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Evaluation of a Novel Battery-Operated Tumbler Device for Use in the Detection of Mouse Pathogens for Rodent Health Monitoring. 评估用于啮齿动物健康监测的小鼠病原体检测的新型电池操作滚揉器装置。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000053
Harmaneek K Sidhu, Cheryl L Perkins, Ken S Henderson, Brianne M Hibl, Simonne S Nouer, Elizabeth A Tolley, David J Hamilton

The search for alternatives to live animal sentinels in rodent health monitoring programs is fundamental to the 3Rs (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement) of animal research. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel battery-operated tumbler device that rotates soiled bedding in direct contact with sample media against the use of exhaust sample media and soiled bedding sentinel (SBS) mice. Four rodent racks were used, each with 3 test cages: a cage with a tumbler device that rotated for 10min twice a week (TUM10), a cage with a tumbler device that rotated for 60min twice a week (TUM60), and a cage housing 2 female Crl:CD1(ICR) mice. Every 2 wk, each test cage received soiled bedding collected from all cages on each respective rack. In addition to soiled bedding, the tumbler device contained various sample collection media: a contact Reemay filter (3mo-cRF) that remained in the tumbler for the duration of the study, a contact Reemay filter (1mo-cRF) that was replaced monthly, adhesive swabs (AS) that were added at every biweekly cage change, and an exhaust Reemay filter located at the exhaust outlet of the cage. All analyses were performed by direct PCR for both sample media in the animal-free methods, and fecal pellet, body swab, and oral swabs were collected from sentinel mice. Out of 16 total pathogens detected, assessment of 1mo-Crf from both TUM10 and TUM60 cages detected 84% and 79% of pathogens, respectively, while SBS samples detected only 47% of pathogens. AS in TUM60 and TUM10 cages detected the fewest pathogens (24% and 13%, respectively). These results indicate that the novel tumbler device is an effective and reliable tool for rodent health monitoring programs and a suitable replacement for live animal sentinels. In this study, 1mo-cRF in TUM10 cages detected the highest number of pathogens.

在啮齿动物健康监测计划中寻找活体动物哨兵的替代品是动物研究 3R(减少、替代和改进)的基础。我们评估了一种新型电池驱动翻滚装置的功效,该装置可旋转与样本培养基直接接触的污秽垫料,与使用排气样本培养基和污秽垫料哨兵(SBS)小鼠相比,效果更佳。使用了四个啮齿动物架,每个架上有 3 个测试笼:一个笼子装有每周旋转两次、每次 10 分钟的翻滚装置(TUM10),一个笼子装有每周旋转两次、每次 60 分钟的翻滚装置(TUM60),还有一个笼子饲养 2 只雌性 Crl:CD1(ICR)小鼠。每隔 2 周,每个测试笼都会收到从各自架子上的所有笼子中收集的脏垫料。除了脏垫料外,滚揉装置还包含各种样本收集介质:在研究期间一直留在滚揉装置中的接触式 Reemay 过滤器(3 个月-cRF)、每月更换一次的接触式 Reemay 过滤器(1 个月-cRF)、每两周更换一次笼子时添加的粘胶棉签 (AS),以及位于笼子排气口的排气 Reemay 过滤器。在无动物方法中,所有分析都是通过两种样本介质的直接 PCR 进行的,并从哨兵小鼠身上收集粪便颗粒、体拭子和口腔拭子。在检测到的全部 16 种病原体中,对 TUM10 和 TUM60 笼中的 1 个月-cRF 进行的评估分别检测到 84% 和 79% 的病原体,而 SBS 样品仅检测到 47% 的病原体。TUM60 和 TUM10 笼中的 AS 检测到的病原体最少(分别为 24% 和 13%)。这些结果表明,新型不倒翁装置是啮齿动物健康监测计划的一种有效、可靠的工具,是活体动物哨兵的合适替代品。在这项研究中,TUM10笼子中的1个月cRF检测到的病原体数量最多。
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引用次数: 0
Ammonia Accumulation as a Proxy to Determine Cage-change Frequency in Antelope Ground Squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus). 用于测定羚羊地松鼠(Ammospermophilus leucurus)换笼频率的氨。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000047
Megan M Ellis, Jourdan E Brune, Karuna Patil, Thea L Brabb

Due to a lack of evidence-based standards for cage-change intervals for antelope ground squirrels (AGS, Ammospermophilus leucurus), we evaluated cage ammonia accumulation in our colony of adult, wild-caught AGS and identified factors that influenced ammonia levels. Intracage ammonia was measured daily in singly housed AGS in static caging that contained a running wheel and 1/2, 3/4, 1, or 2 quart (qt) of corncob bedding. Cages were changed when ammonia levels reached greater than 50ppm, our upper acceptable limit for ammonia based on mouse studies of ammonia aversion and toxicity. We also measured average daily water consumption over 2 wk to examine any correlation between water use and ammonia accumulation. We hypothesized that the desert-dwelling AGS would not reach intracage ammonia levels of greater than 50ppm in a 2-wk interval at any bedding volume. Our data showed that intracage ammonia was highly variable among individuals and was significantly associated with water consumption and bedding volumes. Seventeen percent of AGS on 1/2qt of bedding and 18% on 3/4qt of bedding reached greater than 50ppm ammonia before 7 d. All AGS on 1 and 2qt of bedding remained below 50ppm ammonia for 1 wk. Even when maintained on 2qt of bedding, not all AGS remained below 50ppm ammonia for 2 wk. Therefore, we concluded that the most appropriate option was weekly cage change for singly housed AGS on 1qt of bedding in static caging.

由于缺乏关于羚羊地松鼠(AGS,Ammospermophilus leucurus)换笼间隔时间的循证标准,我们评估了野生捕获的成年 AGS 群体的笼内氨累积情况,并确定了影响氨水平的因素。每天测量单个饲养的 AGS 笼内氨气含量,笼内有一个运转的轮子和 1/2 夸脱、3/4 夸脱、1 夸脱或 2 夸脱(qt)的玉米芯垫料。当氨含量超过 50 ppm(根据小鼠对氨的厌恶和毒性研究得出的氨的可接受上限)时,我们会更换笼子。我们还测量了 2 周内的平均日耗水量,以研究用水量与氨积累之间的相关性。我们假设,在任何垫料量下,沙漠栖息的 AGS 在 2 周内的笼内氨水平都不会超过 50 ppm。我们的数据显示,不同个体的笼内氨氮变化很大,并且与耗水量和垫料量有显著关联。使用 1/2 夸脱垫料和 3/4 夸脱垫料的 AGS 中,分别有 17% 和 18% 在 7 d 前达到 50 ppm 以上的氨。即使使用 2 夸脱垫料,也并非所有 AGS 在 2 周内的氨氮含量都低于 50 ppm。因此,我们得出结论,最合适的方案是在静态笼中使用 1 夸脱垫料的单个饲养 AGS 每周换笼一次。
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引用次数: 0
Noise and Vibration Generation and Response of Mice (Mus musculus) to Routine Intrafacility Transportation Methods. 小鼠(Mus musculus)对设施内常规运输方法产生的噪音和振动及其反应。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000096
Jessica R Cordingley, Jean Nemzek, Nathan Qi

Intrafacility transport of mice is an essential function for both laboratory and husbandry personnel. However, transport may induce a stress response that can alter research findings and negatively impact animal welfare. To determine minimally adverse intrafacility transport methods, in-cage noise and vibration exposure during transport on a variety of transport vehicles (hand carrying, stainless steel rack, flatbed cart, metal teacart, plastic teacart, and a cart with pneumatic wheels) were measured. Under-cage and in-cage padding was tested for its ability to decrease noise and vibration on each vehicle. Behavioral (open field test and elevated plus maze) and corticosterone responses of mice were then measured following transport on the most adverse (metal teacart) and least adverse (pneumatic cart) methods of multicage transport. Behavioral measures showed no difference between transported mice and untransported mice in both single- and group-housed settings. Plasma corticosterone was significantly elevated in mice transported on the metal teacart immediately following transport and continued to have elevated trends in circadian peaks during the 48h of sampling. The cart with pneumatic wheels was most effective at reducing noise and vibration, reflected in posttransport corticosterone readings that remained equivalent to those in untransported mice. This study demonstrates that mitigation of noise and vibration during cart transport may decrease the impact of transport on certain stress parameters in mice.

小鼠的院内运输是实验室和饲养人员的一项基本职能。然而,运输可能会引起应激反应,从而改变研究结果并对动物福利产生负面影响。为了确定最低限度的设施内运输方法,我们测量了各种运输工具(手推车、不锈钢架、平板车、金属茶车、塑料茶车和带气动轮的推车)在运输过程中的笼内噪音和振动暴露。测试了笼下和笼内衬垫在每种运输工具上降低噪音和振动的能力。然后测量了小鼠在使用最不利(金属茶车)和最不利(气动车)的多笼运输方法运输后的行为(开阔地试验和高架加迷宫)和皮质酮反应。行为测量结果表明,在单人饲养和集体饲养环境下,转运小鼠与未转运小鼠之间没有差异。使用金属茶车运输的小鼠在运输后血浆皮质酮明显升高,在取样的 48 小时内昼夜节律峰值继续呈上升趋势。带气动轮的推车在减少噪音和振动方面最为有效,这反映在运输后的皮质酮读数与未运输小鼠的读数相当。这项研究表明,减轻推车运输过程中的噪音和振动可降低运输对小鼠某些应激参数的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Elephant in the Room: Recognition and Documentation of Personnel Practices That Confound Reproducibility. 房间里的大象:认识和记录影响可重复性的人事惯例。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000002
F Claire Hankenson

The ability to apply findings from animal studies efficiently and effectively is predicated on an understanding of biology and pathobiology, how that biology relates to the human systems being modeled, and how the studies are conducted and reported. This overview discusses various factors in research within the animal environment (referred to as extrinsic factors) that the NIH now expects to be documented to foster replicability in science and expand interpretations of study outcomes. Specifically, an important extrinsic factor in research with animals is that of individual personnel who perform handling practices, participate in research interactions, and share an overall presence in the housing facility with animals, all of which can confound reproducibility efforts in biomedical science. An improved understanding of the influences and behaviors of animal research personnel on animal responses is critical with regard to research results and the interpretation of data collected from animal models of biomedical disease.

高效应用动物研究结果的能力取决于对生物学和病理生物学的理解、这种生物学与所模拟的人类系统之间的关系以及研究的开展和报告方式。本概述讨论了动物环境中研究的各种因素(称为外在因素),NIH 现在希望将这些因素记录在案,以促进科学的可复制性并扩大对研究结果的解释。具体来说,动物研究中的一个重要外在因素是进行操作实践、参与研究互动以及与动物共同居住在饲养设施中的个别人员。更好地了解动物研究人员对动物反应的影响和行为,对于研究结果和解释从生物医学疾病动物模型中收集的数据至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Capromorelin in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). 评估卡波莫瑞林对猕猴的安全性和有效性
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000010
Gianni A Campellone, Kirk A Easley, Joe B Jenkins, Sherrie M Jean

Nonhuman primates used in biomedical research may experience clinically significant weight loss for a variety of reasons. Episodes of anorexia (complete loss of appetite) or hyporexia (decreased appetite) can result in significant weight loss, potentially altering animal welfare and scientific studies. The FDA has approved several appetite stimulants for use in domestic species, but currently none are approved for use in NHP. Treatment of inappetence and weight loss in NHP often relies on the extralabel use of these compounds. Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist. As a growth hormone secretagogue, capromorelin increases appetite, leading to weight gain. Studies in several species have shown a positive correlation between capromorelin administration and weight gain; in 2017, an oral solution of capromorelin received FDA approval for use in dogs. We tested this solution in healthy adult rhesus macaques (n = 3 males and 3 females) for its effects on body weight and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A control group (n = 2 males and 2 females) was used for comparison. Treated macaques received a 3mg/kg oral dose daily for 7 d. Clinical signs were observed daily. Weights were collected before, during and at the end of treatment. Blood was drawn before, during and after treatment for measurement of IGF-1 levels and standard hematology and biochemistry parameters. Baseline-adjusted mean body weights and IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in treated as compared with control monkeys after 7 d of beginning treatment (body weight of 10.5±0.1kg (mean ± SEM) and 10.1±0.1kg, respectively; IGF-1 of 758±43ng/mL and 639±22ng/mL, respectively). Capromorelin administration was not associated with appreciable changes in hematologic and biochemical values in treated macaques. These findings suggest that capromorelin may be useful for treating inappetence and weight loss in NHP, and based on blood analysis, a 7-d course of treatment does not appear to cause acute toxicity.

由于各种原因,用于生物医学研究的非人灵长类动物可能会出现明显的临床体重减轻。厌食症(完全丧失食欲)或厌食症(食欲减退)的发作会导致体重大幅下降,从而可能改变动物福利和科学研究。美国食品和药物管理局已批准在家养动物中使用几种食欲刺激剂,但目前还没有批准在非家养动物中使用。治疗 NHP 的食欲不振和体重减轻通常依赖于这些化合物的标签外使用。卡普瑞林是一种胃泌素受体激动剂。作为一种生长激素分泌剂,卡波莫瑞林可增加食欲,导致体重增加。在多个物种中进行的研究表明,服用卡波瑞林与体重增加之间存在正相关关系;2017 年,一种卡波瑞林口服溶液获得了美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)的批准,可用于犬类。我们在健康成年猕猴(n = 3 雄 3 雌)中测试了这种溶液对体重和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的影响。对照组(n = 2 雄 2 雌)用于比较。每天观察猕猴的临床症状。在治疗前、治疗期间和治疗结束时收集体重。在治疗前、治疗中和治疗后抽血测量 IGF-1 水平以及标准血液学和生物化学参数。开始治疗 7 天后,经基线调整的治疗猴平均体重和 IGF-1 水平明显高于对照猴(体重分别为 10.5 ± 0.1 kg(平均值 ± SEM)和 10.1 ± 0.1 kg;IGF-1 分别为 758 ± 43 ng/mL 和 639 ± 22 ng/mL)。服用卡泊瑞林后,猕猴的血液学和生化值没有明显变化。这些研究结果表明,卡泊瑞林可用于治疗NHP的食欲不振和体重减轻,而且根据血液分析,7天的疗程似乎不会引起急性毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of High-protein and High-fiber Diets on Weight and Glucose Regulation in Spiny Mice (Acomys cahirinus). 高蛋白和高纤维膳食对刺鼠(Acomys cahirinus)体重和血糖调节的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000112
Joette W Crews, Ammar A Rashied, Tamas Nagy, Cristin E Roach

Despite the long-term contributions of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) to research, basic knowledge of appropriate nutrition is lacking for this species. In the wild, spiny mice eat a high-fiber, high-protein food source. In the research setting, spiny mice are prone to obesity that can lead to diabetes mellitus. Common dietary modifications for weight control in humans with diabetes mellitus consist of increased fiber and protein. We hypothesized that increasing the dietary protein or fiber of spiny mice would reduce weight gain and improve their glycemic control, whereas the combination of protein and fiber in the diet would achieve optimal weight management and glycemic control without diet-related pathologic changes. We randomly assigned cages of young adult spiny mice (n = 34) to one of 4 diets: high protein (HP), high fiber (HF), a combination of both high protein and high fiber (HPF), or the base (control) diet (BD). Over the 8-wk study, spiny mice given HF diets maintained baseline weights despite the elevated dietary protein. None of the diets altered blood glucose levels; all diet groups maintained mean blood glucose levels within normal ranges. Spiny mice seem particularly sensitive to changes within their environment, as seen by increased food waste and transient elevated blood glucose levels when the spiny mice were transitioned to novel diets. The short-term elevations in protein and fiber that we tested were well tolerated by spiny mice. Although HF was effective in controlling weight, the ideal percentage of fiber still needs to be determined. The combination diet (HPF) maintained weight and body condition scores and showed a nonsignificant elevation of blood glucose that warrants a longer diet trial before our recommending this specific combination.

尽管刺鼠(Acomys cahirinus)对研究工作做出了长期贡献,但人们对该物种的适当营养仍然缺乏基本了解。在野外,刺鼠吃高纤维、高蛋白的食物。在研究环境中,刺鼠容易肥胖,从而导致糖尿病。糖尿病患者控制体重的常见饮食调整包括增加纤维和蛋白质。我们假设,增加刺鼠膳食中的蛋白质或纤维可减少体重增加并改善其血糖控制,而膳食中蛋白质和纤维的组合则可实现最佳的体重管理和血糖控制,且不会出现与膳食相关的病理变化。我们将一笼年轻的成年刺鼠(n = 34)随机分配到四种饮食中的一种:高蛋白(HP)、高纤维(HF)、高蛋白和高纤维的组合(HPF)或基础(对照)饮食(BD)。在为期 8 周的研究中,尽管膳食蛋白质升高,但摄入高纤维膳食的刺鼠体重仍保持在基线水平。所有饮食都不会改变血糖水平;所有饮食组的平均血糖水平都保持在正常范围内。刺鼠似乎对环境变化特别敏感,这从刺鼠过渡到新饮食时食物浪费增加和血糖水平短暂升高可以看出。我们测试的蛋白质和纤维的短期增加对刺鼠的耐受性很好。虽然 HF 能有效控制体重,但理想的纤维比例仍有待确定。混合饮食(HPF)可维持体重和身体状况评分,但血糖升高不明显,因此在推荐这种特定的混合饮食之前,需要进行更长时间的饮食试验。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacokinetics, Fecal Output, and Grimace Scores in Rabbits Given Long-acting Buprenorphine or Fentanyl for Postsurgical Analgesia. 给予长效丁丙诺啡或芬太尼用于手术后镇痛的兔子的药代动力学、粪便排出量和龇牙评分。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000074
Michelle R Farkas, Shanelle Dorn, Liam Muller, Vikram Pal Singh, Yadira J Sepulveda, Raymond T Suhandynata, Jeremiah D Momper, Koichi Masuda, Philip J Richter

The New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a frequently used surgical model. Pain management after surgery is a critical aspect of animal welfare. Recently, a long-acting buprenorphine formulation (Ethiqa XR; EXR) was approved for use in rats and mice but has not yet been investigated in rabbits. The current study aimed to determine whether a single subcutaneous dose of 0.15mg/kg of EXR could achieve and maintain therapeutic buprenorphine plasma concentrations (0.1ng/mL) for 72h in male and female rabbits. We also evaluated the safety profiles of EXR and the fentanyl patch (FP) by assessing fecal output after surgery, because opioids are known to decrease intestinal motility. Behavior and pain scores were compared for rabbits that received either EXR or the FP after undergoing an annulus puncture procedure to induce osteoarthritis. EXR at 0.15mg/kg SC provided a shorter time to onset and sustained analgesia for 72h in male and female rabbits, whereas the FP provided suboptimal analgesia after 48h. Both EXR and FP reduced fecal output after surgery. Output returned to baseline levels within 72h for the EXR group and remained slightly below baseline at 96h after surgery for the fentanyl group. Grimace pain scores revealed no significant difference between treatment groups. These results suggest that EXR is a safe and effective option for postoperative pain management in rabbits.

新西兰白兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)是一种常用的手术模型。手术后的疼痛控制是动物福利的一个重要方面。最近,一种长效丁丙诺啡制剂(Ethiqa XR; EXR)被批准用于大鼠和小鼠,但尚未在兔子身上进行研究。本研究旨在确定单次皮下注射 0.15 毫克/千克 EXR 是否能使雄性和雌性兔子的丁丙诺啡血浆浓度(0.1 纳克/毫升)达到并维持治疗浓度 72 小时。我们还通过评估手术后的粪便排出量来评估 EXR 和芬太尼贴片 (FP) 的安全性,因为众所周知阿片类药物会降低肠道蠕动。对接受环状穿刺手术诱发骨关节炎后接受EXR或FP治疗的兔子的行为和疼痛评分进行了比较。0.15 mg/kg SC剂量的EXR在雄性和雌性兔子中的起效时间更短,镇痛效果可持续72小时,而FP在48小时后的镇痛效果并不理想。EXR组的排便量在术后72小时内恢复到基线水平,而芬太尼组的排便量在术后96小时仍略低于基线水平。疼痛评分显示,治疗组之间没有显著差异。这些结果表明,EXR 是兔子术后止痛的一种安全有效的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Venipuncture Site Influences Blood-drop Volume in C57BL/6 Mice. 静脉穿刺部位对 C57BL/6 小鼠滴血量的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000083
Elizabeth S Lavin, Erica R Feldman, Scott M Soprano, Elizabeth S Moore

Many experiments require the collection of serial blood samples from mice. However, the size of mice limits the volume of blood that can be safely collected as a survival procedure. In IACUC protocols, investigators may report the amount of blood they collect from mice as a number of drops. Many institutions, including ours, use an anecdotal conversion factor (1drop of mouse blood = 25μL) to ensure that blood-collection volumes are compliant with institutional guidelines. To our knowledge, previous work has not experimentally determined the volume of a drop of mouse blood. In this 10-wk crossover experiment, 2 phlebotomists bled 30 C57BL/6J mice from 3 sites (facial, saphenous, and tail) using one or 2 different needle gauge sizes per site. Male and female mice were weighed weekly and divided among 5 groups (n = 6): left and right tail vein, left and right saphenous vein, and facial vein. A single blood drop from each site was weighed, and the volume of each drop was calculated using the average blood density determined from 8 mice terminally bled at the end of the study. Venipuncture site and side significantly influenced blood-drop weight and thus calculated volume. Facial vein puncture produced the largest drop volume (mean: 21.7μL), followed by the saphenous vein (mean: 9.97μL) and tail vein (mean: 4.96μL). Collection from the facial vein was associated with more hemorrhage and morbidity. Left-sided venipuncture was associated with slightly larger-volume blood drops, though the effect size of side was small. The results of this study may be useful in more accurately estimating blood loss via conversion of drops to volume. Our data indicate that blood collection from saphenous and tail veins minimizes blood loss relative to facial vein puncture and may optimize both serial collection of small-volume blood samples and animal welfare.

许多实验需要连续采集小鼠的血液样本。然而,小鼠的体型限制了作为存活程序可安全采集的血量。在 IACUC 协议中,研究人员可能会以滴数的形式报告从小鼠身上采集的血量。包括我们在内的许多机构都会使用一个传闻中的换算系数(1 滴小鼠血液 = 25 µL)来确保采血量符合机构指南的要求。据我们所知,以前的工作还没有通过实验确定一滴小鼠血液的体积。在这项为期 10 周的交叉实验中,2 名抽血员从 3 个部位(面部、隐静脉和尾部)为 30 只 C57BL/6J 小鼠抽血,每个部位使用 1 或 2 种不同规格的针头。雄性和雌性小鼠每周称重一次,并分成 5 组(n = 6):左右尾静脉、左右隐静脉和面部静脉。对每个部位的一滴血进行称重,并根据研究结束时对 8 只小鼠进行终末放血测定的平均血液密度计算每滴血的体积。静脉穿刺部位和侧面对血滴重量和血滴体积的计算有很大影响。面部静脉穿刺产生的血滴量最大(平均:21.7 µL),其次是隐静脉(平均:9.97 µL)和尾静脉(平均:4.96 µL)。从面部静脉采集的出血量和发病率较高。左侧静脉穿刺与滴血量稍大有关,但两侧静脉穿刺的影响较小。这项研究的结果可能有助于通过将血滴转换为血容量来更准确地估计失血量。我们的数据表明,相对于面静脉穿刺,从隐静脉和尾静脉采血可最大限度地减少失血量,并可优化小容量血液样本的连续采集和动物福利。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Thermal Support during Anesthesia Induction on Body Temperature in C57BL/6 and Nude Mice. 评估麻醉诱导期间热支持对 C57BL/6 和裸鼠体温的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000085
Brianna N Gaskill, Christina Boykin, Israel Zuniga, Kate Maynard, Fabrizio Scorrano

Heat supplementation during surgery is a common practice; however, thermal support is not commonly used during anesthesia induction. Mice lose body temperature quickly, and air movement can exacerbate this, potentially putting mice at a thermal deficit before surgery. Whether the method of warming during induction affects overall heat loss during anesthesia is unknown. We hypothesized that the method of heating would affect body temperature (Tb) during anesthesia induction, maintenance, recovery, and once placed back on the rack. Mice (C57BL/6NHsd-6M/6F [C57BL/6]; Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu [Nude]; N = 24;12M/12F) were assigned to a treatment in a factorial design: thermal chamber (TC; ambient temperature [Ta] = 28.8°C); heating pad (HP; induction chamber placed on an electric heating pad;Ta = 28.4°C); and control (Ctrl; Ta = 21.6°C). During induction, one mouse at a time was anesthetized with isoflurane over a 3min period and then maintained under anesthesia for 10min on a hot water heating pad (33 °C). Then isoflurane was stopped and time to ambulation was recorded. Tb and activity were tracked in the home cage on the rack before and after anesthesia. During induction, Ctrl mice lost significantly more heat (-2.8 °C) than did TC (+0.2 °C) and HP mice (+0.1 °C) but TC and HP were not different. During anesthesia maintenance, Ctrl mice regained 1 °C, but their Tb was still lower than that of the treated groups. Nude mice consistently had a lower Tb than C57BL/6 mice, regardless of treatment or anesthesia phase. C57BL/6 Ctrl mice took longer to ambulate than either HP or TC mice, but the method of heating did not differentially affect Nude mice. In general, C57BL/6 as compared with Nude and females as compared with males were comparatively more active and had higher Tb during certain times of day, regardless of the heating methods. Overall, our findings support the provision of heat during anesthesia induction, regardless of method, to reduce overall Tb loss during a short anesthesia event.

手术期间补充热量是一种常见的做法;但在麻醉诱导期间,热支持并不常用。小鼠体温下降很快,而空气流动会加剧体温下降,有可能使小鼠在手术前处于热量不足状态。诱导期间的升温方法是否会影响麻醉期间的总体热量损失尚不清楚。我们假设加热方法会影响麻醉诱导、维持、恢复和放回架上时的体温(Tb)。小鼠(C57BL/6NHsd-6M/6F [C57BL/6];Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu [Nude];N = 24;12M/12F)被分配到一个因子设计的处理中:热室(TC;环境温度 [Ta] = 28.8 °C);加热垫(HP;诱导室置于电热垫上;Ta = 28.4 °C);对照组(Ctrl;Ta = 21.6 °C)。诱导期间,每次用异氟烷麻醉一只小鼠,持续 3 分钟,然后在热水加热垫(33 °C)上保持麻醉状态 10 分钟。然后停止使用异氟醚,记录小鼠活动时间。在麻醉前后,在家养笼的架子上跟踪 Tb 和活动。在诱导过程中,Ctrl小鼠的热量损失(-2.8 °C)明显高于TC小鼠(+0.2 °C)和HP小鼠(+0.1 °C),但TC和HP没有差异。在麻醉维持期间,Ctrl 小鼠的体温恢复了 1 °C,但其热量仍低于治疗组。无论治疗或麻醉阶段如何,裸鼠的总热量始终低于 C57BL/6 小鼠。与 HP 或 TC 小鼠相比,C57BL/6 Ctrl 小鼠移动的时间更长,但加热方法对裸鼠的影响没有差异。总的来说,无论采用哪种加热方法,C57BL/6 小鼠与裸鼠相比,雌性小鼠与雄性小鼠相比,在一天中的某些时间段都更活跃,Tb 值也更高。总之,我们的研究结果支持在麻醉诱导期间提供热量(无论采用哪种方法),以减少短时间麻醉过程中的总结核损失。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility of a Sprague???Dawley Rat Model for Investigating the Effects of Seated Whole-body Vibration. 研究坐姿全身振动影响的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠模型的可行性。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000105
Anya König, Cor-Jacques Kat, Andre Ganswindt, Natalie Keough, Ilse Janse van Rensburg, Richard Mavunganidze, Jolandie Myburgh

Vehicular whole-body vibration (WBV) can have long-term adverse effects on human quality of life. Animal models can be used to study pathophysiologic effects of vibration. The goal of this study was to assess animal cooperation and well-being to determine the feasibility of a novel seated rat model for investigating the effects of WBV on biologic systems. Twenty-four male Sprague???Dawley rats were used. The experiment consisted of an acclimation phase, 2 training phases (TrP1 and TrP2), and a testing phase (TeP), including weekly radiographic imaging. During acclimation, rats were housed in pairs in standard cages without vibration. First, experimental (EG; n = 18) and control group 1 (C1; n = 3) rats were placed in a vibration apparatus without vibration, with increasing duration over 5 d during TrP1. EG rats were exposed to vertical random WBV that was increased in magnitude over 5 d during TrP2 until reaching the vibration signal used during TeP (15min, 0.7m??s-2 root mean square, unweighted). C1 rats were placed in the vibration apparatus but received no vibration during any phase. Control group 2 (C2; n = 3) rats remained in the home cages. Cooperation was evaluated with regard to rat-apparatus interactions and position compliance. Behavior, weight, and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGCM) were used to evaluate animal well-being. We observed good cooperation and no behavioral patterns or weight loss between phases, indicating little or no animal stress. The differences in fGCM concentration between groups indicated that the EG rats had lower stress levels than the control rats in all phases except TrP1. Thus, this model elicited little or no stress in the conscious, unrestrained, seated rats.

车辆全身振动(WBV)会对人类的生活质量产生长期不利影响。动物模型可用于研究振动的病理生理效应。本研究的目的是评估动物的合作性和健康状况,以确定研究 WBV 对生物系统影响的新型坐姿大鼠模型的可行性。实验使用了 24 只雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠。实验包括一个适应阶段、两个训练阶段(TrP1 和 TrP2)和一个测试阶段(TeP),包括每周一次的放射成像。在适应阶段,大鼠成对饲养在无振动的标准笼子中。首先,将实验组(EG;n = 18)和对照组 1(C1;n = 3)大鼠置于无振动的振动器中,在 TrP1 期间持续 5 天,持续时间逐渐延长。在 TrP2 期间,EG 大鼠暴露于垂直随机 WBV 下,WBV 的幅度在 5 天内不断增加,直到达到 TeP 期间使用的振动信号(15 分钟,0.7 m-s-2 均方根,未加权)。C1 组大鼠被放置在振动装置中,但在任何阶段都没有受到振动。对照组 2(C2;n = 3)的大鼠仍留在原笼中。根据大鼠与仪器之间的互动以及对位置的服从性来评估大鼠的合作情况。行为、体重和粪便糖皮质激素代谢物浓度(fGCM)用于评估动物的健康状况。我们观察到动物合作良好,各阶段之间没有行为模式或体重减轻,这表明动物几乎没有受到压力。各组之间 fGCM 浓度的差异表明,除 TrP1 外,EG 大鼠在所有阶段的应激水平都低于对照组大鼠。因此,该模型对有意识、不受约束的坐着的大鼠几乎没有产生应激。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS
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