Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000094
James F McNew, Daniel J Davis, Kristin N Grimsrud, Elizabeth C Bryda
While rodents are used extensively for studying pain, there is a lack of reported direct comparisons of thermal and mechanical pain testing methods in rats of different genetic backgrounds. Understanding the range of interindividual variability of withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies based on these testing methods and/or genetic background is important for appropriate experimental design. Testing was performed in two common rat genetic backgrounds: outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) and inbred Fischer 344 (F344). Male and female, 10- to 14-wk-old F344 and SD rats were used to assess withdrawal thresholds in 3 different modalities: the Randall-Selitto test (RST), Hargreaves test (HT), and tail flick test (TFT). The RST was performed by using an operator-controlled handheld instrument to generate a noxious pressure stimulus to the left hind paw. The HT and the TFT used an electronically controlled light source to deliver a noxious thermal stimulus to the left hind paw or tail tip, respectively. Rats of each sex and genetic background underwent one type of test on day 0 and day 7. Withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies were compared among tests. No significant differences were observed. Our findings can serve as a guide for researchers considering these nociceptive tests for their experiments.
{"title":"Comparison of Thermal and Mechanical Pain Testing Modalities in Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"James F McNew, Daniel J Davis, Kristin N Grimsrud, Elizabeth C Bryda","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000094","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While rodents are used extensively for studying pain, there is a lack of reported direct comparisons of thermal and mechanical pain testing methods in rats of different genetic backgrounds. Understanding the range of interindividual variability of withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies based on these testing methods and/or genetic background is important for appropriate experimental design. Testing was performed in two common rat genetic backgrounds: outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) and inbred Fischer 344 (F344). Male and female, 10- to 14-wk-old F344 and SD rats were used to assess withdrawal thresholds in 3 different modalities: the Randall-Selitto test (RST), Hargreaves test (HT), and tail flick test (TFT). The RST was performed by using an operator-controlled handheld instrument to generate a noxious pressure stimulus to the left hind paw. The HT and the TFT used an electronically controlled light source to deliver a noxious thermal stimulus to the left hind paw or tail tip, respectively. Rats of each sex and genetic background underwent one type of test on day 0 and day 7. Withdrawal thresholds and thermal latencies were compared among tests. No significant differences were observed. Our findings can serve as a guide for researchers considering these nociceptive tests for their experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-08DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000091
Samuel Br Lawton, Connie C Grobe, John J Reho, Hershel Raff, Joseph D Thulin, Eric S Jensen, Colin Ml Burnett, Jeffrey L Segar, Justin L Grobe
The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals recommends mice be pair or group housed and provided with nesting materials. These provisions support social interactions and are also critical for thermoregulatory behaviors such as huddling and burrowing. However, studies of fluid and electrolyte balance and digestive function may involve use of metabolic caging (MC) systems in which mice are housed individually on wire-mesh floors that permit quantitative collection of urine and feces. MC housing prevents mice from performing their typical huddling and burrowing behaviors. Housing in MC can cause weight loss and behavioral changes in rodents. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MC housing of mice at standard room temperature (SRT, 22 to 23 °C) exposes them to cold stress, which causes metabolic changes in the mice as compared with standard housing. We hypothesized that performing MC studies at a thermoneutral temperature (TNT, 30 °C) would minimize these changes. Fluid, electrolyte, and energy balance and body composition were assessed in male and female C57BL/6J mice housed at SRT or TNT in MC, static microisolation cages, or a multiplexed metabolic phenotyping system designed to mimic static microisolation cages (Promethion, Sable Systems International). In brief, as compared with MC housing at SRT, MC housing at TNT was associated with lower food intake and energy expenditure, absence of weight loss, and lower urine and fecal corticosterone levels. These results indicate that housing in MC at SRT causes cold stress that can be mitigated if MC studies are performed at TNT.
实验动物饲养和使用指南》建议小鼠应成对或成群饲养,并提供筑巢材料。这些规定有助于小鼠的社会交往,对小鼠的体温调节行为(如蜷缩和钻洞)也至关重要。不过,对体液和电解质平衡以及消化功能的研究可能需要使用代谢笼(MC)系统,在该系统中,小鼠被单独饲养在铁丝网地板上,以便定量收集尿液和粪便。代谢笼饲养系统使小鼠无法进行典型的蜷缩和钻洞行为。MC饲养会导致啮齿动物体重减轻和行为改变。在此,我们测试了一个假设,即在标准室温(SRT,22 至 23 °C)下饲养 MC 会使小鼠面临冷应激,与标准饲养相比,冷应激会导致小鼠的新陈代谢发生变化。我们假设在恒温(TNT,30 °C)下进行 MC 研究将最大程度地减少这些变化。我们对在 SRT 或 TNT 温度下饲养的雌雄 C57BL/6J 小鼠的体液、电解质和能量平衡以及身体成分进行了评估,这些小鼠分别饲养在 MC、静态微隔离笼或模拟静态微隔离笼设计的多重代谢表型系统(Promethion,Sable Systems International)中。简而言之,与SRT的MC饲养相比,TNT的MC饲养与较低的食物摄入量和能量消耗、无体重下降以及较低的尿液和粪便皮质酮水平有关。这些结果表明,在SRT饲养MC会造成寒冷应激,如果在TNT进行MC研究,则可减轻这种应激。
{"title":"Differences in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Energy Balance in C57BL/6J Mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) in Metabolic Caging at Thermoneutral or Standard Room Temperatures.","authors":"Samuel Br Lawton, Connie C Grobe, John J Reho, Hershel Raff, Joseph D Thulin, Eric S Jensen, Colin Ml Burnett, Jeffrey L Segar, Justin L Grobe","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000091","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals</i> recommends mice be pair or group housed and provided with nesting materials. These provisions support social interactions and are also critical for thermoregulatory behaviors such as huddling and burrowing. However, studies of fluid and electrolyte balance and digestive function may involve use of metabolic caging (MC) systems in which mice are housed individually on wire-mesh floors that permit quantitative collection of urine and feces. MC housing prevents mice from performing their typical huddling and burrowing behaviors. Housing in MC can cause weight loss and behavioral changes in rodents. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MC housing of mice at standard room temperature (SRT, 22 to 23 °C) exposes them to cold stress, which causes metabolic changes in the mice as compared with standard housing. We hypothesized that performing MC studies at a thermoneutral temperature (TNT, 30 °C) would minimize these changes. Fluid, electrolyte, and energy balance and body composition were assessed in male and female C57BL/6J mice housed at SRT or TNT in MC, static microisolation cages, or a multiplexed metabolic phenotyping system designed to mimic static microisolation cages (Promethion, Sable Systems International). In brief, as compared with MC housing at SRT, MC housing at TNT was associated with lower food intake and energy expenditure, absence of weight loss, and lower urine and fecal corticosterone levels. These results indicate that housing in MC at SRT causes cold stress that can be mitigated if MC studies are performed at TNT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000111
Chris Manuel, Kerith Luchins, Norman C Peterson, Aurore Dodelet-Devillers, Christina Pettan-Brewer, Lise Phaneuf, Joseph P Garner, Megan Lafollette
{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Assessing Methods for Replacement of Soiled Bedding Sentinels in Cage-level Exhaust IVC Racks\" by Eichner and Smith.","authors":"Chris Manuel, Kerith Luchins, Norman C Peterson, Aurore Dodelet-Devillers, Christina Pettan-Brewer, Lise Phaneuf, Joseph P Garner, Megan Lafollette","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000111","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-29DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000087
Marissa G Castronovo, Daniel W Wesson
Keeping tunnels in the home cages of mice used in research appears to both reduce handling-related stress and provide environmental enrichment. However, for mice that have surgical implants that extend beyond their body, having tunnels in the home cages could engender concerns for their welfare, including the possibility of them becoming stuck in the tunnel. The goal of this study was to determine how mice with different sizes of cranial implants interacted with a tunnel in their home cage. We used male and female mice with a C57BL/6J background in this study. The mice underwent a either a craniotomy in which they received either no implant (sham), an indwelling cannula used for drug delivery, or a ferrule-type implant. The number of mouse interactions with tunnels was recorded over a 30-min period while the mouse was in its home cage with its tunnel. We found that sham mice interacted significantly more with the tunnels than did mice with either cannulae or ferrule implants. On average sham mice interacted more with the tunnel by walking through or over it whereas mice with either type of implant rarely even touched the tunnel with their heads. Our results indicate that mice with implants do not enter in the tunnels, and thus the tunnel reduces accessible cage-space rather than providing enrichment benefits. These results raise the question of whether tunnels should be routinely available for mice with cranial implants.
{"title":"Effects of Home Cage Tunnels on Within-cage Behaviors of Mice with Cranial Implants.","authors":"Marissa G Castronovo, Daniel W Wesson","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000087","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keeping tunnels in the home cages of mice used in research appears to both reduce handling-related stress and provide environmental enrichment. However, for mice that have surgical implants that extend beyond their body, having tunnels in the home cages could engender concerns for their welfare, including the possibility of them becoming stuck in the tunnel. The goal of this study was to determine how mice with different sizes of cranial implants interacted with a tunnel in their home cage. We used male and female mice with a C57BL/6J background in this study. The mice underwent a either a craniotomy in which they received either no implant (sham), an indwelling cannula used for drug delivery, or a ferrule-type implant. The number of mouse interactions with tunnels was recorded over a 30-min period while the mouse was in its home cage with its tunnel. We found that sham mice interacted significantly more with the tunnels than did mice with either cannulae or ferrule implants. On average sham mice interacted more with the tunnel by walking through or over it whereas mice with either type of implant rarely even touched the tunnel with their heads. Our results indicate that mice with implants do not enter in the tunnels, and thus the tunnel reduces accessible cage-space rather than providing enrichment benefits. These results raise the question of whether tunnels should be routinely available for mice with cranial implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000012
{"title":"Erratum: Evaluation and Refinement of a Spot-change-only Cage Management System for Mice.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000012","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000089
Robert T Dauchy, John P Hanifin, George C Brainard, David E Blask
Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors-rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
{"title":"Light: An Extrinsic Factor Influencing Animal-based Research.","authors":"Robert T Dauchy, John P Hanifin, George C Brainard, David E Blask","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000089","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors-rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139428142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000024
{"title":"Extrinsic Environmental Variables: The Umwelt of Research Animals and the Implications for the 3Rs and Study Reproducibility.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000024","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-05DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000050
Randall P Reynolds, John N Norton
Vibration is inherent in research animal facilities due to the mechanical systems and practices required for animal care and use. Ample evidence indicates that vibration can change behavior and physiology in multiple species, potentially altering the results of research studies. Although one cannot eliminate environmental vibration, its control is important in research animal environments to decrease the possibility of introducing a research variable due to vibration effects. To assess the potential for a vibration source to alter experimental results and variability, one must understand the principles of vibration, its likely sources, and control methods. The literature regarding the effects of vibration, as it applies in a practical sense, can be challenging to interpret because the vibration frequencies tested to date have often not been within or near the most sensitive ranges of the species being tested. Some previous studies have used unrealistic vibration magnitudes and provided insufficient detail to duplicate or build upon conclusions. Standardization is essential for research examining the effects of vibration on animals to validate knowledge of this extrinsic variable in animal research and identify ways to mitigate the variable in research facilities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Vibration as an Extrinsic Variable in In Vivo Research.","authors":"Randall P Reynolds, John N Norton","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000050","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibration is inherent in research animal facilities due to the mechanical systems and practices required for animal care and use. Ample evidence indicates that vibration can change behavior and physiology in multiple species, potentially altering the results of research studies. Although one cannot eliminate environmental vibration, its control is important in research animal environments to decrease the possibility of introducing a research variable due to vibration effects. To assess the potential for a vibration source to alter experimental results and variability, one must understand the principles of vibration, its likely sources, and control methods. The literature regarding the effects of vibration, as it applies in a practical sense, can be challenging to interpret because the vibration frequencies tested to date have often not been within or near the most sensitive ranges of the species being tested. Some previous studies have used unrealistic vibration magnitudes and provided insufficient detail to duplicate or build upon conclusions. Standardization is essential for research examining the effects of vibration on animals to validate knowledge of this extrinsic variable in animal research and identify ways to mitigate the variable in research facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-05DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000064
Janelle A Avelino, Courtney A Walsh, Keely Nicole Wharton, Dinesh Ekanayake, Dil Ekanayake-Alper
Guinea pigs are often used in translational research, but providing them with safe and effective anesthesia is a challenge. Common methods like inhalant anesthesia and injectable ketamine/xylazine induce surgical anesthesia but can negatively affect cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems and complicate the interpretation of research outcomes. Several alternative anesthetic regimens have been investigated, but none have consistently achieved a surgical plane of anesthesia. Therefore, identifying an anesthetic regimen that achieves a stable state of the surgical plane of anesthesia while preserving cardiorespiratory function would be a valuable contribution. To address this issue, we compared the efficacy of 3 anesthetic combinations in female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs: 1) alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, and fentanyl (ADF); 2) alfaxalone, midazolam, and fentanyl (AMF); and 3) alfaxalone, midazolam, fentanyl, and isoflurane (AMFIso). We monitored anesthetic depth, heart rate, oxygenation, respiratory rate, respiratory effort, blood pressure, and body temperature every 15 min from injection to recovery. We also recorded the time to loss of righting reflex, duration of anesthesia, and time to achieve a surgical plane. The results showed no statistically significant differences in induction and recovery times among the groups. In the AMFIso group, 100% of the animals achieved a surgical plane of anesthesia, whereas only 10% of the animals in the AMF group reached that level. None of the animals in ADF group reached a surgical plane of anesthesia. Respiratory rate was significantly lower in the AMFIso as compared with the ADF group (P < 0.001) but was not different between the AMF and ADF groups. Temperature was significantly lower in the AMFIso group as compared with both the ADF and AMF groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, both combinations of solely injectable anesthetics assessed in this study can be used for short, nonpainful procedures without significant cardiorespiratory depression. However, for mildly to moderately painful surgical procedures, the addition of an inhalant anesthetic like isoflurane is necessary for female guinea pigs.
{"title":"A Comparison of Three Anesthetic Drug Combinations for Use in Inducing Surgical Anesthesia in Female Guinea Pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>).","authors":"Janelle A Avelino, Courtney A Walsh, Keely Nicole Wharton, Dinesh Ekanayake, Dil Ekanayake-Alper","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000064","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guinea pigs are often used in translational research, but providing them with safe and effective anesthesia is a challenge. Common methods like inhalant anesthesia and injectable ketamine/xylazine induce surgical anesthesia but can negatively affect cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems and complicate the interpretation of research outcomes. Several alternative anesthetic regimens have been investigated, but none have consistently achieved a surgical plane of anesthesia. Therefore, identifying an anesthetic regimen that achieves a stable state of the surgical plane of anesthesia while preserving cardiorespiratory function would be a valuable contribution. To address this issue, we compared the efficacy of 3 anesthetic combinations in female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs: 1) alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, and fentanyl (ADF); 2) alfaxalone, midazolam, and fentanyl (AMF); and 3) alfaxalone, midazolam, fentanyl, and isoflurane (AMFIso). We monitored anesthetic depth, heart rate, oxygenation, respiratory rate, respiratory effort, blood pressure, and body temperature every 15 min from injection to recovery. We also recorded the time to loss of righting reflex, duration of anesthesia, and time to achieve a surgical plane. The results showed no statistically significant differences in induction and recovery times among the groups. In the AMFIso group, 100% of the animals achieved a surgical plane of anesthesia, whereas only 10% of the animals in the AMF group reached that level. None of the animals in ADF group reached a surgical plane of anesthesia. Respiratory rate was significantly lower in the AMFIso as compared with the ADF group (<i>P</i> < 0.001) but was not different between the AMF and ADF groups. Temperature was significantly lower in the AMFIso group as compared with both the ADF and AMF groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, both combinations of solely injectable anesthetics assessed in this study can be used for short, nonpainful procedures without significant cardiorespiratory depression. However, for mildly to moderately painful surgical procedures, the addition of an inhalant anesthetic like isoflurane is necessary for female guinea pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-12-07DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000055
Keely N Wharton, Courtney Walsh, Tory J Bauer-Pisani, Peter C Smith, Steven R Wilson
Perinatal mortality is a common problem in mouse breeding colonies. Few studies have examined the influence of environmental changes on mouse pup survival. In this study, monogamous breeding cages of C57BL/6J mice were set up and randomized into 3 cage change groups: 1) cage change at 8 d after parturition, 2) cage change at 3 d after parturition, or 3) cage change at 3 d after parturition with the addition of a polycarbonate hut in the cage. Pairs were bred to produce a minimum of 4 litters. Pup survival to weaning relative to experimental cage change date, and survival rates after cage change were evaluated. The results revealed no significant differences between experimental groups. The majority of pup loss occurred within the first 24 h after birth for those pups that were alive at birth. Overall, the postpartum day of cage change did not affect the perinatal survival of mouse pups.
围产期死亡是小鼠繁殖群中的一个常见问题。很少有研究探讨环境变化对小鼠幼仔存活率的影响。在本研究中,我们设置了一夫一妻制的 C57BL/6J 小鼠繁殖笼,并将其随机分为 3 个换笼组:1)产后 8 d 换笼;2)产后 3 d 换笼;或 3)产后 3 d 换笼,并在笼中添加聚碳酸酯小屋。配对繁殖至少产下 4 胎。评估了与换笼日期相关的幼仔断奶存活率和换笼后的存活率。结果显示,实验组之间没有明显差异。对于出生时存活的幼崽来说,大部分损失发生在出生后的 24 小时内。总体而言,产后换笼日对幼鼠围产期存活率没有影响。
{"title":"Effect of Cage Change Frequency on Perinatal Mortality in C57BL/6J Mice.","authors":"Keely N Wharton, Courtney Walsh, Tory J Bauer-Pisani, Peter C Smith, Steven R Wilson","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000055","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perinatal mortality is a common problem in mouse breeding colonies. Few studies have examined the influence of environmental changes on mouse pup survival. In this study, monogamous breeding cages of C57BL/6J mice were set up and randomized into 3 cage change groups: 1) cage change at 8 d after parturition, 2) cage change at 3 d after parturition, or 3) cage change at 3 d after parturition with the addition of a polycarbonate hut in the cage. Pairs were bred to produce a minimum of 4 litters. Pup survival to weaning relative to experimental cage change date, and survival rates after cage change were evaluated. The results revealed no significant differences between experimental groups. The majority of pup loss occurred within the first 24 h after birth for those pups that were alive at birth. Overall, the postpartum day of cage change did not affect the perinatal survival of mouse pups.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}