Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene最新文献

Purpose: To review, identify and disclose predictive and hindering factors of critical care nurse well-being in the COVID-19 era.

Design: Systematic review protocol based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines.

Review methods: All quantitative primary studies focused on factors influencing the well-being of critical care nurses and the relationships among these factors will be included. Based on the review question, six databases will be searched: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web on Science, PsycINFO. Time limits will be set according to the COVID-19 pandemic era. To establish the quality of studies JBI tools will be used. Where possible, data will be summarised quantitatively through meta-analysis.

Expected results: We anticipate that this systematic review will provide an overview of the factors that impacted the professional well-being of critical care nurses during the pandemic period from COVID-19.

Conclusions: This study will be the first to reveal factors that impact intensive care nurses' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Furthermore, it will provide updated and valid evidence of which factors should be considered predictive of intensive care nurses' well-being and which hinder it.

Implication for the profession: Enhancing the professional well-being of nurses is crucial in addressing the growing trend of their intention to leave the profession. Understanding the factors that positively or negatively impact the well-being of critical care nurses during the pandemic is key to developing effective retention strategies within the nursing field. The results of the review will support managers and leaders in direct health policies toward the implementation of interventions to promote the well-being of healthcare workers and to contrast the intention to leave.

Introduction: Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones which rely on sufficient levels of iodine. Iodine deficiency (ID) gives rise to various diseases. This is the first study presenting the epidemiology of ID in the Iranian population from 1992 to 2019.

Methods: This study was performed based on the analysis of global burden of disease (GBD) study data. Epidemiological indices including prevalence, incidence, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were compared in all provinces located in Iran between 1992 and 2019.

Results: The studies' collective conclusions showed that Iran's age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for iodine deficiency dropped from 14.76 to 5.92. Additionally, the ASDR for Iodine Deficiency is clearly trending lower for all provinces. The ASDR for iodine deficiency peaked in 1990 in middle-aged people of both sexes. But later in the year, the pattern changed, with males and older age groups in particular reporting a larger ASDR of iodine deficiency.

Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the burden of iodine deficiency disorder has decreased in different provinces, all age and, males, but some provinces and groups still need more regulations to reduce the burden of iodine deficiency.

Background: Decayed Missing Filled Index is the universal index of choice to record dental caries however, it is unable to estimate the severity of dental caries. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and treatment (CAST) Index is a new index which can be used to distinguish the intensity of caries.

Aim: To ascertain dental caries using CAST index and to compare the association of CAST index with DMF Index values attained using CAST index in adults.

Materials and methods: The cross-sectional survey recorded dental caries using CAST index in adults. 30.6% of adults experienced tooth loss and 32.3% recorded caries lesion advancing to dentin. 29.5% of adults had lesion attacking pulp but the gender predilection was insignificant. Caries severity in adults worsened with increasing age with significant association (p < 0.00). Scarcely 7.3% had undergone restorative care owing to dental caries.

Conclusions: The CAST index provides all-inclusive knowledge with regard to caries severity and transient shift in oral health in adults.

Non-motor symptomatology in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to patients' quality of life (QoL). The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NNMS) assesses QoL by investigating numerous domains including nutritional status, which is represented by domain 6. Patients with PD commonly suffer from dysphagia, and consequently malnutrition, leading to sarcopenia and increasing motor deficits in relation to loss of muscle mass and energy deficit. The impact of dysphagia on PD patients' health status, makes it necessary to study the effectiveness of specific nutritional programs in addressing feeding needs, with the goal to improve clinical outcomes and the patient's perception of their QoL. The 'Weancare' Program was trialed on an 84-year-old PD patient suffering from dysphagia and the Tower of Pisa Syndrome. The first assessment of the patient showed an early overall deteriorating condition, particularly under a nutritional point of view. The patient was assessed before and after the intervention considering serological tests, and the QoL through the New Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NNMS). We found a beneficial impact of the 'Weancare' program on the patient significantly improving the non-motor symptomatology and QoL and the investigated outcomes, enhancing a better subjective experience of mealtime lived by the patient.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This disease is the fourth most common malignancy in Iran. Since knowing the trend of this cancer is necessary for planning; this study aimed to compare the trend of colorectal cancer before and after implementing the Population-Based National Cancer Registry.

Methods: In this time series analysis using secondary data, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was used to predict the future trend. An Interrupted Time Series (ITS) regression model was also used to compare the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer before and after the setting up of the Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry (INPCR).

Results: Among Iranian men, an increasing trend in the incidence (from 16.8 in 2019 to 19.5 per 100,000 in 2027) and deaths of colorectal cancer for the coming years was predicted (from 10.2 in 2019 to 11.2 per 100,000 in 2027). A similar pattern was also observed for the incidence of this cancer among females (from 11 in 2019 to 12.3 per 100,000 in 2027), but a reverse pattern was predicted for the trend of deaths among women (from 2.06 in 2019 to 1.93 per 100,000 in 2027). During the years after the implementation of the INPCR, the trend of cases (β: 0.33, p < 0.001) as well as deaths due to colorectal cancer was significantly increasing (β: 0.08, p < 0.001) among the Iranian population.

Conclusions: Probably, part of the increase in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer could be due to the improvement of the registration and reporting system of new cancer cases.

Background: Colorectal cancer poses a major global health threat, with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. This study examined the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer globally in 2020 and explored the relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI).

Material and methods: This research utilizes data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) GLOBOCAN 2020 project, an esteemed source of up-to-date international cancer statistics. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 individuals were calculated. The association between ASIR, ASMR, and the HDI was analyzed using Pearson correlation, considering a statistical significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results: In 2020, a total of 1,931,590 new colorectal cancer cases were recorded globally, with a male predominance of 55.18%. The global colorectal cancer ASIR was 19.5 per 100,000 (23.4 in males, 16.2 in females). Furthermore, there were 935,173 colorectal cancer-related mortality, with males accounting for 55.13%. The overall colorectal cancer ASMR was 9 (11 in males, 7.2 in females). A strong positive correlation emerged between ASIR and ASMR (0.895, p ≤ 0.001), HDI (0.794, p ≤ 0.001), life expectancy (0.724, p ≤ 0.001), education (0.743, p ≤ 0.001), and income (0.706, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, positive correlations were also found between ASMR and HDI (0.638, p ≤ 0.001), life expectancy (0.569, p ≤ 0.001), education (0.631, p ≤ 0.001), and income (0.512, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions: This global analysis highlights rising colorectal cancer incidence and mortality as a major public health threat worldwide. The findings reveal a positive association between a country's development level, as measured by HDI, and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

This policy brief highlights the critical shortage of healthcare workers in Iran, which hinders access, quality, and patient outcomes. The growing demand from population increases and chronic diseases, coupled with issues like geographic maldistribution, workforce migration, inadequate training, and limited support systems, exacerbates the crisis. Urban areas benefit disproportionately, leaving rural communities underserved and healthcare quality compromised. Evidence-based recommendations include incentivizing rural placements, improving workforce management systems, enhancing salaries and working conditions, expanding education and training, and leveraging digital health tools and task-shifting models. A phased implementation strategy is proposed, combining short-term pilot projects with long-term reforms to build a resilient healthcare workforce.

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is one of the most significant avoidable health risks and cause of premature death globally. Smoking in the workplace represents a potential combination of health risks due to the interactions of tobacco use and professional exposure. Occupational Health Professionals can aid in health promotion of workers and improvement of workplace environment. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of smoking and its determinants among healthcare workers and equated subjects at the Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS of Genoa, Italy.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was performed using demographic and clinical data. It involved a total workforce of 1561 Health Care Workers (HCW), medical residents and healthcare students. We focused on the medical visits performed from July 1 to December 31, 2023. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software vers. 26.0 (IBM Corp.).

Results: In the studied population, 24.7% of participants reported being current smokers. The univariate analysis showed an association between smoking and several demographic and occupational variables such as different professional categories and occupational risks. At the multivariate analysis physicians (OR 0.39, 95 CI 0.24-0.61, p < 0.001) and professions with exposure to chemical hazards (OR 0.26, 95 CI 0.09-0.80, p = 0.018) showed reduced odds of smoking, while increases in alcohol consumption were associated with increased probability of smoking (OR 1.79, 95 CI 1.19-2.71, p = 0.006).

Conclusions: These results highlight a concerning prevalence of smokers among HCW. An up-to-date epidemiological picture on health habits and behaviors may provide a baseline on which targeted interventions can be implemented, considering not only modifiable lifestyle factors but also work-related risk factors to effectively tackle the magnitude of the phenomenon.