Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100690
Ehab Harahsheh MBBS , Oana M. Dumitrascu MD, MSc , Katelyn Marsden MBBS, MSc , Vanesa K. Vanderhye MSN , Justin Cramer MD , Cumara B. O’Carroll MD, MPH
Objective
To improve adherence to current national guideline-recommended practices for managing acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients presenting to Mayo Clinic Arizona emergency department.
Patients and Methods
We launched a quality improvement initiative from April 1, 2024, to April 30, 2025, using the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control framework. Initial 6-month goals included: (1) administering antihypertensive treatment within 30 minutes of identifying ICH in ≥80% of patients with systolic blood pressure >150 mm Hg; (2) reversing anticoagulation within 45 minutes in ≥80% of anticoagulated patients; (3) performing repeat computed tomography head scans at 6 hours post-ICH identification in ≥80% of patients; and (4) initiating vascular neurology and neurosurgery assessments within 15 minutes of ICH recognition. Identified care gaps, informed by stakeholder feedback, led to the creation of a standardized Code ICH protocol and an emergency department-specific ICH electronic medical record power plan.
Results
Twenty patients were included in the 1-6-month interval (Code ICH activated in 15/20 (75%) of eligible patients) and 12 patients in the 7-13 month interval (Code ICH activated in 8/12 [67%]). Antihypertensive medication administration within 30 minutes occurred in 92% (11/12) and 100% (3/3) of patients with systolic blood pressure >150 mm Hg. Anticoagulation reversal within 45 minutes was achieved in all eligible patients (100%, 2/2). Repeat computed tomography scans at 6 hours post-ICH identification were completed in 93% (11/12) and 100% (8/8) of patients at respective time points. Immediate vascular neurology evaluations were performed in all patients, and neurosurgery consultations occurred in 87% (20/23). A sustainability plan was developed postintervention to maintain continued Code ICH activation and compliance.
Conclusion
Implementation of a structured Code ICH protocol facilitated prompt neurological assessments and adherence with current national acute ICH management guidelines.
目的提高对目前国家指南推荐的急性自发性脑出血(ICH)患者在亚利桑那州梅奥诊所急诊科的治疗依从性。患者和方法我们从2024年4月1日至2025年4月30日启动了一项质量改进计划,采用定义-测量-分析-改进-控制框架。最初的6个月目标包括:(1)≥80%收缩压≤150 mm Hg的患者在发现脑出血后30分钟内给予降压治疗;(2)≥80%抗凝患者在45分钟内逆转抗凝;(3)≥80%的患者在脑出血确诊后6小时进行重复头部ct扫描;(4)在脑出血识别后15分钟内启动血管神经学和神经外科评估。根据利益攸关方的反馈,确定了护理差距,从而制定了标准化的ICH代码协议和针对急诊科的ICH电子病历电源计划。结果20例患者在1-6个月的时间间隔(符合条件的患者中有15/20(75%)激活了ICH代码),12例患者在7-13个月的时间间隔(8/12[67%]激活了ICH代码)。92%(11/12)和100%(3/3)收缩压为150 mm Hg的患者在30分钟内给予降压药物,所有符合条件的患者在45分钟内实现抗凝逆转(100%,2/2)。分别有93%(11/12)和100%(8/8)的患者在各自的时间点完成脑出血确诊后6小时的重复计算机断层扫描。所有患者均立即进行血管神经学评估,87%(20/23)的患者进行了神经外科会诊。干预后制定了可持续性计划,以保持持续的ICH守则的激活和遵守。结论:实施结构化的Code ICH协议有助于及时进行神经学评估,并遵守当前国家急性ICH管理指南。
{"title":"Code Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Quality Improvement Pilot Study","authors":"Ehab Harahsheh MBBS , Oana M. Dumitrascu MD, MSc , Katelyn Marsden MBBS, MSc , Vanesa K. Vanderhye MSN , Justin Cramer MD , Cumara B. O’Carroll MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To improve adherence to current national guideline-recommended practices for managing acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients presenting to Mayo Clinic Arizona emergency department.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>We launched a quality improvement initiative from April 1, 2024, to April 30, 2025, using the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control framework. Initial 6-month goals included: (1) administering antihypertensive treatment within 30 minutes of identifying ICH in ≥80% of patients with systolic blood pressure >150 mm Hg; (2) reversing anticoagulation within 45 minutes in ≥80% of anticoagulated patients; (3) performing repeat computed tomography head scans at 6 hours post-ICH identification in ≥80% of patients; and (4) initiating vascular neurology and neurosurgery assessments within 15 minutes of ICH recognition. Identified care gaps, informed by stakeholder feedback, led to the creation of a standardized Code ICH protocol and an emergency department-specific ICH electronic medical record power plan.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty patients were included in the 1-6-month interval (Code ICH activated in 15/20 (75%) of eligible patients) and 12 patients in the 7-13 month interval (Code ICH activated in 8/12 [67%]). Antihypertensive medication administration within 30 minutes occurred in 92% (11/12) and 100% (3/3) of patients with systolic blood pressure >150 mm Hg. Anticoagulation reversal within 45 minutes was achieved in all eligible patients (100%, 2/2). Repeat computed tomography scans at 6 hours post-ICH identification were completed in 93% (11/12) and 100% (8/8) of patients at respective time points. Immediate vascular neurology evaluations were performed in all patients, and neurosurgery consultations occurred in 87% (20/23). A sustainability plan was developed postintervention to maintain continued Code ICH activation and compliance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Implementation of a structured Code ICH protocol facilitated prompt neurological assessments and adherence with current national acute ICH management guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100691
Sabahattin M. Daloglu MPhil , Ceren Coskun BSc , Gokce Bekar MSc , Senanur Sahin BSc , Haley P. Letter MD , Harvey Castro MD , Soner Hacihaliloglu MBA , Ilker Hacihaliloglu PhD
Objective
To overcome critical limitations of B-mode ultrasound in artificial intelligence diagnostics—including poor image quality and operator variability—by developing a multifeature framework that combines raw B-mode scans with 2 optimized representations (enhanced ultrasound and quality-improved ultrasound) for robust breast cancer classification.
Patients and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 62,912 breast ultrasound scans (100%) from 688 patients (100%) at the Mayo Clinic (from December 01, 1989 to March 30, 2024). The study compared 3 deep learning architectures—graph convolutional networks (GCNs), masked autoencoders (MAEs), and multi-scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN)—using either standard B-mode inputs alone or combined with our enhanced features. Performance was evaluated through 3-fold cross-validation at the patient-level, with primary metrics including accuracy, area under the curve, F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
The multifeature approach reported substantial improvements across all metrics. For GCNs, multifeature integration increased accuracy from 0.508 to 0.845 and F1-score from 0.067 to 0.835. Sensitivity improved dramatically from 5.6% to 91.7%, while specificity showed a modest decrease from 85.7% to 79.0%. The MAE models showed different but complementary strengths, with multifeature integration improving accuracy from 0.775 to 0.873, F1-score from 0.785 to 0.822, and achieving perfect specificity (100%) while maintaining clinically acceptable sensitivity (71.1%). The MSCNN, included as a baseline convolutional architecture, showed minimal improvement with multifeature integration, with accuracy increasing slightly from 0.571 to 0.585 and specificity from 0.667 to 0.819. These results highlight the superior capability of GCNs and MAEs to effectively leverage multifeature information in breast ultrasound analysis compared with conventional MSCNN.
Conclusion
PONS-enhanced multifeature ultrasound significantly improves breast cancer detection accuracy versus B-mode alone, offering complementary clinical solutions: GCNs for high sensitivity screening (91.7%) and MAEs for high-specificity diagnosis (100%). Results demonstrate clinical potential across diverse populations, with future work exploring enhanced fusion strategies.
{"title":"Multifeature Ultrasound-Based Classification for Breast Lesions: A Comparative Study of PONS Image Enhancement Technology","authors":"Sabahattin M. Daloglu MPhil , Ceren Coskun BSc , Gokce Bekar MSc , Senanur Sahin BSc , Haley P. Letter MD , Harvey Castro MD , Soner Hacihaliloglu MBA , Ilker Hacihaliloglu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To overcome critical limitations of B-mode ultrasound in artificial intelligence diagnostics—including poor image quality and operator variability—by developing a multifeature framework that combines raw B-mode scans with 2 optimized representations (enhanced ultrasound and quality-improved ultrasound) for robust breast cancer classification.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study of 62,912 breast ultrasound scans (100%) from 688 patients (100%) at the Mayo Clinic (from December 01, 1989 to March 30, 2024). The study compared 3 deep learning architectures—graph convolutional networks (GCNs), masked autoencoders (MAEs), and multi-scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN)—using either standard B-mode inputs alone or combined with our enhanced features. Performance was evaluated through 3-fold cross-validation at the patient-level, with primary metrics including accuracy, area under the curve, F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The multifeature approach reported substantial improvements across all metrics. For GCNs, multifeature integration increased accuracy from 0.508 to 0.845 and F1-score from 0.067 to 0.835. Sensitivity improved dramatically from 5.6% to 91.7%, while specificity showed a modest decrease from 85.7% to 79.0%. The MAE models showed different but complementary strengths, with multifeature integration improving accuracy from 0.775 to 0.873, F1-score from 0.785 to 0.822, and achieving perfect specificity (100%) while maintaining clinically acceptable sensitivity (71.1%). The MSCNN, included as a baseline convolutional architecture, showed minimal improvement with multifeature integration, with accuracy increasing slightly from 0.571 to 0.585 and specificity from 0.667 to 0.819. These results highlight the superior capability of GCNs and MAEs to effectively leverage multifeature information in breast ultrasound analysis compared with conventional MSCNN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PONS-enhanced multifeature ultrasound significantly improves breast cancer detection accuracy versus B-mode alone, offering complementary clinical solutions: GCNs for high sensitivity screening (91.7%) and MAEs for high-specificity diagnosis (100%). Results demonstrate clinical potential across diverse populations, with future work exploring enhanced fusion strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100689
Shane A. Fuentes MD , Gregory J. Griepentrog MD , Rebecca L. King MD , N. Nora Bennani MD , Supavit Chesdachai MD
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma is a rare, aggressive, Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy. We reported an unusual case of a woman in her middle 40s presenting with progressive left-sided periorbital swelling, redness, and pain, initially treated as a refractory preseptal cellulitis. Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy, symptoms worsened. Imaging showed inflammatory stranding and phlegmonous enhancement involving the left orbit. A biopsy revealed the diagnosis of primary orbital extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) without sinonasal involvement, which is extremely uncommon. This case emphasized the need to consider other noninfectious diagnoses in patients with preseptal cellulitis unresponsive to antibiotics.
{"title":"A Masked Intruder: Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Preseptal Cellulitis","authors":"Shane A. Fuentes MD , Gregory J. Griepentrog MD , Rebecca L. King MD , N. Nora Bennani MD , Supavit Chesdachai MD","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma is a rare, aggressive, Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy. We reported an unusual case of a woman in her middle 40s presenting with progressive left-sided periorbital swelling, redness, and pain, initially treated as a refractory preseptal cellulitis. Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy, symptoms worsened. Imaging showed inflammatory stranding and phlegmonous enhancement involving the left orbit. A biopsy revealed the diagnosis of primary orbital extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) without sinonasal involvement, which is extremely uncommon. This case emphasized the need to consider other noninfectious diagnoses in patients with preseptal cellulitis unresponsive to antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100677
Yousif M. Hydoub MBBS , Ricardo Loor-Torres MD , Abdul Qadeer MBBS , Kinaan Farhan MBBS , Thaer K. Swaid MBBS , Hanieh Sadat Tabatabaei Yeganeh MBBS , Joelle N. Friesen MD , Shangwe Kiliaki CNP, DNP , Iman Fawad MBBS , Danielle J. Gerberi MLIS, AHIP , Thirumurugan Prakasam PhD , Rainer Lohmann PhD , M. Hassan Murad MD, MPH , Sagar B. Dugani MD, PhD, MPH
Objective
To evaluate the associations between organic pollutants (OPs) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Patients and Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central from inception through March 18, 2024. We included studies reporting the adjusted or unadjusted association between serum concentration of OPs and risk of T2D. We excluded studies on type 1 diabetes, self-reported exposure, and if fewer than 100 T2D cases. We classified OPs using 2 classification methods and reported pooled risk estimates using a random-effects model (odds ratio [95% CI]) and assessed risk of bias at the levels of OPs and their classes. We conducted sex- and concentration-stratified analyses.
Results
From 20,531 articles, we included 44 (0.2%) studies of 83 individual and 38 combination OPs in 54,967 participants. All but 1 study had low risk of bias. Ten of 12 OP classes were associated with risk of T2D, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans had the highest association (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.94-3.33). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins showed a significant association in men (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.81-5.71). Polychlorinated biphenyls (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.55-1.92) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT-like compounds (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29) showed a significant association in women. Moreover, 28 (33.7%) individual and 21 (55.3%) combination OPs had a significant association. Polychlorinated biphenyl 157 (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.27-2.92) and organochlorine pesticides (OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 1.90-9.98) had the highest risk of T2D.
Conclusion
Several OPs were associated with higher risk of T2D. Future work should evaluate the concentration threshold at which OPs increase risk to inform both T2D screening and OP advisories and regulation.
{"title":"Organic Pollutants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Yousif M. Hydoub MBBS , Ricardo Loor-Torres MD , Abdul Qadeer MBBS , Kinaan Farhan MBBS , Thaer K. Swaid MBBS , Hanieh Sadat Tabatabaei Yeganeh MBBS , Joelle N. Friesen MD , Shangwe Kiliaki CNP, DNP , Iman Fawad MBBS , Danielle J. Gerberi MLIS, AHIP , Thirumurugan Prakasam PhD , Rainer Lohmann PhD , M. Hassan Murad MD, MPH , Sagar B. Dugani MD, PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the associations between organic pollutants (OPs) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central from inception through March 18, 2024. We included studies reporting the adjusted or unadjusted association between serum concentration of OPs and risk of T2D. We excluded studies on type 1 diabetes, self-reported exposure, and if fewer than 100 T2D cases. We classified OPs using 2 classification methods and reported pooled risk estimates using a random-effects model (odds ratio [95% CI]) and assessed risk of bias at the levels of OPs and their classes. We conducted sex- and concentration-stratified analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 20,531 articles, we included 44 (0.2%) studies of 83 individual and 38 combination OPs in 54,967 participants. All but 1 study had low risk of bias. Ten of 12 OP classes were associated with risk of T2D, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans had the highest association (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.94-3.33). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins showed a significant association in men (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.81-5.71). Polychlorinated biphenyls (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.55-1.92) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT-like compounds (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29) showed a significant association in women. Moreover, 28 (33.7%) individual and 21 (55.3%) combination OPs had a significant association. Polychlorinated biphenyl 157 (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.27-2.92) and organochlorine pesticides (OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 1.90-9.98) had the highest risk of T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several OPs were associated with higher risk of T2D. Future work should evaluate the concentration threshold at which OPs increase risk to inform both T2D screening and OP advisories and regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100682
Surya Singh MD , Carol Greulich MBA , Ariel Perez MD , Kelly Terrell MBA, BSN , Julie Walz-Jensen BS, RN , Michael D. Dalzell BA
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) treatment efficacy has been shown to be greater in those who receive timely infusions, while mortality rates increase with each month’s delay in treatment. Yet health care infrastructure constraints, an intricate treatment process, and reimbursement complexities present challenges that affect timely patient access to CAR T therapy. Best practices for decreasing time to treatment are not well established. Autolus Inc convened an expert panel of 3 advisors from established hematopoietic stem-cell transplant centers and 3 advisors with extensive national or regional payer experience to identify operational barriers that contribute to treatment delays as well as potential means for addressing them. Opportunities exist to expand treatment capacity by reducing redundant prerequisites for treatment center certification and through collaboration between established centers and newer centers that need critical expertise to gain accreditation. Aligning clinical criteria are important for improving clinician understanding of the treatment process, facilitating timely referral to treatment centers, and streamlining payer authorization processes. Negotiating financial arrangements is the most time-consuming step of the process before CAR T manufacturing can begin; contracts between treatment centers and payers can help to facilitate timely care, but single-case agreements are necessary for treatment centers and payers without extensive CAR T experience. Single-case agreements should consider each side’s experience and financial exposure. In identifying obstacles to timely care and working through potential solutions, participants developed a genuine appreciation for the interdependence among stakeholders. Recognition of mutual interest is a starting point for cross-functional cooperation.
{"title":"Operationalizing Access for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell Therapies: A Cross-functional Perspective","authors":"Surya Singh MD , Carol Greulich MBA , Ariel Perez MD , Kelly Terrell MBA, BSN , Julie Walz-Jensen BS, RN , Michael D. Dalzell BA","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) treatment efficacy has been shown to be greater in those who receive timely infusions, while mortality rates increase with each month’s delay in treatment. Yet health care infrastructure constraints, an intricate treatment process, and reimbursement complexities present challenges that affect timely patient access to CAR T therapy. Best practices for decreasing time to treatment are not well established. Autolus Inc convened an expert panel of 3 advisors from established hematopoietic stem-cell transplant centers and 3 advisors with extensive national or regional payer experience to identify operational barriers that contribute to treatment delays as well as potential means for addressing them. Opportunities exist to expand treatment capacity by reducing redundant prerequisites for treatment center certification and through collaboration between established centers and newer centers that need critical expertise to gain accreditation. Aligning clinical criteria are important for improving clinician understanding of the treatment process, facilitating timely referral to treatment centers, and streamlining payer authorization processes. Negotiating financial arrangements is the most time-consuming step of the process before CAR T manufacturing can begin; contracts between treatment centers and payers can help to facilitate timely care, but single-case agreements are necessary for treatment centers and payers without extensive CAR T experience. Single-case agreements should consider each side’s experience and financial exposure. In identifying obstacles to timely care and working through potential solutions, participants developed a genuine appreciation for the interdependence among stakeholders. Recognition of mutual interest is a starting point for cross-functional cooperation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100680
Dhauna Karam Prasad MD , Alyssa K. McGary MS , Heidi E. Kosiorek MS , Joshua C. Pritchett MD , Richard L. Ellis MD , Kathryn J. Ruddy MD, MPH , Tufia C. Haddad MD , Mohammed Yousufuddin MD
Objective
To determine whether the initial decrease in mammographic breast cancer screening (MBCS) rates with the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic persisted in the postpandemic times and quantify the impact of health care disparities.
Patients and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed data from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023 to assess annual MBCS among eligible women (40-75 years) in the Mayo Clinic system. The study period was divided into 4 phases: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2020), early pandemic (2020-2021), mid-pandemic (2021-2022), and late pandemic (2022-2023). Mixed-effects poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR), and difference-in-differences assessed temporal trends.
Results
The cohort included 239,804 women with a median age of 57 years, of whom 34.9% resided in rural counties. By race, 92% were White, 3.1% Black, 0.4% American Indians, 0.1% Native Hawaiians, 3% Asian, and 1.3% others. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, there was a significant decrease in MBCS rate in the early pandemic (IRR=0.891, P<.001), and though the rate improved in the mid-pandemic and late pandemic periods, they remained below the prepandemic level (IRR=0.941, P<.001; IRR=0.922, P<.001, respectively). Rural counties had lower MBCS rates compared with urban (IRR = 0.914, P<.001). Compared to White race, other races had lower MBCS rates with the Black race having the lowest (IRR=0.692, P<.001). Difference-in-differences analysis revealed that the relative gap between MBCS rates in minority/rural groups did not significantly widen or narrow during the pandemic.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with sustained declines in MBCS through early 2023, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations but did not widen pre-existing disparities, highlighting the benefits of targeted interventions.
目的探讨2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行后乳腺x线乳腺癌筛查(MBCS)率的初始下降是否持续,并量化医疗保健差异的影响。患者和方法本回顾性研究分析了2017年3月1日至2023年3月31日的数据,以评估梅奥诊所系统中符合条件的女性(40-75岁)的年度MBCS。研究期分为4个阶段:covid -19前期(2017-2020年)、大流行早期(2020-2021年)、大流行中期(2021-2022年)和大流行晚期(2022-2023年)。混合效应泊松回归估计了发病率比(IRR),差异中的差异评估了时间趋势。结果该队列包括239804名妇女,中位年龄为57岁,其中34.9%居住在农村县。按种族划分,92%为白人,3.1%为黑人,0.4%为美洲印第安人,0.1%为夏威夷原住民,3%为亚洲人,1.3%为其他人种。与疫情前相比,大流行早期MBCS率显著下降(IRR=0.891, p < 0.01),大流行中期和后期虽有所改善,但仍低于疫情前水平(IRR=0.941, p < 0.01; IRR=0.922, p < 0.01)。农村县的MBCS发生率低于城市县(IRR = 0.914, P<.001)。与白人相比,其他种族的MBCS发生率较低,其中黑人最低(IRR=0.692, P<.001)。差异中的差异分析显示,在大流行期间,少数民族/农村群体中MBCS发病率之间的相对差距没有显著扩大或缩小。到2023年初,2019冠状病毒病大流行与MBCS持续下降有关,对弱势群体的影响不成比例,但并未扩大已有的差距,这凸显了有针对性干预措施的好处。
{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Long-term Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mammographic Breast Cancer Screening","authors":"Dhauna Karam Prasad MD , Alyssa K. McGary MS , Heidi E. Kosiorek MS , Joshua C. Pritchett MD , Richard L. Ellis MD , Kathryn J. Ruddy MD, MPH , Tufia C. Haddad MD , Mohammed Yousufuddin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine whether the initial decrease in mammographic breast cancer screening (MBCS) rates with the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic persisted in the postpandemic times and quantify the impact of health care disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study analyzed data from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023 to assess annual MBCS among eligible women (40-75 years) in the Mayo Clinic system. The study period was divided into 4 phases: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2020), early pandemic (2020-2021), mid-pandemic (2021-2022), and late pandemic (2022-2023). Mixed-effects poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR), and difference-in-differences assessed temporal trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 239,804 women with a median age of 57 years, of whom 34.9% resided in rural counties. By race, 92% were White, 3.1% Black, 0.4% American Indians, 0.1% Native Hawaiians, 3% Asian, and 1.3% others. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, there was a significant decrease in MBCS rate in the early pandemic (IRR=0.891, <em>P</em><.001), and though the rate improved in the mid-pandemic and late pandemic periods, they remained below the prepandemic level (IRR=0.941, <em>P</em><.001; IRR=0.922, <em>P</em><.001, respectively). Rural counties had lower MBCS rates compared with urban (IRR = 0.914, <em>P</em><.001). Compared to White race, other races had lower MBCS rates with the Black race having the lowest (IRR=0.692, <em>P</em><.001). Difference-in-differences analysis revealed that the relative gap between MBCS rates in minority/rural groups did not significantly widen or narrow during the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with sustained declines in MBCS through early 2023, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations but did not widen pre-existing disparities, highlighting the benefits of targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100681
Karl Michaëlsson PhD , Håkan Melhus PhD , Liisa Byberg PhD , Eva Warensjö Lemming PhD , Bodil Svennblad PhD , Jonas Höijer MSc , Hannah L. Brooke PhD
Objective
To examine if long-term constant low vitamin D status in the sunny season has a greater impact on bone mineral density (BMD) over time than long-term constant low vitamin D status in the dark season.
Patients and Methods
In a longitudinal cohort study conducted from November 3, 2003 to May 22, 2019, 1802 Swedish women living in Uppsala County (latitude 58oN) (mean baseline age of 65 years and average follow-up of 12 years) had vitamin D status measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (S-25OHD). Participants were stratified by season of blood draw (dark [November-April] vs sunny [May-October]). We examined the association of long-term stable season-specific S-25OHD with 12-year changes in total hip BMD, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and investigated if increasing S-25OHD during follow-up influenced changes in BMD by baseline S-25OHD levels and season.
Results
Compared with longitudinally sunny season constant S-25OHD>70 nmol/L, women with sunny season constant S-25OHD<40 nmol/L displayed 10.0% (95% CI,3.8%-16.1%) lower total hip BMD at follow-up. No difference in BMD was observed by dark season S-25OHD. Among women with baseline sunny season S-25OHD<45 nmol/L, each 20 nmol/L increase in S-25OHD during follow-up was associated with a 2.5% increase in hip BMD (95% CI,0.5-4.6). This estimate was attenuated when increasing the low S-25OHD cut-off and was not observed with dark season samples.
Conclusion
Women with sunny season S-25OHD<40-50 nmol/L are a likely target group for vitamin D interventions to improve BMD. Blood samples taken during the dark season are less informative for determining future bone health.
{"title":"Long-Term Change in Vitamin D Status and its Association With Change in Total Hip Bone Mineral Density in Older Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study","authors":"Karl Michaëlsson PhD , Håkan Melhus PhD , Liisa Byberg PhD , Eva Warensjö Lemming PhD , Bodil Svennblad PhD , Jonas Höijer MSc , Hannah L. Brooke PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine if long-term constant low vitamin D status in the sunny season has a greater impact on bone mineral density (BMD) over time than long-term constant low vitamin D status in the dark season.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>In a longitudinal cohort study conducted from November 3, 2003 to May 22, 2019, 1802 Swedish women living in Uppsala County (latitude 58<sup>o</sup>N) (mean baseline age of 65 years and average follow-up of 12 years) had vitamin D status measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (S-25OHD). Participants were stratified by season of blood draw (dark [November-April] vs sunny [May-October]). We examined the association of long-term stable season-specific S-25OHD with 12-year changes in total hip BMD, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and investigated if increasing S-25OHD during follow-up influenced changes in BMD by baseline S-25OHD levels and season.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with longitudinally sunny season constant S-25OHD>70 nmol/L, women with sunny season constant S-25OHD<40 nmol/L displayed 10.0% (95% CI,3.8%-16.1%) lower total hip BMD at follow-up. No difference in BMD was observed by dark season S-25OHD. Among women with baseline sunny season S-25OHD<45 nmol/L, each 20 nmol/L increase in S-25OHD during follow-up was associated with a 2.5% increase in hip BMD (95% CI,0.5-4.6). This estimate was attenuated when increasing the low S-25OHD cut-off and was not observed with dark season samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Women with sunny season S-25OHD<40-50 nmol/L are a likely target group for vitamin D interventions to improve BMD. Blood samples taken during the dark season are less informative for determining future bone health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100679
David I. Feldman MD, MPH , Spencer Reynolds MBA , Sarine Babikian PhD , Brian D. Stein MD, MS , Jessica Schlicher MD, MBA , Eve Cunningham MD, MBA , Theodore Feldman MD , Randall Curnow MD, MBA , Jing Zheng MS , Puneet Budhiraja MS , Marat Fudim MD, MHS
Remote patient monitoring coupled with technology-enabled, guideline-directed clinical care—or remote patient care (RPC)—has consistently led to improved outcomes for Medicare patients with chronic diseases. However, the ability for RPC to drive reductions in total cost of care and health care utilization is limited. We sought to determine whether an RPC program can reduce health care costs and utilization. Using patient-level Medicare claims data, a difference in difference analysis was conducted to assess the impact of an RPC program compared with a propensity score–matched control group on total health care costs and resource utilization over a 12-month period following program activation. The retrospective analysis included patients enrolled into an RPC program from July 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023 from primary care and cardiology clinics across 15 states. The RPC program included a group of clinicians who monitored and triaged vitals and conducted clinical visits using standardized clinical protocols to facilitate guideline-directed clinical interventions. We compared 5872 patients enrolled in an RPC program to 11,449 eligible propensity score–matched control patients. RPC resulted in a statistically significant reduction in total cost of care (−$1302 per patient per year; P<.01), which was driven primarily by a reduction in inpatient costs (−$1428 per patient per year; P<.01). Patients enrolled in the RPC program also had a lower rate of hospitalizations (−23 vs +41/1000 patients/y; 27% reduction; P<.01). These data highlight the potential for a nationwide RPC program to lead to significant cost savings and a reduction in health care utilization among Medicare patients at scale.
远程患者监测与技术支持、指导的临床护理(或远程患者护理(RPC))相结合,一直为患有慢性病的医疗保险患者带来改善的结果。然而,RPC推动降低医疗总成本和医疗保健利用的能力是有限的。我们试图确定RPC程序是否可以降低医疗保健成本和利用率。使用患者层面的医疗保险索赔数据,进行了差异分析,以评估RPC计划与倾向得分匹配的对照组在计划启动后12个月内对总医疗保健成本和资源利用的影响。回顾性分析包括从2022年7月1日至2023年10月31日在15个州的初级保健和心脏病诊所参加RPC项目的患者。RPC项目包括一组临床医生,他们监测和分类生命体征,并使用标准化的临床协议进行临床访问,以促进指导临床干预。我们比较了5872名参与RPC项目的患者和11449名符合倾向评分匹配的对照患者。RPC在统计上显著降低了总护理成本(每位患者每年- 1302美元;P< 0.01),这主要是由于住院费用的降低(每位患者每年- 1428美元;P< 0.01)。参与RPC计划的患者住院率也较低(- 23 vs +41/1000患者/年;减少27%;P< 0.01)。这些数据强调了全国范围内的RPC计划的潜力,以导致显著的成本节约和减少医疗保健利用在医疗保险患者的规模。
{"title":"The Impact of a Remote Patient Care Program on Health Care Costs and Utilization Among Medicare Patients With Chronic Disease","authors":"David I. Feldman MD, MPH , Spencer Reynolds MBA , Sarine Babikian PhD , Brian D. Stein MD, MS , Jessica Schlicher MD, MBA , Eve Cunningham MD, MBA , Theodore Feldman MD , Randall Curnow MD, MBA , Jing Zheng MS , Puneet Budhiraja MS , Marat Fudim MD, MHS","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote patient monitoring coupled with technology-enabled, guideline-directed clinical care—or remote patient care (RPC)—has consistently led to improved outcomes for Medicare patients with chronic diseases. However, the ability for RPC to drive reductions in total cost of care and health care utilization is limited. We sought to determine whether an RPC program can reduce health care costs and utilization. Using patient-level Medicare claims data, a difference in difference analysis was conducted to assess the impact of an RPC program compared with a propensity score–matched control group on total health care costs and resource utilization over a 12-month period following program activation. The retrospective analysis included patients enrolled into an RPC program from July 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023 from primary care and cardiology clinics across 15 states. The RPC program included a group of clinicians who monitored and triaged vitals and conducted clinical visits using standardized clinical protocols to facilitate guideline-directed clinical interventions. We compared 5872 patients enrolled in an RPC program to 11,449 eligible propensity score–matched control patients. RPC resulted in a statistically significant reduction in total cost of care (−$1302 per patient per year; <em>P</em><.01), which was driven primarily by a reduction in inpatient costs (−$1428 per patient per year; <em>P</em><.01). Patients enrolled in the RPC program also had a lower rate of hospitalizations (−23 vs +41/1000 patients/y; 27% reduction; <em>P</em><.01). These data highlight the potential for a nationwide RPC program to lead to significant cost savings and a reduction in health care utilization among Medicare patients at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94132,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}