Sergio Andrés Redondo Tilano, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Jay Lacey, Jérémy Parent
Floods can cause extensive damage proportional to their magnitude, depending on the watershed hydrology and terrain characteristics. Flood studies generally assume bathymetry as steady, while in reality it is constantly changing due to sediment transport. This study seeks to quantify the impact of different lake bathymetry conditions on flood dynamics. The Hydrotel and Telemac2D models are used to simulate floods for a lake with bathymetries from multiple year surveys. The bathymetries differ in bed elevation due to sediment accumulation and/or remobilisation. Results show that bathymetric differences produce a more noticeable effect for moderate flows than for maximum flows. During moderate flows, shallower bathymetries induce higher water levels and larger water extents. For peak flows, differences in water levels and extent are practically negligible for the different bathymetries tested. Higher water levels during moderate flows could produce longer flooding times and affect the community’s perception of flood impacts.
{"title":"Quantifying changes in floods under different bathymetry conditions for a lake setting","authors":"Sergio Andrés Redondo Tilano, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Jay Lacey, Jérémy Parent","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0237","url":null,"abstract":"Floods can cause extensive damage proportional to their magnitude, depending on the watershed hydrology and terrain characteristics. Flood studies generally assume bathymetry as steady, while in reality it is constantly changing due to sediment transport. This study seeks to quantify the impact of different lake bathymetry conditions on flood dynamics. The Hydrotel and Telemac2D models are used to simulate floods for a lake with bathymetries from multiple year surveys. The bathymetries differ in bed elevation due to sediment accumulation and/or remobilisation. Results show that bathymetric differences produce a more noticeable effect for moderate flows than for maximum flows. During moderate flows, shallower bathymetries induce higher water levels and larger water extents. For peak flows, differences in water levels and extent are practically negligible for the different bathymetries tested. Higher water levels during moderate flows could produce longer flooding times and affect the community’s perception of flood impacts.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasim Deljouyi, Phani Kumar Patnala, Babak Mehran, J. Regehr
The present study demonstrated the potential applications of reliability models for crash analysis of a large highway network. Specifically, three major outcomes of reliability models were investigated: temporal distributions of crashes, reliability score, and expected number of crashes, using 20-year data (2001-2020) of crashes recorded on the Saskatchewan highway network. A series of reliability models were developed for crashes by crash severity, vehicle involvement, and highway type. First, the temporal distributions of crashes on each segment were fit to a statistical distribution. Second, the reliability scores were used to rank the high crash risk segments. Third, the mean expected crash frequency was used to develop network-wide safety performance functions for total and fatal crashes in urban and rural highway segments using Poisson-Tweedie regression models. The developed PTw models showed that the presence of trucks in the traffic composition has a significant effect on crash frequency, especially for urban highway segments.
{"title":"Application of Reliability Models for Crash Frequency Analysis: Implications for Network-wide Safety Performance","authors":"Nasim Deljouyi, Phani Kumar Patnala, Babak Mehran, J. Regehr","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0508","url":null,"abstract":"The present study demonstrated the potential applications of reliability models for crash analysis of a large highway network. Specifically, three major outcomes of reliability models were investigated: temporal distributions of crashes, reliability score, and expected number of crashes, using 20-year data (2001-2020) of crashes recorded on the Saskatchewan highway network. A series of reliability models were developed for crashes by crash severity, vehicle involvement, and highway type. First, the temporal distributions of crashes on each segment were fit to a statistical distribution. Second, the reliability scores were used to rank the high crash risk segments. Third, the mean expected crash frequency was used to develop network-wide safety performance functions for total and fatal crashes in urban and rural highway segments using Poisson-Tweedie regression models. The developed PTw models showed that the presence of trucks in the traffic composition has a significant effect on crash frequency, especially for urban highway segments.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation engineers face challenging safety investment decisions, particularly for highway-railway grade crossings (HRGCs), where rare collision occurrences and incomplete historical records complicate the assessment of countermeasure cost-effectiveness. This study introduces an empirical Bayes (EB) observational before–after approach to address these challenges, specifically examining the impact of a widely used safety countermeasure: flashing lights, bells, and gates (FLBG). The research covers a total 171 FLBG crossings with pre-implementation conditions varying between standard reflective crossing signs and flashing lights and bells, utilizing collision data from 2000 to 2012 for analysis. This study is the first to substantiate quantitatively the effectiveness of FLBG treatment in improvising the safety of HRGCs and show that the effect is dependent of crossing characteristics, such as track angle, pavement conditions, and train speed limits. These findings can provide valuable support to decision-makers, enabling them to make more effective decisions for grade crossing safety improvement projects.
{"title":"Quantifying the effectiveness of an active treatment in improving highway-railway grade crossing safety in Canada: an empirical Bayes observational before–after study","authors":"Qiangqiang Shangguan, Yubo Wang, Liping Fu","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2024-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2024-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation engineers face challenging safety investment decisions, particularly for highway-railway grade crossings (HRGCs), where rare collision occurrences and incomplete historical records complicate the assessment of countermeasure cost-effectiveness. This study introduces an empirical Bayes (EB) observational before–after approach to address these challenges, specifically examining the impact of a widely used safety countermeasure: flashing lights, bells, and gates (FLBG). The research covers a total 171 FLBG crossings with pre-implementation conditions varying between standard reflective crossing signs and flashing lights and bells, utilizing collision data from 2000 to 2012 for analysis. This study is the first to substantiate quantitatively the effectiveness of FLBG treatment in improvising the safety of HRGCs and show that the effect is dependent of crossing characteristics, such as track angle, pavement conditions, and train speed limits. These findings can provide valuable support to decision-makers, enabling them to make more effective decisions for grade crossing safety improvement projects.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the effect of adding marble waste as fine aggregate on the properties of high-performance concrete. To achieve this objective, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of marble waste fine aggregate were substituted for ordinary fine aggregate in the composition of high-performance concrete mixtures containing silica fume and ground blast furnace slag. The fresh properties were studied using slump, fresh density and air content tests, while the hardened properties were assessed using compressive and flexural strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and chemical acid attack tests. The results obtained revealed that the addition of marble waste fine aggregate significantly improved the properties of high-performance concrete and increased its resistance to chemical acid attacks. The composition-based ground blast furnace slag containing 40% marble waste fine aggregate outperformed all other compositions, increasing compressive strength by 30.98%.
{"title":"Utilization of marble waste as fine aggregate in the composition of high performance concrete containing mineral additions","authors":"Y. Abbas, R. Djebien, Nadhir Toubal Seghir","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2024-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2024-0113","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of adding marble waste as fine aggregate on the properties of high-performance concrete. To achieve this objective, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of marble waste fine aggregate were substituted for ordinary fine aggregate in the composition of high-performance concrete mixtures containing silica fume and ground blast furnace slag. The fresh properties were studied using slump, fresh density and air content tests, while the hardened properties were assessed using compressive and flexural strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and chemical acid attack tests. The results obtained revealed that the addition of marble waste fine aggregate significantly improved the properties of high-performance concrete and increased its resistance to chemical acid attacks. The composition-based ground blast furnace slag containing 40% marble waste fine aggregate outperformed all other compositions, increasing compressive strength by 30.98%.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach to calibrate bottom-up cracking, total rutting, and international roughness index (IRI) transfer function for flexible pavements. It used four distributions: gamma, exponential, negative binomial, and log-normal, and results are compared with the LS approach. Initially, synthetic data is generated for bottom-up cracking to demonstrate the effectiveness of MLE over the LS approach. Finally, measured data for two hundred and fifty-six new flexible pavements is used from MDOT’s PMS database to calibrate and validate transfer functions. Resampling methods are combined with MLE to improve its robustness. The results show that overall, MLE outperforms the LS approach for synthetic and measured data. The difference is more evident in the case of bottom-up cracking data, which does not follow a normal distribution. Gamma distribution for bottom-up cracking and total rutting, whereas negative binomial for IRI is the most suitable distribution for the MLE approach.
本文采用最大似然估计（MLE）方法来校准柔性路面的自下而上开裂、总车辙和国际粗糙度指数（IRI）传递函数。它使用了四种分布：伽马分布、指数分布、负二项分布和对数正态分布，并将结果与 LS 方法进行了比较。首先，生成了自下而上开裂的合成数据，以证明 MLE 比 LS 方法更有效。最后，使用 MDOT PMS 数据库中 256 个新柔性路面的测量数据来校准和验证传递函数。重采样方法与 MLE 相结合，以提高其稳健性。结果表明，在合成数据和测量数据方面，MLE 总体上优于 LS 方法。这种差异在自下而上开裂数据中更为明显，因为这种数据不服从正态分布。对于 MLE 方法来说，自下而上开裂和总车辙的伽马分布以及 IRI 的负二项分布是最合适的分布。
{"title":"Local Calibration of Flexible Performance Models Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach","authors":"Rahul Raj Singh, Syed Waqar Haider","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0568","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach to calibrate bottom-up cracking, total rutting, and international roughness index (IRI) transfer function for flexible pavements. It used four distributions: gamma, exponential, negative binomial, and log-normal, and results are compared with the LS approach. Initially, synthetic data is generated for bottom-up cracking to demonstrate the effectiveness of MLE over the LS approach. Finally, measured data for two hundred and fifty-six new flexible pavements is used from MDOT’s PMS database to calibrate and validate transfer functions. Resampling methods are combined with MLE to improve its robustness. The results show that overall, MLE outperforms the LS approach for synthetic and measured data. The difference is more evident in the case of bottom-up cracking data, which does not follow a normal distribution. Gamma distribution for bottom-up cracking and total rutting, whereas negative binomial for IRI is the most suitable distribution for the MLE approach.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iyad Sahnoon, Alexandre G. de Barros, Lina L Kattan
Road collisions arise from interactions involving human factors, the environment, and road layout. Driving simulators, widely applied in rear-end collision studies, provide a secure environment to explore human errors, which are not observable through microsimulation tools. These simulators also facilitate the examination of driving behaviour in the presence of connected vehicles. This study aims to identify driver-related factors contributing to rear-end collisions in a driving simulator and to detect potential tailgaters behind a connected vehicle with connected cruise control. Using case-control logistic regression, participants with the potential to be involved in rear-end collisions are considered potential tailgaters, while non-potential participants serve as controls. The results reveal statistically significant factors, such as headway time and maximum brake mean values, in relation to rear-end collisions. Furthermore, employing regression outputs, log relative risk and survival function, with predefined thresholds effectively identifies potential tailgaters, achieving accuracy rates of over 90% and 97%, respectively.
{"title":"Identifying Potential Tailgaters Using Matched Case-Control Logistic Regression","authors":"Iyad Sahnoon, Alexandre G. de Barros, Lina L Kattan","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0569","url":null,"abstract":"Road collisions arise from interactions involving human factors, the environment, and road layout. Driving simulators, widely applied in rear-end collision studies, provide a secure environment to explore human errors, which are not observable through microsimulation tools. These simulators also facilitate the examination of driving behaviour in the presence of connected vehicles. This study aims to identify driver-related factors contributing to rear-end collisions in a driving simulator and to detect potential tailgaters behind a connected vehicle with connected cruise control. Using case-control logistic regression, participants with the potential to be involved in rear-end collisions are considered potential tailgaters, while non-potential participants serve as controls. The results reveal statistically significant factors, such as headway time and maximum brake mean values, in relation to rear-end collisions. Furthermore, employing regression outputs, log relative risk and survival function, with predefined thresholds effectively identifies potential tailgaters, achieving accuracy rates of over 90% and 97%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drivers do not properly respect pedestrian priority at marked mid-block crosswalks. This study assesses pedestrians and vehicles behavior at such locations. Video recording at two mid-block crosswalks was used to analyze twelve crossing attributes and their correlations. Analysis of 884 pedestrians’ and 2087 vehicle’s data showed that all demographic and crossing related attributes affected the crossing speed and crossing time of pedestrians. The average crossing speed of pedestrians was 1.3 m/s. Only parked car at crosswalk affected the waiting and delay times of pedestrians. Lastly, gender, and crossing related parameters were found to affect the accepted gap of pedestrians. The average accepted gap of pedestrians was 6.17seconds. Vehicle speeds before, at, and after crosswalks were statistically different and had mean values of 19.38kmph, 17.31kmph, and 20.40kmph respectively. Driver yielding rate was found to be 40% and was statistically significantly influenced by gender, dressing style, crossing in-group, and rolling behavior.
{"title":"Determinants of road user behavior at marked midblock crosswalks","authors":"M. Elsayyad, Deepti Muley, Wael Alhajyaseen","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0459","url":null,"abstract":"Drivers do not properly respect pedestrian priority at marked mid-block crosswalks. This study assesses pedestrians and vehicles behavior at such locations. Video recording at two mid-block crosswalks was used to analyze twelve crossing attributes and their correlations. Analysis of 884 pedestrians’ and 2087 vehicle’s data showed that all demographic and crossing related attributes affected the crossing speed and crossing time of pedestrians. The average crossing speed of pedestrians was 1.3 m/s. Only parked car at crosswalk affected the waiting and delay times of pedestrians. Lastly, gender, and crossing related parameters were found to affect the accepted gap of pedestrians. The average accepted gap of pedestrians was 6.17seconds. Vehicle speeds before, at, and after crosswalks were statistically different and had mean values of 19.38kmph, 17.31kmph, and 20.40kmph respectively. Driver yielding rate was found to be 40% and was statistically significantly influenced by gender, dressing style, crossing in-group, and rolling behavior.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. G. Yasanthi, Babak Mehran, Phani Kumar Patnala, J. Regehr, Chaouki Regoui
This study attempts to develop (i) truck safety performance functions (SPFs), and (ii) hazard-specific crash modification factors (CMFs), for cold-region rural highways. Police-reported truck-involved crashes on rural highway segments of Alberta, Canada, were used to develop truck SPFs for four crash severity levels: total, fatal, personal injury (PI), and property damage only (PDO). Three settings of the Poisson-Tweedie Regression modelling approach representing Poisson, geometric Poisson, negative binomial distributions were used to develop truck SPFs; the negative binomial distribution was deemed as the most appropriate distribution to model truck-involved crashes for all crash severity levels. The CMF for poor visibility (CMF=1.5) suggests that poor visibility increases PI type truck-involved crashes on rural two-lane two-way highway segments by 50% as compared to the number of such crashes attributed to crash causes other than transportation hazards. Road safety researchers may adopt the methodology to effectively rank hazard risks to highway freight transportation systems.
本研究试图为寒冷地区的农村公路开发 (i) 卡车安全性能函数 (SPF) 和 (ii) 特定于危险的碰撞修正系数 (CMF)。在加拿大阿尔伯塔省的农村公路上，警方报告的卡车碰撞事故被用于开发四种碰撞严重程度的卡车 SPF：总碰撞、致命碰撞、人身伤害 (PI) 碰撞和仅财产损失 (PDO)。泊松-特威迪回归建模方法的三种设置分别代表泊松分布、几何泊松分布和负二项分布，用于制定卡车 SPF；负二项分布被认为是对所有碰撞严重程度级别的卡车碰撞建模最合适的分布。能见度低的 CMF（CMF=1.5）表明，与交通危险以外的碰撞原因造成的碰撞数量相比，能见度低会使农村双向双车道高速公路路段上卡车肇事的 PI 类型碰撞增加 50%。道路安全研究人员可采用该方法对公路货运系统的危险风险进行有效排序。
{"title":"Development of Hazard-specific Truck Crash Modification Factors for Cold-region Rural Highways","authors":"R. G. Yasanthi, Babak Mehran, Phani Kumar Patnala, J. Regehr, Chaouki Regoui","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0436","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to develop (i) truck safety performance functions (SPFs), and (ii) hazard-specific crash modification factors (CMFs), for cold-region rural highways. Police-reported truck-involved crashes on rural highway segments of Alberta, Canada, were used to develop truck SPFs for four crash severity levels: total, fatal, personal injury (PI), and property damage only (PDO). Three settings of the Poisson-Tweedie Regression modelling approach representing Poisson, geometric Poisson, negative binomial distributions were used to develop truck SPFs; the negative binomial distribution was deemed as the most appropriate distribution to model truck-involved crashes for all crash severity levels. The CMF for poor visibility (CMF=1.5) suggests that poor visibility increases PI type truck-involved crashes on rural two-lane two-way highway segments by 50% as compared to the number of such crashes attributed to crash causes other than transportation hazards. Road safety researchers may adopt the methodology to effectively rank hazard risks to highway freight transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dolati, F. Fazileh, Reza Fathi-Fazl, Murat Saatcioglu, Xu Huang, Mohamed A. Sayed
A Performance-Based Unified (PBU) procedure has recently been proposed by the National Research Council Canada (NRC) to systematically evaluate seismic design requirements available in the National Building Codes (NBC) of Canada. Conventional Construction reinforced Concrete Moment-resisting Frame (CC-CMF) and Ductile reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame (D-CMF) systems were used in this paper to first assess the proposed PBU procedure and second determine the adequacy of the basis for seismic design requirements in NBC and see its performance margin against different structural performance levels. Results indicate that the detailed screening in the PBU procedure efficiently reduces the number of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) by more than 60% for CC-CMF while providing remarkable accuracy. It was also found that the CC-CMF system designed for the Normal importance category can provide an adequate margin against Life Safety (LS) performance level objectives, while the D-CMF system designed for the same importance category passes the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level criteria.
{"title":"Seismic Performance Assessment of Conventional Construction and Ductile Concrete Moment Frames Using Performance-Based Unified Procedure","authors":"A. Dolati, F. Fazileh, Reza Fathi-Fazl, Murat Saatcioglu, Xu Huang, Mohamed A. Sayed","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0391","url":null,"abstract":"A Performance-Based Unified (PBU) procedure has recently been proposed by the National Research Council Canada (NRC) to systematically evaluate seismic design requirements available in the National Building Codes (NBC) of Canada. Conventional Construction reinforced Concrete Moment-resisting Frame (CC-CMF) and Ductile reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame (D-CMF) systems were used in this paper to first assess the proposed PBU procedure and second determine the adequacy of the basis for seismic design requirements in NBC and see its performance margin against different structural performance levels. Results indicate that the detailed screening in the PBU procedure efficiently reduces the number of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) by more than 60% for CC-CMF while providing remarkable accuracy. It was also found that the CC-CMF system designed for the Normal importance category can provide an adequate margin against Life Safety (LS) performance level objectives, while the D-CMF system designed for the same importance category passes the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level criteria.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study planned to predict and analyze the driver injury severity (DIS) using twelve machine learning (ML) algorithms. Police reports of single and two-vehicle accidents that occurred during 2011–2020 in the two cities of India (Itanagar and Imphal) were used in this study. The best-performing model to predict the DIS for Itanagar was Gradient Boosting Trees (GBT). ‘Causes of Accident’ variable had shown maximum impact on the DIS. In the case of Imphal, it was the GBT, Extra Trees, and Random Forest models across all k-fold cross-validation for train ratios 0.70, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively. ‘Causes of Accident’, and ‘Vehicle Type’ had shown maximum impact on the DIS. These results reveal that the ML models can be applied in hilly areas to predict and identify the important factors that affect DIS. Transportation authorities can analyze road accident data using these models while implementing various road safety measures.
{"title":"Modeling Driver Injury Severity using Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Neero Gumsar Sorum, Dibyendu Pal","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0503","url":null,"abstract":"This study planned to predict and analyze the driver injury severity (DIS) using twelve machine learning (ML) algorithms. Police reports of single and two-vehicle accidents that occurred during 2011–2020 in the two cities of India (Itanagar and Imphal) were used in this study. The best-performing model to predict the DIS for Itanagar was Gradient Boosting Trees (GBT). ‘Causes of Accident’ variable had shown maximum impact on the DIS. In the case of Imphal, it was the GBT, Extra Trees, and Random Forest models across all k-fold cross-validation for train ratios 0.70, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively. ‘Causes of Accident’, and ‘Vehicle Type’ had shown maximum impact on the DIS. These results reveal that the ML models can be applied in hilly areas to predict and identify the important factors that affect DIS. Transportation authorities can analyze road accident data using these models while implementing various road safety measures.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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