Rubberized concrete is eco-friendly concrete with improved impact resistance. However, impact loads may also be combined with fire due to blasting, explosions, and earthquake. Hence, this study investigates the post-fire impact behaviour for rubberized alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete. Static and dynamic properties of AAS mixtures, incorporating 5%, 10%, and 15% crumb rubber, were evaluated under ambient and after exposure to elevated temperatures (200, 400, and 600 °C). Results reveal that AAS properties' degradations were similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at ambient temperature. At elevated temperatures, the differences in hydration products’ nature between AAS and OPC alternated the performance. The formed low Ca/Si ratio calcium silicate hydrated in the AAS exhibited higher stability at elevated temperatures. AAS with 10% rubber content showed an optimum impact performance. Above 400 °C, degradation of the binder microstructure and voids due to rubber particle decomposition adversely affected the impact performance of AAS. The addition of 0.5% steel tire wire showed a high potential sustainable solution to maintain adequate performance.
{"title":"Post-fire impact behaviour of rubberized alkali-activated slag concrete","authors":"Ahmed Abubakr, Ahmed Soliman, S. Diab","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0317","url":null,"abstract":"Rubberized concrete is eco-friendly concrete with improved impact resistance. However, impact loads may also be combined with fire due to blasting, explosions, and earthquake. Hence, this study investigates the post-fire impact behaviour for rubberized alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete. Static and dynamic properties of AAS mixtures, incorporating 5%, 10%, and 15% crumb rubber, were evaluated under ambient and after exposure to elevated temperatures (200, 400, and 600 °C). Results reveal that AAS properties' degradations were similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at ambient temperature. At elevated temperatures, the differences in hydration products’ nature between AAS and OPC alternated the performance. The formed low Ca/Si ratio calcium silicate hydrated in the AAS exhibited higher stability at elevated temperatures. AAS with 10% rubber content showed an optimum impact performance. Above 400 °C, degradation of the binder microstructure and voids due to rubber particle decomposition adversely affected the impact performance of AAS. The addition of 0.5% steel tire wire showed a high potential sustainable solution to maintain adequate performance.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86314831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) plays a critical role in maintaining and upgrading a road system by determining which road segments should receive treatment for a year. The funding provided by the local government is considered as the available budget, and by synchronizing the available budget, the CIP ensures that the overall pavement condition is optimized. The primary factors included in the methodology are the following: budget, Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER), deterioration model, cost matrix, and improvement associated with selecting the treatment. A combined priority index was determined for each roadway segment based on the functional classification of roadways and the maintenance treatment type. The linear integer optimization technique was applied to identify the best projects for improvement. The overall methodology was applied to the City of Fort Wayne’s Road system to verify the method’s applicability as a case study.
{"title":"Methodology to develop a capital improvement plan using optimization technique: case study","authors":"Promothes Saha","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0176","url":null,"abstract":"Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) plays a critical role in maintaining and upgrading a road system by determining which road segments should receive treatment for a year. The funding provided by the local government is considered as the available budget, and by synchronizing the available budget, the CIP ensures that the overall pavement condition is optimized. The primary factors included in the methodology are the following: budget, Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER), deterioration model, cost matrix, and improvement associated with selecting the treatment. A combined priority index was determined for each roadway segment based on the functional classification of roadways and the maintenance treatment type. The linear integer optimization technique was applied to identify the best projects for improvement. The overall methodology was applied to the City of Fort Wayne’s Road system to verify the method’s applicability as a case study.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82943654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mike Aurilio, Pejoohan Tavassoti, Michael D. Elwardany, H. Baaj
The addition of Styrene Butadiene Styrene to asphalt binders has led to enhanced performance in pavements across the entire range of working temperatures but have proven to be more difficult to characterize than unmodified binders. Low-temperature properties of asphalt binders are typically evaluated using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) which was developed to measure the creep stiffness. Recent refinements to the BBR analysis have led to the development of ΔTc which is meant to provide insight into the relaxation properties of the binder. The Asphalt Binder Cracking Device (ABCD) was developed to improve on this characterization by taking into consideration the failure strength and coefficient of thermal contraction. It was found that the evaluation of the materials using ΔTc was inconsistent with binder type and generally indicated that SBS reduced cracking resistance while the ABCD critical temperature and the proposed ΔTf parameter generally showed an improved correlation with SBS concentration.
{"title":"Characterization of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS)-Modified Asphalt Binders using the Bending Beam Rheometer and the Asphalt Binder Cracking Device","authors":"Mike Aurilio, Pejoohan Tavassoti, Michael D. Elwardany, H. Baaj","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0319","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of Styrene Butadiene Styrene to asphalt binders has led to enhanced performance in pavements across the entire range of working temperatures but have proven to be more difficult to characterize than unmodified binders. Low-temperature properties of asphalt binders are typically evaluated using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) which was developed to measure the creep stiffness. Recent refinements to the BBR analysis have led to the development of ΔTc which is meant to provide insight into the relaxation properties of the binder. The Asphalt Binder Cracking Device (ABCD) was developed to improve on this characterization by taking into consideration the failure strength and coefficient of thermal contraction. It was found that the evaluation of the materials using ΔTc was inconsistent with binder type and generally indicated that SBS reduced cracking resistance while the ABCD critical temperature and the proposed ΔTf parameter generally showed an improved correlation with SBS concentration.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85864936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taeyong Kim, O. Kwon, Joaquín Acosta, Reza Fathi-Fazl, F. Fazileh, Z. Cai
The seismic resilience of structures can be quantified through rigorous seismic assessment. Because no detailed guideline is available for nonlinear modelling parameters and the corresponding acceptance criteria for the seismic evaluation and upgrading of steel structures in Canada, the structural commentary of the National Building Code of Canada (NRC, 2015a) suggests using ASCE 41, which has been adopted as a standard for seismic evaluation and retrofit of buildings in the United States (U.S.). However, because the steel design standards in Canada and the U.S. are different, their applicability to steel structures in Canada needs to be investigated. To this end, this paper critically reviews the nonlinear modelling parameters and acceptance criteria in ASCE 41-17 (2017), then recommends whether these values need to be revised or are adopted as is for the seismic evaluation and upgrading of steel structures in Canada. A numerical example of a steel moment-resisting frame is presented to demonstrate the recommended parameters being used for seismic evaluation.
{"title":"Review of Nonlinear Modelling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria in ASCE 41 for Seismic Evaluation and Upgrading of Steel Structures in Canada","authors":"Taeyong Kim, O. Kwon, Joaquín Acosta, Reza Fathi-Fazl, F. Fazileh, Z. Cai","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0399","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic resilience of structures can be quantified through rigorous seismic assessment. Because no detailed guideline is available for nonlinear modelling parameters and the corresponding acceptance criteria for the seismic evaluation and upgrading of steel structures in Canada, the structural commentary of the National Building Code of Canada (NRC, 2015a) suggests using ASCE 41, which has been adopted as a standard for seismic evaluation and retrofit of buildings in the United States (U.S.). However, because the steel design standards in Canada and the U.S. are different, their applicability to steel structures in Canada needs to be investigated. To this end, this paper critically reviews the nonlinear modelling parameters and acceptance criteria in ASCE 41-17 (2017), then recommends whether these values need to be revised or are adopted as is for the seismic evaluation and upgrading of steel structures in Canada. A numerical example of a steel moment-resisting frame is presented to demonstrate the recommended parameters being used for seismic evaluation.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76915709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concerning the environmental imbalance caused by the over-exploitation of natural aggregates and the greenhouse emission of cementitious materials in the construction industry, in this paper, abundant laterite soil and natural coconut shells were used as partial substitutes for aggregate in order to make the cement less geopolymer concrete a resource-efficient product. The effect of the alternative aggregate system in the geopolymer concrete was assessed in the aspects of strength and sustainability. The inclusion of laterite soil and coconut shell in the geopolymer resulted in 1.81 times improved toughness without significant change in the compressive strength. The use of laterite soil and coconut shell aggregates maintained the thermal stability upto 600oC and reduces the consumption of 280kg natural sand and 390 kg coarse aggregates while casting 1m3 concrete which supports to promote the alternative aggregate system for the efficient production of environmental friendly geopolymer pavers.
{"title":"Promoting substitute aggregate system for the environmental friendly geopolymer paver applications","authors":"M. Rajendran, M. S, Chandru Ek","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0268","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning the environmental imbalance caused by the over-exploitation of natural aggregates and the greenhouse emission of cementitious materials in the construction industry, in this paper, abundant laterite soil and natural coconut shells were used as partial substitutes for aggregate in order to make the cement less geopolymer concrete a resource-efficient product. The effect of the alternative aggregate system in the geopolymer concrete was assessed in the aspects of strength and sustainability. The inclusion of laterite soil and coconut shell in the geopolymer resulted in 1.81 times improved toughness without significant change in the compressive strength. The use of laterite soil and coconut shell aggregates maintained the thermal stability upto 600oC and reduces the consumption of 280kg natural sand and 390 kg coarse aggregates while casting 1m3 concrete which supports to promote the alternative aggregate system for the efficient production of environmental friendly geopolymer pavers.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86253050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of numerical simulations was performed to study the discharge capacity of symmetrical hump weirs. A wide range of ramp slopes was selected from 1V:1H to 1V:5H and the effects of discharge and ramp slope on variations of discharge coefficient were investigated. The proposed models for prediction of discharge characteristics of triangular weirs with an upstream or/and downstream ramp(s) were compared with the discharge capacity of sharp-crested weirs to study the effects of ramp slope. It was found that the available head-discharge models for asymmetric hump weirs are not suitable for prediction of discharge in symmetrical hump weirs, and new prediction models are required. The performance of symmetrical hump weirs increased with increasing headwater and reached an optimum operating condition. After the optimum flow condition, the discharge coefficient decreased due to flow separation and suppression of the downstream eddies indicating that the weir is not economic in this regime.
{"title":"Effect of ramp slope on the efficiency of hump weirs in free flow condition","authors":"A. Azimi, A. Ahmadi, A. Baki","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0353","url":null,"abstract":"A series of numerical simulations was performed to study the discharge capacity of symmetrical hump weirs. A wide range of ramp slopes was selected from 1V:1H to 1V:5H and the effects of discharge and ramp slope on variations of discharge coefficient were investigated. The proposed models for prediction of discharge characteristics of triangular weirs with an upstream or/and downstream ramp(s) were compared with the discharge capacity of sharp-crested weirs to study the effects of ramp slope. It was found that the available head-discharge models for asymmetric hump weirs are not suitable for prediction of discharge in symmetrical hump weirs, and new prediction models are required. The performance of symmetrical hump weirs increased with increasing headwater and reached an optimum operating condition. After the optimum flow condition, the discharge coefficient decreased due to flow separation and suppression of the downstream eddies indicating that the weir is not economic in this regime.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90599389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent expansion of municipality limits has resulted in an increase in the wildland-urban interface, causing fires in the wildlands to potentially encroach and enter urban centres. This paper proposes a fire risk modeling framework within a climate resiliency context. The study uses large-scale geospatial datasets in combination with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Using various high-resolution-detailed datasets, an extensive list of variables was utilized to develop a novel fire risk model. To support the goal of creating a climate resilient urban municipality, an ecological vulnerability classification map was constructed to identify developable areas and areas under preservation. Regarding creating awareness for climate adaptation and zone, a brief discussion on the role of each stakeholder is provided. The discussion covers strategies for fire prevention and mitigation in high-risk areas/zones, as well as establishing several cornerstones for strategic planning and action to strengthen climate resilience of urban communities.
{"title":"Integrating Ecological Vulnerability and Climate Resiliency: A Novel Gis-Based Method for Fire Hazard Modeling","authors":"M. Elshabrawy, K. El-Basyouny, T. Kwon","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The recent expansion of municipality limits has resulted in an increase in the wildland-urban interface, causing fires in the wildlands to potentially encroach and enter urban centres. This paper proposes a fire risk modeling framework within a climate resiliency context. The study uses large-scale geospatial datasets in combination with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Using various high-resolution-detailed datasets, an extensive list of variables was utilized to develop a novel fire risk model. To support the goal of creating a climate resilient urban municipality, an ecological vulnerability classification map was constructed to identify developable areas and areas under preservation. Regarding creating awareness for climate adaptation and zone, a brief discussion on the role of each stakeholder is provided. The discussion covers strategies for fire prevention and mitigation in high-risk areas/zones, as well as establishing several cornerstones for strategic planning and action to strengthen climate resilience of urban communities.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75690418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experimental investigation was conducted that consisted of 12 pairs of reinforced masonry specimens, in which the two specimens were constructed with their longitudinal axes oriented parallel and perpendicular to the laboratory floor, respectively. This work was conducted to reassess the need for the Χ-factor accounting for the direction of compressive stresses in masonry members in relation to the direction used to establish their masonry assemblage strength included in CSA S304-14 – Design of Masonry Structures. Parameters investigated included block size and reinforcement ratio. Test results suggest that the Χ-factor can be eliminated from future editions of CSA S304 but should be considered with caution: a review of the literature and the current tests show that, in some cases, voids may develop between the exterior webs of adjacent blocks and so may be the source of the reduction in the magnitude of the equivalent rectangular compressive stress block.
{"title":"A Reassessment of the CSA S304 Chi-Factor for Design of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Members: Large Scale Experimental Investigation","authors":"Thomas C.V. Vachon, L. Feldman","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0279","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation was conducted that consisted of 12 pairs of reinforced masonry specimens, in which the two specimens were constructed with their longitudinal axes oriented parallel and perpendicular to the laboratory floor, respectively. This work was conducted to reassess the need for the Χ-factor accounting for the direction of compressive stresses in masonry members in relation to the direction used to establish their masonry assemblage strength included in CSA S304-14 – Design of Masonry Structures. Parameters investigated included block size and reinforcement ratio. Test results suggest that the Χ-factor can be eliminated from future editions of CSA S304 but should be considered with caution: a review of the literature and the current tests show that, in some cases, voids may develop between the exterior webs of adjacent blocks and so may be the source of the reduction in the magnitude of the equivalent rectangular compressive stress block.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87949061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Rashid Sheonty, M. Saleh, F. Kamran, Taher Baghaee Moghaddam, L. Hashemian
In this research, the properties of two tailings solvent recovery unit (TSRU) samples, one bitumen froth sample, and two aggregates are evaluated using various laboratory tests. The TSRU-modified mixtures are prepared at different concentrations of bitumen froth (0% to 6% of weight of mixture increasing in 1% intervals) where TSRU materials were added based on optimum moisture content of the mixture. The properties of the mixtures are investigated using indirect tensile strength and Marshall stability tests. The results show that TSRU modification results in a higher tensile strength. The granular layer thickness can be reduced by 42% and 60% for modified samples made with both aggregates. It should be noted that the modified samples fail to meet the soaked indirect tensile strength requirement. A potential solution to improve the indirect tensile strength of the soaked mixture is using cementitious additives such as Portland cement.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Stabilized Base Courses Comprising TSRU Materials and Bitumen Froth Derived from Alberta Oil Sands","authors":"Sabrina Rashid Sheonty, M. Saleh, F. Kamran, Taher Baghaee Moghaddam, L. Hashemian","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0238","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the properties of two tailings solvent recovery unit (TSRU) samples, one bitumen froth sample, and two aggregates are evaluated using various laboratory tests. The TSRU-modified mixtures are prepared at different concentrations of bitumen froth (0% to 6% of weight of mixture increasing in 1% intervals) where TSRU materials were added based on optimum moisture content of the mixture. The properties of the mixtures are investigated using indirect tensile strength and Marshall stability tests. The results show that TSRU modification results in a higher tensile strength. The granular layer thickness can be reduced by 42% and 60% for modified samples made with both aggregates. It should be noted that the modified samples fail to meet the soaked indirect tensile strength requirement. A potential solution to improve the indirect tensile strength of the soaked mixture is using cementitious additives such as Portland cement.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"135-136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77441447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transfer between metro (underground railway system) and buses is standard in many cities, and the simultaneous arrival of these two modes can provide passengers with a smoother transfer experience. However, previous synchronous transfer studies rarely consider different public transport modes simultaneously. This paper presents an optimization model that maximizes the number of metro and bus network synchronizations considering the connection level.An improved algorithm that combines simulated annealing (SA) and ABC is proposed. The best nectar source position in history in the position is combined with the SA operation. The ABC and improved SA-IABC algorithms are used to solve the model using the Nanmendou metro station and the bus stations within 1.2 km around it in Fuzhou city, China. The results show that ABC and improved SA-IABC algorithms increase the synchronization times of the metro and bus network by 17 % and 24% on average, respectively, without increasing the departure frequency.
{"title":"Maximizing Synchronous Transfer between Metro and Buses Considering Connection Level","authors":"Yuanwen Lai, Yanhui Fan, Yinsheng Rao, S. Easa, Jiafan Chen, Yinzhu Zhao","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2022-0320","url":null,"abstract":"Transfer between metro (underground railway system) and buses is standard in many cities, and the simultaneous arrival of these two modes can provide passengers with a smoother transfer experience. However, previous synchronous transfer studies rarely consider different public transport modes simultaneously. This paper presents an optimization model that maximizes the number of metro and bus network synchronizations considering the connection level.An improved algorithm that combines simulated annealing (SA) and ABC is proposed. The best nectar source position in history in the position is combined with the SA operation. The ABC and improved SA-IABC algorithms are used to solve the model using the Nanmendou metro station and the bus stations within 1.2 km around it in Fuzhou city, China. The results show that ABC and improved SA-IABC algorithms increase the synchronization times of the metro and bus network by 17 % and 24% on average, respectively, without increasing the departure frequency.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81576937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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