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Physiological and behavioral effects of hormonal contraceptive treatment in captive, pair-bonded primates (Plecturocebus cupreus). 激素避孕对圈养、成对结合灵长类动物(Plecturocebus cupreus)生理和行为的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000017
Chloe L Karaskiewicz, Melissa Ramirez, Karen L Bales

Hormonal contraception is an effective, reversible tool for managing birth rates in humans and nonhuman animals alike. However, manipulating reproductive hormones has behavioral consequences that can impact social and sexual behavior between conspecifics. First, we studied 18 pairs of nonreproductive titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) to test the efficacy of a novel method of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants) on reproductive hormone cycling in females and found significant reductions in urinary estrogens and progestagens among treated females compared to untreated controls. We then studied 35 nonreproductive pairs of coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) to ascertain whether treating females with one of 2 different forms of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants (n = 17) or medroxyprogesterone acetate injections (n = 9)) would influence the relationship between pair mates compared to the relationship between untreated females and their vasectomized male mates (n = 9). Over a 5-month period, we found no differences in affiliative behaviors between pairs containing untreated females compared to pairs in which the female was treated with either deslorelin acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. Similarly, we found no differences in affiliation between pairs in the 2 treatment groups. This study is the first to examine behavioral consequences of hormonal contraception in a pair-bonding species. The results are encouraging for captive, managed breeding colonies of such social animals, especially those used in behavioral research.

激素避孕是一种有效的、可逆的工具,可以控制人类和非人类动物的出生率。然而,操纵生殖激素会产生行为后果,影响同种生物之间的社会和性行为。首先,我们研究了18对无生殖能力的胸猴(Plecturocebus cupreus),以测试一种新的激素避孕方法(醋酸地氯瑞林植入物)对雌性生殖激素循环的功效,发现与未治疗的对照组相比,治疗过的雌性尿液中的雌激素和孕激素显著减少。然后,我们研究了35对不能生育的铜胸猴(Plecturocebus cupreus),以确定是否用两种不同形式的激素避孕(醋酸地氯瑞林植入物(n = 17)或醋酸甲羟孕酮注射物(n = 9))中的一种来治疗雌性,与未治疗的雌性与输精管切除的雄性伴侣(n = 9)相比,会影响配对伴侣之间的关系。我们发现,与使用醋酸地洛瑞林或醋酸甲孕酮治疗的雌鼠相比,未经治疗的雌鼠的亲和行为没有差异。同样,我们发现在两个治疗组中,配对间的隶属关系没有差异。这项研究是第一次在一对结合的物种中检查激素避孕的行为后果。这一结果对于圈养的、有管理的群居动物繁殖地来说是令人鼓舞的,尤其是那些用于行为研究的动物。
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引用次数: 0
Pedigree Data from Six Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Matrilines at the California National Primate Research Center Indicate Inbreeding and Loss of Genetic Variation. 来自加州国家灵长类动物研究中心的六个恒河猴母系的谱系数据表明了近交和遗传变异的丧失。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000038
Robert F Oldt, Brianne Beisner, Ashley Cameron, Ori Pomerantz, Sree Kanthaswamy

Relatedness and kinship structure in matrilines are a potential source of social stability. The current study aimed to analyze the extant pedigrees of 6 living matrilines in different field cages to assess rates of cross-generational inbreeding and loss of genetic variation over time. All 6 matrilines showed increasing levels of inbreeding over generation time, although the rates of increase were different. The female-to-male-adult sex ratio was correlated with average matriline inbreeding levels, while the number of adult males was positively correlated with average matriline genetic diversity. Over five times more paternal half-sibs than maternal half-sibs were present because paternity had been restricted to a few males yearly. Therefore, the relatedness through the paternal lines was over five times greater than that of the maternal lines. Overall, each matriline lost low to moderate levels of genetic variation with time. The current rates of gene flow between field cages by cross-fostered infants have not stopped inbreeding within these matrilines or loss of diversity due to genetic drift. This situation probably developed because translocated animals, especially males, may not breed successfully. Only 4 of the 22 translocated individuals, all females, eventually reproduced, resulting in 13 offspring and generating an overall breeding success of 0.59 across all 6 study matrilines. However, even this low rate of reproduction by the translocated animals reduced inbreeding and kinship among matrilines and increased genetic heterogeneity in the matrilines. Based on this study, we propose several colony management strategies, including equalizing adult sex ratios to increase the effective population size in the field cages, increasing the number of cross-fostered infants, and relying more on multigenerational pedigree data to aid the alignment of genetic and behavioral management techniques.

母系中的亲缘关系和亲属关系结构是社会稳定的潜在来源。目前的研究旨在分析6个现存母系在不同田地笼子中的系谱,以评估跨代近亲繁殖率和遗传变异随时间的损失。随着世代的推移,所有6个母系的近亲繁殖水平都在增加,尽管增加的速度不同。雌性与雄性的成年性别比与平均母系近亲繁殖水平相关,而成年雄性的数量与平均母系遗传多样性呈正相关。由于父亲身份每年仅限于少数男性,因此父亲半同胞的数量是母亲半同胞的五倍多。因此,通过父系的延迟性是母系的五倍多。总的来说,随着时间的推移,每个母系的遗传变异都会降低到中等程度。目前,杂交后代在田间网箱之间的基因流动速度并没有阻止这些母系内的近亲繁殖或由于遗传漂移而导致的多样性丧失。这种情况的发展可能是因为迁移的动物,尤其是雄性,可能无法成功繁殖。在22个易位个体中,只有4个最终繁殖,全部为雌性,产生了13个后代,并在所有6个研究母系中产生了0.59的总体繁殖成功率。然而,即使迁移动物的繁殖率很低,也会减少母系之间的近亲交配和亲缘关系,并增加母系的遗传异质性。基于这项研究,我们提出了几种群体管理策略,包括均衡成年性别比例以增加野外笼子中的有效种群规模,增加交叉寄养婴儿的数量,以及更多地依赖多代谱系数据来帮助调整遗传和行为管理技术。
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引用次数: 0
Meeting Ferret Enrichment Needs in Infectious Disease Laboratory Settings. 在传染病实验室环境中满足雪貂的富集需求。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000057
Challie Jj Anderson-Mondella, Taronna R Maines, Cassandra M Tansey, Jessica A Belser

Environmental enrichment is a necessary component of all research vivarium settings. However, appropriate enrichment decisions vary greatly depending on the species involved and the research use of the animals. The increasing use of ferrets in research settings-notably for modeling the pathogenicity and transmissibility of viral pathogens that require containment in ABSL-2 to -4 environments-presents a particular challenge for veterinary and research staff to ensure that enrichment needs for these animals are met consistently. Here, we discuss the species-specific enrichment needs of ferrets, enrichment considerations for ferrets housed in research settings, and the challenges and importance of providing appropriate enrichment during experimentation, including when ferrets are housed in high-containment facilities. This article is organized to support the easy availability of information that will facilitate the design and implementation of optimal environmental enrichment for ferrets used in diverse research efforts in vivarium settings.

环境富集是所有研究动物饲养场环境的必要组成部分。然而,根据所涉及的物种和动物的研究用途,适当的富集决定差异很大。雪貂在研究环境中的使用越来越多,尤其是用于模拟需要在ABSL-2至-4环境中控制的病毒病原体的致病性和传播性,这对兽医和研究人员来说是一个特别的挑战,以确保这些动物的富集需求得到一致满足。在这里,我们讨论了雪貂的物种特异性富集需求,研究环境中雪貂的富集注意事项,以及在实验期间提供适当富集的挑战和重要性,包括雪貂被安置在高封闭设施中时。组织这篇文章是为了支持信息的容易获得,这将有助于设计和实施在动物饲养场环境中的各种研究工作中使用的雪貂的最佳环境富集。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Loss of Righting Reflex to Assess Susceptibility to Carbon Dioxide Gas in Three Mouse Strains. 使用矫正反射丧失评估三种小鼠品系对二氧化碳气体的易感性。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000035
Brittany A Munro, Dexter R Merenick, Julia M Gee, Daniel Sj Pang

Exposure to CO₂ gas is a common rodent euthanasia method. CO₂ activates nociceptors in rats and is painful to humans at concentrations equal to or greater than 32.5% The concentration of CO₂ at which rodents become unconsciousness is inadequately defined. We used loss of righting reflex (LORR) to identify the concentration at which CO₂ caused loss of consciousness in C57Bl/6, CD1 and 129P3J mice (16 females and 16 males per strain). We used a custom built, rotating, motorized cylinder to determine LORR as CO₂ concentrations were increased. Two LORR assessment methods were used: 1) a 1-Paw assessment in which the righting reflex was considered to be present if one or more paws contacted the cylinder after rotation into dorsal recumbency and 2) a 4-Paw assessment in which the righting reflex was considered to be present only if all 4 paws contacted the cylinder. LORR test data were analyzed with Probit regression and dose response curves were plotted. 1-Paw EC95 values (CO₂ concentration at which LORR occurred for 95% of the population) were: C57Bl/6; 30.7%, CD1; 26.2%, 129P3J; 20.1%. The EC95 for C57Bl/6 was significantly higher than that of the 129P3J mice, with no significant differences between other strains. Four-Paw EC95 values were: C57Bl/6; 22.8%, CD1; 25.3%, 129P3J; 20.1%. Values for 129P3J mice were significantly lower than those of CD1 mice), with no significant difference between other strains. The EC95 varied significantly between 1-Paw and 4-Paw methods only for C57Bl/6 mice. These results suggest a potential for nociception and pain to occur in some individuals of some mouse strains during CO₂ euthanasia.

暴露在二氧化碳气体中是一种常见的啮齿动物安乐死方法。二氧化碳激活大鼠的伤害感受器,在浓度等于或大于32.5%时对人类来说是痛苦的。啮齿动物失去意识的二氧化碳浓度定义不明确。我们使用翻正反射丧失(LORR)来确定C57Bl/6、CD1和129P3J小鼠(每个品系16只雌性和16只雄性)中CO2导致意识丧失的浓度。随着二氧化碳浓度的增加,我们使用了一个定制的旋转电动气缸来确定LORR。使用了两种LORR评估方法:1)1爪评估,其中如果一只或多只爪子在旋转到背部固定后接触到圆柱体,则认为存在翻正反射;2)4爪评估,只有当所有4只爪子都接触到圆柱体时,才认为存在翻右反射。用Probit回归分析LORR试验数据,绘制剂量-反应曲线。1-Paw EC95值(95%的群体发生LORR时的CO2浓度)为:C57Bl/6;30.7%,CD1;26.2%,129P3J;C57Bl/6小鼠的EC95显著高于129P3J小鼠,其他品系之间没有显著差异。四个爪EC95值分别为:C57Bl/6;22.8%,CD1;25.3%,129P3J;20.1%。129P3J小鼠的值显著低于CD1小鼠的值),而其他菌株之间没有显著差异。EC95仅在C57Bl/6小鼠的1-Paw和4-Paw方法之间存在显著差异。这些结果表明,在二氧化碳安乐死过程中,某些个体和某些小鼠品系可能会发生伤害和疼痛。
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引用次数: 0
Noncontact Respiratory Motion Detection in Anesthetized Rodents. 麻醉啮齿动物的非接触性呼吸运动检测。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000018
Martin Donnelley, Lina Lagerquist, Patricia Cmielewski, Nikki Reyne, Kaye Morgan, David Parsons

Small animal physiology studies are often complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron radiation facilities. This is because these facilities are typically not designed specifically for biomedical research, and the animals and image detectors are located away from the researchers in a radiation enclosure. In respiratory X-ray imaging studies one challenge is the detection of respiration in free-breathing anaesthetised rodents, to enable images to be acquired at specific phases of the breath and for detecting changes in respiratory rate. We have previously used a Philtec RC60 sensor interfaced to a PowerLab data acquisition system and custom-designed timing hub to perform this task. Here we evaluated the Panasonic HL-G108 for respiratory sensing. The performance of the two sensors for accurate and reliable breath detection was directly compared using a single anesthetized rat. We also assessed how an infrared heat lamp used to maintain body temperature affected sensor performance. Based on positive results from these comparisons, the HL-G108 sensor was then used for respiratory motion detection in tracheal X-ray imaging studies of 21 rats at the SPring-8 Synchrotron, including its use for gated image acquisition. The results of that test were compared to a similar imaging study that used the RC60 for respiratory detection in 19 rats. Finally, the HL-G108 sensor was tested on 5 mice to determine its effectiveness on smaller species. The results showed that the HL-G108 is much more robust and easier to configure than the RC60 sensor and produces an analog signal that is amenable to stable peak detection. Furthermore, gated image acquisition produced sequences with substantially reduced motion artefacts, enabling the additional benefit of reduced radiation dose through the application of shuttering. Finally, the mouse experiments showed that the HL-G108 is equally capable of detecting respiration in this smaller species.

小型动物生理学研究通常很复杂,但在同步辐射设施中进行动物X射线成像研究时,复杂性会大大增加。这是因为这些设施通常不是专门为生物医学研究设计的,而且动物和图像探测器位于远离研究人员的辐射罩中。在呼吸X射线成像研究中,一个挑战是检测自由呼吸麻醉啮齿动物的呼吸,以使图像能够在呼吸的特定阶段获得,并检测呼吸频率的变化。我们之前曾使用与PowerLab数据采集系统接口的Philtec RC60传感器和定制设计的计时接口来执行此任务。在这里,我们评估了松下HL-G108的呼吸感应。使用一只麻醉大鼠直接比较了两种传感器在准确可靠的呼吸检测方面的性能。我们还评估了用于保持体温的红外加热灯如何影响传感器性能。基于这些比较的积极结果,HL-G108传感器随后在SPring-8同步加速器对21只大鼠的气管X射线成像研究中用于呼吸运动检测,包括用于门控图像采集。该试验的结果与一项类似的成像研究进行了比较,该研究使用RC60对19只大鼠进行呼吸检测。最后,HL-G108传感器在5mice上进行了测试,以确定其对较小物种的有效性。结果表明,HL-G108比RC60传感器更坚固、更易于配置,并产生可稳定峰值检测的模拟信号。此外,门控图像采集产生的序列具有显著减少的运动伪影,通过应用快门实现了减少辐射剂量的额外好处。最后,小鼠实验表明,HL-G108完全能够检测这种较小物种的呼吸。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Ethics in Biomedical Animal Research in Mexico. 墨西哥生物医学动物研究中的伦理知识、态度和实践。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000012
Anayántzin Heredia-Antúnez, Miguela Galarde-López, Elizabetha Téllez-Ballesteros, Beatriz Vanda-Cantón

The most widely accepted ethical concept for the mitigation of harm to animals used in biomedical research is known as the 3Rs, which refer to replacement, reduction, and refinement. The aim of our study was to determine the ethical and regulatory criteria that researchers in Mexico consider when developing their animal research protocols and that members of the ethics committees use when they evaluate and approve these protocols. We circulated a survey to 300 individuals from different research institutions and received responses from 179 researchers and members of ethics committees on questions related to their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the use of animals in research based on the 3Rs. The responses obtained indicate that the respondents were aware of the 3R concept, and they claim to apply these principles. However, the responses revealed resistance to using alternatives for research, testing, and teaching (66%). Nineteen percent of the researchers reported that their institutions do not have an integrated Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Around 80% of respondents were aware of Mexican regulations. The knowledge and application of the 3Rs by researchers and members of the IACUC is a fundamental concept in animal research. Such knowledge contributes the use of ethical standards, attitudes, and practices relevant to the use of animals in research.

在减轻生物医学研究中对动物的伤害方面,最被广泛接受的伦理概念被称为3r,即替换(replacement)、减少(reduction)和改进(refine)。我们研究的目的是确定墨西哥研究人员在制定动物研究方案时考虑的伦理和监管标准,以及伦理委员会成员在评估和批准这些方案时使用的标准。我们向来自不同研究机构的300人分发了一份调查问卷,并收到了179名研究人员和伦理委员会成员关于他们对基于3r的研究中使用动物的知识、态度和实践的回答。所获得的回应表明,受访者意识到3R概念,他们声称应用这些原则。然而,调查结果显示,在研究、测试和教学中,对使用替代方案的抵制(66%)。19%的研究人员报告说,他们的机构没有一个综合的机构动物护理和使用委员会(IACUC)。大约80%的受访者了解墨西哥的法规。研究人员和IACUC成员对3r的认识和应用是动物研究中的一个基本概念。这些知识有助于运用与在研究中使用动物有关的道德标准、态度和实践。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Disinfection Methods for Artificial Plants in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Recirculating Water Systems. 斑马鱼(Danio rerio)循环水系统中人工植物消毒方法的评价。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000042
Christina T Camson, Jack A Palillo, Logan A Fehrenbach, Raphael A Malbrue

The use of artificial plants as environmental enrichment for zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research facilities has been shown to provide benefits in animal welfare and care. Despite the benefits of artificial plants to zebrafish welfare, some research facilities are hesitant to incorporate them into their routine husbandry practices due to concerns about disease transmission and a lack of guidance on effective disinfection practices between tanks. Limited published information is available on how to adequately disinfect artificial plants, which creates concerns regarding their reuse between tanks in recirculating water systems. Proper sanitation and disinfection of these items is crucial to preventing the spread of disease in the system. We evaluated 2 disinfection methods- a commercial-grade laboratory glassware dishwasher and an ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilizer-by using ATP detection and bacterial culture of the artificial plants before and after the disinfection process. Plants were placed in the dirty sump of 2 separate recirculating systems (2,500 to 3,000 fish per system) for 2 wk before the start of the study. High ATP levels and various bacterial organisms were detected prior to disinfection. The commercial-grade labo- ratory glassware dishwasher and ETO sterilizer both significantly reduced ATP levels and resulted in complete eradication of live bacteria that were present before treatment. This study demonstrates 2 effective methods for disinfecting artificial plants in zebrafish facilities.

在生物医学研究设施中使用人工植物作为斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的环境富集物已被证明可以为动物福利和护理提供好处。尽管人工植物对斑马鱼的福利有好处,但由于担心疾病传播,以及缺乏关于水槽之间有效消毒做法的指导,一些研究机构对将其纳入日常饲养实践犹豫不决。关于如何对人造植物进行充分消毒的公开信息有限,这引发了人们对其在再循环水系统中的水箱之间重复使用的担忧。对这些物品进行适当的卫生和消毒对于防止疾病在系统中传播至关重要。我们评估了2种消毒方法─一台商用实验室玻璃器皿洗碗机和一台环氧乙烷(ETO)消毒器─通过在消毒过程前后使用人工植物的ATP检测和细菌培养。在研究开始前,将植物放置在2个独立再循环系统(每个系统2500至3000条鱼)的污水坑中2周。消毒前检测到高ATP水平和各种细菌。商用实验室玻璃器皿洗碗机和ETO消毒器都显著降低了ATP水平,并完全根除了治疗前存在的活细菌。本研究证明了对斑马鱼设施中的人工植物进行消毒的两种有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacokinetics of Extended-release Buprenorphine in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). 丁丙诺啡缓释制剂在蒙古沙鼠体内的药代动力学。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000048
Aleaya R Bowie, Katherine N Gibson-Corley, Erin Nz Yu

Both the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and Regulations require animals in research to receive adequate analgesia unless an exception can be scientifically justified and IACUC approved. Extended- release buprenorphine (BUP-XR) is a pharmaceutical-grade formulation that is FDA-indexed for use in mice and rats. However, this new formulation has not been evaluated in adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Our goal was to determine whether the extrapolated dose (1 mg/kg SC) would achieve plasma buprenorphine concentrations above the murine therapeutic threshold (> 1.0 ng/mL) in male and female gerbils. We hypothesized that BUP-XR administered at 1 mg/kg would achieve the murine therapeutic threshold in both male and female gerbils until at least 48 h after injection. Gerbils received one injection of BUP-XR (1 mg/kg SC) and underwent 4 serial blood collections (0.5, 1, 2, and 4, or 0.5, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection). The average plasma buprenorphine concentrations were above 1 ng/mL within 30 min of administration for both males and females. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations remained above 1.0 ng/mL for 48 h after administration. In males, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were significantly higher at 1 h after injection as compared with females; no other significant differences were observed between sexes. Mild to moderate injection-site granulomas were observed in five of nine gerbils, presumably due to the lipid matrix of the BUP-XR formulation. Our findings demonstrate that a single BUP-XR dose (1 mg/kg SC) achieves plasma buprenorphine levels that remain above the murine therapeutic threshold of 1.0 ng/mL for up to 48 h in both sexes.

《实验动物护理和使用指南》和《动物福利法和条例》都要求动物研究必须接受足够的镇痛,除非有科学依据和IACUC批准的例外情况。丁丙诺啡(BUP-XR)是一种药物级制剂,经美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)索引,可用于小鼠和大鼠。然而,这种新配方尚未在成年蒙古沙鼠(有爪沙鼠)中进行评估。我们的目标是确定推断剂量(1 mg/kg SC)是否能使雄性和雌性沙鼠的血浆丁丙诺啡浓度高于尿液治疗阈值(>1.0 ng/mL)。我们假设,在雄性和雌性沙鼠中,以1mg/kg给药的BUP-XR将达到小鼠治疗阈值,直到注射后至少48小时。Gerbil接受了一次BUP-XR(1 mg/kg SC)注射,并进行了4次连续采血(注射后0.5、1、2和4小时,或0.5、24、48和72小时)。雄性和雌性的平均血浆丁丙诺啡浓度在给药30分钟内均高于1 ng/mL。给药后48小时,血浆丁丙诺啡浓度保持在1.0 ng/mL以上。在男性中,注射后1小时血浆丁丙诺啡浓度显著高于女性;性别之间没有观察到其他显著差异。在9只沙鼠体内观察到轻度至中度注射部位肉芽肿,可能是由于BUP-XR制剂的脂质基质所致。我们的研究结果表明,单次BUP XR剂量(1 mg/kg SC)可使血浆丁丙诺啡水平在两性中保持在1.0 ng/mL的小鼠治疗阈值以上长达48小时。
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引用次数: 0
Letter to the Editor. 致编辑的信
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Deslorelin on Testosterone Secretion and Testicular Volume in Male Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Deslorelin对雄性恒河猴睾酮分泌和睾丸体积的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000116
Helena D Tran, Kelsey E Carroll, Alexis L Mackiewicz, Amir Ardeshir, Diane Stockinger, Thiago De Lucena, Kari L Christe

Sterility in male NHP has long been achieved through surgical castration or vasectomy. However, these techniques are irreversible, require a surgical procedure, and have potential consequences such as sperm granulomas and long recovery time. Deslorelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that temporarily and reversibly suppresses sex hormone secretion. Our goal in this study was to investigate the effects of deslorelin on testosterone secretion and testicular volume in male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Male macaques (n = 4) each received two, 4.7-mg deslorelin implants subcutaneously in the interscapular region. Serum testosterone and testicular volume were then monitored at specific time points until 10 mo after treatment. Testosterone suppression was defined as testosterone levels lower than 0.6 ng/mL for a sustained period of at least 30 d. After implantation, mean testicular volume was significantly reduced by day 121. Testosterone suppression was observed in all subjects. However, the time from implantation to testosterone suppression and duration of suppression varied. Two macaques were hormonally suppressed by day 26 after implantation and remained suppressed for at least 6 mo. The other 2 macaques were hormonally suppressed by 2 mo after implantation; of these two, one remained suppressed for 70 days while the other was suppressed for at least 245 days. We conclude that deslorelin can safely suppress testosterone secretion in male rhesus macaques, but individual variation in onset and duration of action should be considered when establishing reimplantation time points and potential return to reproductive activity.

长期以来,男性NHP的不育是通过手术阉割或输精管切除术实现的。然而,这些技术是不可逆转的,需要外科手术,并有潜在的后果,如精子肉芽肿和长时间的恢复。Deslorelin是一种促性腺激素释放激素激动剂,可暂时可逆地抑制性激素分泌。本研究的目的是研究地氯林对雄性恒河猴睾酮分泌和睾丸体积的影响。雄性猕猴(n=4)分别接受两个4.7mg的deslorelin植入物,植入物位于肩胛间区域。然后在特定时间点监测血清睾酮和睾丸体积,直到治疗后10个月。睾酮抑制被定义为睾酮水平在至少30天的持续时间内低于0.6 ng/mL。植入后,到第121天,平均睾丸体积显著减少。所有受试者均观察到睾酮抑制。然而,从植入到睾酮抑制的时间和抑制的持续时间各不相同。2只猕猴在植入后第26天受到激素抑制,并保持至少6个月的抑制。另外2只猕猴植入后2个月受到激素抑制;其中一个被抑制了70天,另一个被至少抑制了245天。我们得出的结论是,地洛林可以安全地抑制雄性恒河猴的睾酮分泌,但在确定植入时间点和可能恢复生殖活动时,应考虑发病和作用持续时间的个体差异。
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Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS
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