 %, respectively) and enhanced UV absorbance (249.56 % and 46.94 %, respectively). Through screening for human health risks, we found that EHS-5 and EHS-15 were free from skin sensitivity and eye irritation and exhibited reduced skin permeability compared with EHS. Furthermore, the photolysis and synthetic pathways of EHS-5 and EHS-15 were deduced, demonstrating their good photodegradability and potential synthesizability. In addition, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the changes in estrogenic effects and UV absorption properties. We identified covalent hydrogen bond basicity and acidity Propgen value for atomic molecular properties and the highest occupied molecular orbital eigenvalue as the main factors affecting the estrogenic effect and UV absorbance of SEs, respectively. This study focuses on the design and screening of SEs, exhibiting enhanced functionality, reduced health risks, and synthetic feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135392
Shanshan Li, Yang Fei, Chen Wang, Jiajun Sun, Jiahui Liang, Yao Feng, Bing Yang, Meng Wang, Huading Shi, Shibao Chen
Iron (Fe) oxides have a strong adsorption affinity for Cd and organic carbon (SOC). However, under alternate wet-dry (IF) condition,the influences of Fe oxides on the speciation and disrtribution of Cd and SOC in soil aggregates are unkown. In the present study, soils untreated (S), removed (S-Fe) or added (S+Fe) Fe oxide soils were blended with cadmium chloride solution and cultivated for 56 days under different moisture management practices. Compared with the S-Fe soil, the IF treatment increased the contents of Fe oxide-bound SOC (Fe-OC) and Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd (Fe/Mn-Cd) by 18.5-29.8-fold and 1.45-2.45-fold, repectively, in the S and S+Fe soils, corresponding to a 36 %-42 % increase in the recalcitrant C pool (RCP) and a 53 %-87 % decrease in the exchangeable Cd content. These results could be attributed to soil particle aggregation and Fe redistribution. Fe addition promoted the transfer of Cd/SOC accumulated in microaggregates to macroaggregates and increased the variable negative charge content in macroaggregates and the adsorption capacity of macroaggregates for Cd/SOC. More Cd/SOC accumulated in macroaggregates in Fe oxide-bound form, which reduced the risk of Cd migration and Cd availability and increased the physical protection of SOC. Therefore, Fe oxide has great potential to simultaneously reduce carbon emissions and cadmium toxicity in paddy soil.
铁(Fe)氧化物对镉和有机碳(SOC)有很强的吸附亲和力。然而,在干湿交替(IF)条件下,铁氧化物对土壤团聚体中镉和有机碳的种类和分布的影响尚不清楚。本研究将未经处理(S)、去除(S-Fe)或添加(S+Fe)氧化铁的土壤与氯化镉溶液混合,并在不同的水分管理条件下栽培 56 天。与 S-Fe 土壤相比,IF 处理使 S 和 S+Fe 土壤中氧化铁结合的 SOC(Fe-OC)和氧化铁/氧化锰结合的 Cd(Fe/Mn-Cd)含量分别增加了 18.5-29.8 倍和 1.45-2.45 倍,相应地,再分解 C 池(RCP)增加了 36%-42%,可交换 Cd 含量减少了 53%-87%。这些结果可归因于土壤颗粒聚集和铁的重新分布。铁的加入促进了微团聚体中积累的 Cd/SOC 向大团聚体的转移,并增加了大团聚体中的可变负电荷含量和大团聚体对 Cd/SOC 的吸附能力。更多的 Cd/SOC 以氧化铁结合的形式积聚在大团聚体中,从而降低了 Cd 迁移的风险和 Cd 的可得性,增加了对 SOC 的物理保护。因此,氧化铁在同时减少稻田土壤中的碳排放和镉毒性方面具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Fe oxides simultaneously improve stability of Cd and carbon in paddy soil:The underlying influence at aggregate level.","authors":"Shanshan Li, Yang Fei, Chen Wang, Jiajun Sun, Jiahui Liang, Yao Feng, Bing Yang, Meng Wang, Huading Shi, Shibao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe) oxides have a strong adsorption affinity for Cd and organic carbon (SOC). However, under alternate wet-dry (IF) condition,the influences of Fe oxides on the speciation and disrtribution of Cd and SOC in soil aggregates are unkown. In the present study, soils untreated (S), removed (S-Fe) or added (S+Fe) Fe oxide soils were blended with cadmium chloride solution and cultivated for 56 days under different moisture management practices. Compared with the S-Fe soil, the IF treatment increased the contents of Fe oxide-bound SOC (Fe-OC) and Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd (Fe/Mn-Cd) by 18.5-29.8-fold and 1.45-2.45-fold, repectively, in the S and S+Fe soils, corresponding to a 36 %-42 % increase in the recalcitrant C pool (RCP) and a 53 %-87 % decrease in the exchangeable Cd content. These results could be attributed to soil particle aggregation and Fe redistribution. Fe addition promoted the transfer of Cd/SOC accumulated in microaggregates to macroaggregates and increased the variable negative charge content in macroaggregates and the adsorption capacity of macroaggregates for Cd/SOC. More Cd/SOC accumulated in macroaggregates in Fe oxide-bound form, which reduced the risk of Cd migration and Cd availability and increased the physical protection of SOC. Therefore, Fe oxide has great potential to simultaneously reduce carbon emissions and cadmium toxicity in paddy soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135387
Xiaochen Wang, Yuan Qian, Yu Wang, Sijie Wang, Jie Bi, Chenwei Shi, Qian Han, Ruijun Wan-Yan, Qiaoling Yu, Huan Li
Urban parks play a significant role in urban ecosystems and are strongly associated with human health. Nevertheless, the biological contamination of urban parks - opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) - has been poorly reported. Here, metagenomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing methods were used to study the distribution and assembly of opportunistic pathogens and ARGs in soil and water from nine parks in Lanzhou city, and further compared them with local human gut microbiomes to investigate the potential transmission risk. Our results revealed that the most important type of drug resistance in urban parks was multidrug resistance, with various resistance mechanisms. Approximately half of ARGs were shared between human gut and park environment, and it was noteworthy that cross-species transmission might exist among some high-risk ARGs, such as mepA and mdtE, with a significant enrichment in human gut. Metagenomic binning uncovered several bacterial genomes carrying adjacent ARGs, MGEs, and virulence genes, indicating a possibility that these genes may jointly transfer among different environments, particularly from park environment to human. Our results provided a reference point for the management of environmental pollutants in urban parks.
城市公园在城市生态系统中发挥着重要作用,并与人类健康密切相关。然而,城市公园的生物污染--机会性病原体和抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)--却鲜有报道。本文采用元基因组学和16 S rRNA测序方法研究了兰州市9个公园土壤和水体中机会性病原体和ARGs的分布和组合,并进一步将其与当地人体肠道微生物组进行比较,以调查潜在的传播风险。我们的研究结果表明,城市公园中最重要的耐药类型是多重耐药,耐药机制多种多样。值得注意的是,一些高风险的ARGs(如mepA和mdtE)可能存在跨物种传播,而这些ARGs在人类肠道中有显著的富集。元基因组分选发现了几个携带相邻ARGs、MGEs和毒力基因的细菌基因组,这表明这些基因有可能在不同环境中联合转移,特别是从公园环境转移到人类环境。我们的研究结果为城市公园环境污染物的管理提供了一个参考点。
{"title":"Metagenomics reveals the potential transmission risk of resistomes from urban park environment to human.","authors":"Xiaochen Wang, Yuan Qian, Yu Wang, Sijie Wang, Jie Bi, Chenwei Shi, Qian Han, Ruijun Wan-Yan, Qiaoling Yu, Huan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban parks play a significant role in urban ecosystems and are strongly associated with human health. Nevertheless, the biological contamination of urban parks - opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) - has been poorly reported. Here, metagenomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing methods were used to study the distribution and assembly of opportunistic pathogens and ARGs in soil and water from nine parks in Lanzhou city, and further compared them with local human gut microbiomes to investigate the potential transmission risk. Our results revealed that the most important type of drug resistance in urban parks was multidrug resistance, with various resistance mechanisms. Approximately half of ARGs were shared between human gut and park environment, and it was noteworthy that cross-species transmission might exist among some high-risk ARGs, such as mepA and mdtE, with a significant enrichment in human gut. Metagenomic binning uncovered several bacterial genomes carrying adjacent ARGs, MGEs, and virulence genes, indicating a possibility that these genes may jointly transfer among different environments, particularly from park environment to human. Our results provided a reference point for the management of environmental pollutants in urban parks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The occurrence of chromium picolinate (Cr(pic)3) in environment has attracted raising concerns on its fate and the associated risks. Herein, the photoinduced oxidation of Cr(pic)3 in the presence of ferric ions (Fe(III)) under simulated sunlight and natural solar light irradiation were investigated. Cr(pic)3 was stable under dark or without Fe(III). 87.9 % of Cr(pic)3 (C0 = 1.0 μM) was degraded in the presence of 50 μM Fe(III) after 90 min simulated sunlight irradiation at initial pH of 4.0. •OH was the main cause for Cr(pic)3 oxidation, it attacked the chromium center to generate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and picolinic acid (k = 5.9 ×108 M-1·s-1). Picolinic acid could be further oxidized to NH4+ and small organics. Relative higher Fe(III) content (25 - 75 μM) and Cr(pic)3 concentration (0.5 - 2.0 μM) promoted both of Cr(pic)3 degradation and Cr(VI) accumulation. While, the degradation of Cr(pic)3 decreased with pH at the range of 3.0 - 8.0, more Cr(VI) was accumulated at pH 5.0 and 6.0. The co-existence of inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river water inhibited Cr(pic)3 oxidation by scavenging the •OH formed and shielding the light. 8.0 - 16.7 μg/L of Cr(VI) was accumulated after 9.0 h simulated sunlight irradiation of Cr(pic)3 in river water matrix ([Fe(III)]0 = 50 - 100 μM). The generation of Cr(VI) under solar light was slower than that under simulated sunlight due to the weaker light intensity (43.2 - 85.0 mW/cm2 vs. 750 - 1300 mW/cm2). These results consistently suggest photoinduced oxidation of Cr(pic)3 in environment generates the toxic Cr(VI), which deserves significant attention.
{"title":"Photoinduced oxidation of chromium picolinate to hexavalent chromium in the presence of ferric ions.","authors":"Xiaoqing Yuan, Zhuo Chen, Shuang Luo, Xiaoyan Xu, Yijun Guo, Yiqing Lin, Xiande Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of chromium picolinate (Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub>) in environment has attracted raising concerns on its fate and the associated risks. Herein, the photoinduced oxidation of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> in the presence of ferric ions (Fe(III)) under simulated sunlight and natural solar light irradiation were investigated. Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> was stable under dark or without Fe(III). 87.9 % of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> (C<sub>0</sub> = 1.0 μM) was degraded in the presence of 50 μM Fe(III) after 90 min simulated sunlight irradiation at initial pH of 4.0. •OH was the main cause for Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> oxidation, it attacked the chromium center to generate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and picolinic acid (k = 5.9 ×10<sup>8</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>). Picolinic acid could be further oxidized to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and small organics. Relative higher Fe(III) content (25 - 75 μM) and Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> concentration (0.5 - 2.0 μM) promoted both of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> degradation and Cr(VI) accumulation. While, the degradation of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> decreased with pH at the range of 3.0 - 8.0, more Cr(VI) was accumulated at pH 5.0 and 6.0. The co-existence of inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river water inhibited Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> oxidation by scavenging the •OH formed and shielding the light. 8.0 - 16.7 μg/L of Cr(VI) was accumulated after 9.0 h simulated sunlight irradiation of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> in river water matrix ([Fe(III)]<sub>0</sub> = 50 - 100 μM). The generation of Cr(VI) under solar light was slower than that under simulated sunlight due to the weaker light intensity (43.2 - 85.0 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> vs. 750 - 1300 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). These results consistently suggest photoinduced oxidation of Cr(pic)<sub>3</sub> in environment generates the toxic Cr(VI), which deserves significant attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15Epub Date: 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135373
Yinshuai Feng, Yu Feng, Yifan Fan, Jian Ge
Face-to-face meetings on a conference table are a frequent form of communication. The short-range exposure risk of aerosol disease transmission is high in the scenario of susceptible facing the infectious person over the table. We propose a mitigation methodology using the air curtain to reduce direct exposure to virus-laden aerosols. A numerical model was validated with experimental data to simulate the dispersion of aerosols. A dynamic mesh was adopted to consider the head movement of a 3D thermal manikin model. Results show that nodding head increase the potential risk by 74 % compared to motionless. Subsequently, for a single air curtain, placing it in the middle of the table is more effective in preventing risks than on the sides. For double air curtains, increasing the distance between them has a greater risk reduction effect than a shorter distance. Increasing the air velocity or width is more effective than increasing the number of air curtains. A moderate velocity (1 m s-1) works well to reduce the risk of nasal breathing. A higher velocity (2 m s-1) is needed for the coughing scenario. For similar indoor environments, the air curtains on the table can offer active precautions without changing the current ventilation system.
在会议桌上面对面开会是一种常见的交流方式。在易感人群面对会议桌上的感染者的情况下,气溶胶传播疾病的短距离暴露风险很高。我们提出了一种利用空气幕减少直接接触带病毒气溶胶的缓解方法。我们利用实验数据验证了模拟气溶胶扩散的数值模型。采用动态网格来考虑三维热敏人体模型的头部运动。结果表明,点头比不动增加了 74% 的潜在风险。因此,对于单层气帘而言,将其放置在桌子中间比放置在两侧更能有效地防止风险。对于双层气帘,增加气帘之间的距离比缩短距离更能降低风险。增加气流速度或宽度比增加气幕数量更有效。中等速度(1 米/秒-1)可有效降低鼻腔呼吸的风险。咳嗽情况下需要更高的风速(2 m s-1)。对于类似的室内环境,桌面上的气帘可以在不改变现有通风系统的情况下提供积极的预防措施。
{"title":"Effects of table based air curtains on respiratory aerosol exposure risk mitigation at face-to-face meeting setups.","authors":"Yinshuai Feng, Yu Feng, Yifan Fan, Jian Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Face-to-face meetings on a conference table are a frequent form of communication. The short-range exposure risk of aerosol disease transmission is high in the scenario of susceptible facing the infectious person over the table. We propose a mitigation methodology using the air curtain to reduce direct exposure to virus-laden aerosols. A numerical model was validated with experimental data to simulate the dispersion of aerosols. A dynamic mesh was adopted to consider the head movement of a 3D thermal manikin model. Results show that nodding head increase the potential risk by 74 % compared to motionless. Subsequently, for a single air curtain, placing it in the middle of the table is more effective in preventing risks than on the sides. For double air curtains, increasing the distance between them has a greater risk reduction effect than a shorter distance. Increasing the air velocity or width is more effective than increasing the number of air curtains. A moderate velocity (1 m s<sup>-1</sup>) works well to reduce the risk of nasal breathing. A higher velocity (2 m s<sup>-1</sup>) is needed for the coughing scenario. For similar indoor environments, the air curtains on the table can offer active precautions without changing the current ventilation system.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tris (2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), a novel organic phosphorus flame retardant (OPFR), has been found to have estrogenic activity. Estrogens are critical in regulating various biological responses during liver development. However, the effects of TDMPP on zebrafish liver development remain largely unexplored. Here, we utilized a chemical genetic screening approach to assess the estrogenic effects of TDMPP on liver development and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Our findings revealed that zebrafish larvae exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TDMPP (0.05 and 0.5 μM) exhibited concentration-dependent liver impairments, including reduced liver size, histopathological changes, and hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, E2 caused similar adverse effects to TDMPP, but the pharmacological blockade of estrogen synthesis alleviated the effects on liver development. Chemical inhibitors and morpholino knockdown assays indicated that the reduction of esr2a blocked TDMPP-induced liver impairments, which was further confirmed in the esr2a-/- mutant line. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis showed that the estrogen receptor activated by TDMPP inhibited the expression of smc2, which was linked to the suppression of liver development through p53 activation. Consistently, overexpression of smc2 and inhibition of p53 evidently rescued hepatic damages induced by TDMPP. Taken together, the above findings identified esr2a, downstream smc2, and p53 as important regulators for the estrogenic effects of TDMPP on liver development. Our work fills crucial gaps in the current knowledge of TDMPP's hepatotoxicity, providing new insights into the adverse effects of TDMPP and the molecular mechanisms of action. These findings underscore the need for further ecological risk assessment and regulatory considerations.
{"title":"TDMPP activation of estrogen receptor 2a regulates smc2 and p53 signaling to interfere with liver development in zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"Keying Li, Zhipeng Qi, Zhuoyi Xie, Wei Li, Xinxin Yang, Yue Zhai, Xiaomai Zhou, Xunwei Xie, Weiyi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tris (2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), a novel organic phosphorus flame retardant (OPFR), has been found to have estrogenic activity. Estrogens are critical in regulating various biological responses during liver development. However, the effects of TDMPP on zebrafish liver development remain largely unexplored. Here, we utilized a chemical genetic screening approach to assess the estrogenic effects of TDMPP on liver development and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Our findings revealed that zebrafish larvae exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TDMPP (0.05 and 0.5 μM) exhibited concentration-dependent liver impairments, including reduced liver size, histopathological changes, and hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, E2 caused similar adverse effects to TDMPP, but the pharmacological blockade of estrogen synthesis alleviated the effects on liver development. Chemical inhibitors and morpholino knockdown assays indicated that the reduction of esr2a blocked TDMPP-induced liver impairments, which was further confirmed in the esr2a-/- mutant line. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis showed that the estrogen receptor activated by TDMPP inhibited the expression of smc2, which was linked to the suppression of liver development through p53 activation. Consistently, overexpression of smc2 and inhibition of p53 evidently rescued hepatic damages induced by TDMPP. Taken together, the above findings identified esr2a, downstream smc2, and p53 as important regulators for the estrogenic effects of TDMPP on liver development. Our work fills crucial gaps in the current knowledge of TDMPP's hepatotoxicity, providing new insights into the adverse effects of TDMPP and the molecular mechanisms of action. These findings underscore the need for further ecological risk assessment and regulatory considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infection with smut fungus like Ustilago maydis decreases crop yield via inducing gall formation. However, the in vitro impact of Ustilago spp. on plant growth and stress tolerance remains elusive. This study investigated the plant growth promotion and cadmium stress mitigation mechanisms of a filamentous fungus discovered on a cultural medium containing 25 μM CdCl2. ITS sequence alignment revealed 98.7 % similarity with Ustilago bromivora, naming the strain Ustilago sp. HFJ311 (HFJ311). Co-cultivation with HFJ311 significantly enhanced the growth of various plants, including Arabidopsis, tobacco, cabbage, carrot, rice, and maize, and improved Arabidopsis tolerance to abiotic stresses like salt and metal ions. HFJ311 increased chlorophyll and Fe contents in Arabidopsis shoots and enhanced root-to-shoot Fe translocation while decreasing root Fe concentration by approximately 70 %. Concurrently, HFJ311 reduced Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis by about 60 %, indicating its potential for bioremediation in Cd-contaminated soils. Additionally, HFJ311 stimulated IAA concentration by upregulating auxin biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the Fe transporter IRT1 negated HFJ311's growth-promotion effects under Cd stress. These results suggest that HFJ311 stimulates plant growth and inhibits Cd uptake by enhancing Fe translocation and auxin biosynthesis while disrupting Fe absorption. Our findings offer a promising bioremediation strategy for sustainable agriculture and food security.
{"title":"The monokaryotic filamentous fungus Ustilago sp. HFJ311 promotes plant growth and reduces Cd accumulation by enhancing Fe transportation and auxin biosynthesis.","authors":"Shengwang Wang, Xiaofan Na, Meiyun Pu, Yanfang Song, Junjie Li, Kaile Li, Zhenyu Cheng, Xiaoqi He, Chuanji Zhang, Cuifang Liang, Xiaomin Wang, Yurong Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with smut fungus like Ustilago maydis decreases crop yield via inducing gall formation. However, the in vitro impact of Ustilago spp. on plant growth and stress tolerance remains elusive. This study investigated the plant growth promotion and cadmium stress mitigation mechanisms of a filamentous fungus discovered on a cultural medium containing 25 μM CdCl<sub>2</sub>. ITS sequence alignment revealed 98.7 % similarity with Ustilago bromivora, naming the strain Ustilago sp. HFJ311 (HFJ311). Co-cultivation with HFJ311 significantly enhanced the growth of various plants, including Arabidopsis, tobacco, cabbage, carrot, rice, and maize, and improved Arabidopsis tolerance to abiotic stresses like salt and metal ions. HFJ311 increased chlorophyll and Fe contents in Arabidopsis shoots and enhanced root-to-shoot Fe translocation while decreasing root Fe concentration by approximately 70 %. Concurrently, HFJ311 reduced Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis by about 60 %, indicating its potential for bioremediation in Cd-contaminated soils. Additionally, HFJ311 stimulated IAA concentration by upregulating auxin biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of the Fe transporter IRT1 negated HFJ311's growth-promotion effects under Cd stress. These results suggest that HFJ311 stimulates plant growth and inhibits Cd uptake by enhancing Fe translocation and auxin biosynthesis while disrupting Fe absorption. Our findings offer a promising bioremediation strategy for sustainable agriculture and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The excessive accumulation of Cd and Zn in soil poisons crops and threatens food safety. In this study, KMnO4-hematite modified biochar (MnFeB) was developed and applied to remediate weakly alkaline Cd-Zn contaminated soil, and the heavy metal immobilization effect, plant growth, and metal ion uptake of foxtail millet were studied. MnFeB application reduced the phytotoxicity of soil heavy metals; bioavailable acid-soluble Cd and Zn were reduced by 57.79% and 35.64%, respectively, whereas stable, non-bioavailable, residual Cd and Zn increased by 96.44% and 32.08%, respectively. The chlorophyll and total protein contents and the superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity were enhanced, whereas proline, malondialdehyde, the H2O2 content, glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were reduced. Accordingly, the expressions of GR, APX, and CAT were downregulated, whereas the expression of MnSOD was upregulated. In addition, MnFeB promoted the net photosynthetic rate and growth of foxtail millet plants. Furthermore, MnFeB reduced the levels of Cd and Zn in the stems, leaves, and grains, decreased the bioconcentration factor of Cd and Zn in shoots, and weakened the translocation of Cd and Zn from roots to shoots. Precipitation, complexation, oxidation-reduction, ion exchange, and π-π stacking interaction were the main Cd and Zn immobilization mechanisms, and MnFeB reduced the soil bacterial community diversity and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota. This study provides a feasible and effective remediation material for Cd- and Zn-contaminated soils.
{"title":"Biochar with KMnO<sub>4</sub>-hematite modification promoted foxtail millet growth by alleviating soil Cd and Zn biotoxicity.","authors":"Xirui Kang, Na Geng, Yaping Li, Wei He, Hui Wang, Hong Pan, Quangang Yang, Zhongchen Yang, Yajie Sun, Yanhong Lou, Yuping Zhuge","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The excessive accumulation of Cd and Zn in soil poisons crops and threatens food safety. In this study, KMnO<sub>4</sub>-hematite modified biochar (MnFeB) was developed and applied to remediate weakly alkaline Cd-Zn contaminated soil, and the heavy metal immobilization effect, plant growth, and metal ion uptake of foxtail millet were studied. MnFeB application reduced the phytotoxicity of soil heavy metals; bioavailable acid-soluble Cd and Zn were reduced by 57.79% and 35.64%, respectively, whereas stable, non-bioavailable, residual Cd and Zn increased by 96.44% and 32.08%, respectively. The chlorophyll and total protein contents and the superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity were enhanced, whereas proline, malondialdehyde, the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content, glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were reduced. Accordingly, the expressions of GR, APX, and CAT were downregulated, whereas the expression of MnSOD was upregulated. In addition, MnFeB promoted the net photosynthetic rate and growth of foxtail millet plants. Furthermore, MnFeB reduced the levels of Cd and Zn in the stems, leaves, and grains, decreased the bioconcentration factor of Cd and Zn in shoots, and weakened the translocation of Cd and Zn from roots to shoots. Precipitation, complexation, oxidation-reduction, ion exchange, and π-π stacking interaction were the main Cd and Zn immobilization mechanisms, and MnFeB reduced the soil bacterial community diversity and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota. This study provides a feasible and effective remediation material for Cd- and Zn-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15Epub Date: 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135370
Jing Wang, Dian Jiao, Siliang Yuan, Han Chen, Jingcheng Dai, Xin Wang, Yao Guo, Dongru Qiu
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants and a common toxic pollutant in wastewater. This study employed high throughput sequencing to explore the microbial community structure within activated sludge exposed to a high concentration of LAS. Genera such as Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Thauera and Klebsiella exhibited a significant positive correlation with LAS concentrations. Furthermore, Comamonas and Klebsiella were significantly enriched under the stress of LAS. Moreover, bacterial strains with LAS-degrading capability were isolated and characterized to elucidate the degradation pathways. The Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate L1 could effectively transform more than 60 % of 25 mg/L of LAS within 72 h. Chemical analyses revealed that L1 utilized the LAS sulfonyl group as a sulfur source to support its growth. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that strain L1 may uptake LAS through the sulfate ABC transport system and remove sulfonate with sulfate and sulfite reductases.
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)是使用最广泛的阴离子表面活性剂之一,也是废水中常见的有毒污染物。本研究采用高通量测序技术来探索暴露于高浓度 LAS 的活性污泥中的微生物群落结构。假单胞菌、气单胞菌、Thauera 和克雷伯氏菌等菌属与 LAS 浓度呈显著正相关。此外,在 LAS 的压力下,科莫纳斯菌和克雷伯氏菌的数量明显增加。此外,还分离并鉴定了具有降解 LAS 能力的细菌菌株,以阐明其降解途径。化学分析显示,L1 利用 LAS 磺酰基作为硫源支持其生长。基因组和转录组分析表明,菌株 L1 可通过硫酸盐 ABC 转运系统吸收 LAS,并利用硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐还原酶去除磺酸盐。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of microbial community under acclimation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactants and degradation mechanisms of functional strains.","authors":"Jing Wang, Dian Jiao, Siliang Yuan, Han Chen, Jingcheng Dai, Xin Wang, Yao Guo, Dongru Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants and a common toxic pollutant in wastewater. This study employed high throughput sequencing to explore the microbial community structure within activated sludge exposed to a high concentration of LAS. Genera such as Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Thauera and Klebsiella exhibited a significant positive correlation with LAS concentrations. Furthermore, Comamonas and Klebsiella were significantly enriched under the stress of LAS. Moreover, bacterial strains with LAS-degrading capability were isolated and characterized to elucidate the degradation pathways. The Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate L1 could effectively transform more than 60 % of 25 mg/L of LAS within 72 h. Chemical analyses revealed that L1 utilized the LAS sulfonyl group as a sulfur source to support its growth. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that strain L1 may uptake LAS through the sulfate ABC transport system and remove sulfonate with sulfate and sulfite reductases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}