Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

Birds of prey raised in captivity have direct contact with the environment and are fed raw meat various animals, which increases the risk of infections caused by parasites, including endoparasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of endoparasites in predatory birds of the orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes that are used in falconry in Poland. Fresh feces were sampled from 52 birds, including 16 saker falcons (Falco cherrug), 8 lanner falcons (Falco biarmicus), 7 peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), 8 Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), 7 Eurasian goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), 3 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), 1 Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), 1 red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Fecal samples were analyzed with the use of Fülleborn's floatation technique and the McMaster method (OPG/EPG). Dispersive forms of parasites were identified in 17 out of 52 fecal samples (32.69%). Protozoa of the genus Avispora and Nematodes of the genera Porrocaecum sp and Capillaria were detected. The predominant parasites were roundworms (Porrocaecum sp) which were identified in 27% of the samples. Polish falconers were surveyed to obtain information about bird rearing conditions, the administered feed, contact with wild fauna, incidence of parasitic infections, and the applied treatments. The survey showed that the housing conditions ensured contact with wild fauna, and the majority of owners (63.6%) feed their birds with part of the game they caught. The majority (81%) of falconers did not notice any clinical signs of infection in their infected birds, indicating the need to examine them regularly. The results of the survey were compared with the findings of the parasitological analysis. This study reports on the prevalence of endoparasites in birds of prey, and the present findings can be used by falconers to optimize the management and welfare of predatory birds.

Male fertility is adversely influenced by diabetes. The beneficial effects of antioxidant bioflavonoids in improving fertility have been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silymarin on diabetes mellitus-induced male reproductive impairment in rats by investigating its role in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression. To conduct this study, 18 mature male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (Con), experimental diabetes type 1 (T1D-sole)-induced, and silymarin (SMN, 120 mg/kg, orally)-treated T1D-induced groups. The testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. Tubular differentiation index (TDI), repopulation index (RI), spermiogenesis index (SPI), and the Johnson score were also investigated. The DNA Ladder test was used to evaluate testicular DNA fragmentation, and RNA damage was assessed through fluorescent staining. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses were performed for Hsp70 and Hsp90. Oral administration of SMN significantly (p<0.05) increased the TAC ratio and decreased the MDA content in testicles compared to the T1D-sole group. The results showed that T1D increased the percentage of seminiferous tubules with negative TDI, RI, and SPI and reduced the Johnson score compared to the Con group (p<0.05). However, treatment with SMN ameliorated the T1D-induced damages to TDI, RI, SPI, and the Johnson score (p<0.05) compared to the T1D group (p<0.05). The staining intensities and the number of Hsp70+ and Hsp90+ cells were significantly higher in the Con group compared to the T1D-sole animals (p<0.05). However, rats treated with SMN showed an increased number of Hsp70+ and Hsp90+ cells per mm² of tissue compared to the T1D-sole group (p<0.05). Diabetes caused DNA fragmentation and RNA damage, but silymarin reduced its negative effects. In conclusion, SMN ameliorates T1D-suppressed spermatogenesis by upregulating testicular antioxidant status and Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression in testicular tissue. Consequently, it can be considered a potential complementary medication for male patients with T1D.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most important infectious diseases which leads to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. The gE-deleted vaccine is widely used to prevent susceptible pigs from PRV infection. There is no report of the differentiation of PRV wild strain and vaccine strain by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) method. In the present study, the gD and gE gene-targeted primer-probe sets were designed. The RPA-LFD assay could discriminate between the PRV wild strain and the vaccine strain. The RPA reaction conditions were also evaluated. The optimal reaction temperature and reaction time for the RPA-LFD assay were 37℃ and 20 min. The detection limit was 10 genome copies per reaction for PRV wild strain and gE-deleted vaccine strain. The assay did not have cross-reaction with other common swine viral pathogens. The effectiveness of the RPA-LFD assay for detecting the clinical samples was evaluated by testing 80 samples. The result of the assay was compared with that of the conventional PCR. The positive rate of PRV wild strain by the RPA-LFD assay was 20%, whereas the positive rate of PRV wild strain by the PCR assay was 18.8%. The assay therefore provides a novel alternative for differentiation of PRV wild strain and vaccine strain.

Flukes can cause severe and lethal diseases in various animals, including fish. Both adult and larval stages of flukes are found in fish. Haplorchiasis is an infection of fish gills by heterophyid trematodes such as Haplorchis taichui. To detect this parasite, the gills of 30 Tigris kingfish and Tigris barb collected from the Shapour River in Kazerun, Fars province were found to be parasitized with metacercarial cysts of a heterophyid trematode identified as H. taichui. Histopathological examination of the infected fish gills revealed cartilage proliferation, severe hyperplasia, fusion, S-forming, shortening and thickening, distortion, and displacement of affected secondary gill filaments leading to deformities of the filament structure, clubbing, telangiectasis, and hyperemia. Although the gill damage was evident and potentially life-threatening for the cyprinid fish, the examined fish showed no clinical signs. This finding indicates that H. taichui is pathogenic; therefore, prevention of infection and treatment should be a priority.

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of thymoquinone (TQ), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (TYM) against multi-drug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria (MDR-NTM), alone and in combination with berberine (BER). Antimicrobial activity was first evaluated at concentrations from 8 to 512 μg/mL. Each of the compounds tested exhibited good activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from fish, with MIC values of 32-128 μg/mL. In this study, we have shown for the first time the synergistic efficacy of BER with CAR, TYM or TQ against NTM strains. Thus, the combination of these compounds with BER seems to be a new approach for combating MDR-NTM strains.

The material for drug resistance testing was 28 strains of Mycobacterium caprae isolated from tissue collected post mortem from a free-living Bieszczady Mountain European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) herd. All drug susceptibility tests were carried out on an automated Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system, using Bactec MGIT 960 streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol (S.I.R.E.) and Bactec MGIT 960 PZA kits. The analyzed M. caprae strains demonstrated susceptibility to PZA and the complement of four basic anti-mycobacterial drugs: S.I.R.E. Considering that we are dealing with multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis more and more often, and that no new drugs have been discovered or developed for over 60 years, the study of drug resistance in free-living animal strains of MTBC is of great importance for the deepening and broadening of our knowledge of TB.

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro penetration rate of antioxidant enriched frozen thawed Kangayam bull semen. For the current investigation, 5-7-year-old Kangayam bulls were used. The semen was collected twice per week and two ejaculates were collected each time. They were subsequently transported to the laboratory for processing of semen and maintained in a water bath at 34°C. On the day of semen collection, three groups of semen were prepared with Tris-egg-yolk Glycerol Extender (TEYG) (group I), TEGY extenders with hyaluronan (group II), and TEGY extenders with metformin (group III) and stored in a water bath at 34°C. According to the group, the semen sample was first diluted at a ratio of 1:1 with the appropriate extender (TEYG, hyaluronan enriched or metformin enriched) and kept in laminar air flow at 22°C for seven minutes. Each semen sample was then extended using the appropriate semen extender in accordance with the dilution rate. After filling, sealing and printing, the final diluted semen sample was subjected to equilibration. Freezing was done as per the standard protocol. Oocytes were collected from cyclical animals on days 1, 5, 9 after estrus using the ultrasound guided transvaginal ovum pick-up method after ablation of the day 0 pre-ovulatory follicle. After oocyte and sperm maturation, the co-incubation of oocyte and sperm was done and the in vitro penetration rate was recorded. The overall in vitro penetration rate recorded in Kangayam cows was 46.66 per cent. Maximum in vitro penetration rate was observed in group II (52 per cent) followed by group III (46 per cent) and in group I (42 per cent). Based on the above findings, it was concluded that hyaluronan enriched semen may be used as a pragmatic approach for cryopreservation of Kangayam bull semen in order to augment the in vitro penetration rate in Kangayam.

Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) can resist infection caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) through phagocytosis. However, it is unknown what gene expression changes occur in PAM after Mhp stimulation. Therefore, the differential gene expression (DGE) profiling technique was employed to analyze differentially expressed genes in PAMs infected with Mhp strain 232. Eighty-six and 889 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in PAMs at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and 24 hpi. Using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, DE genes were involved in 54 (12 hpi) and 128 (24 hpi) GO enrichment items. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, DE genes were involved in 101 (12 hpi) and 250 (24 hpi) KEGG enrichment items. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), DE genes were connected, forming 25 internally interacting subnetworks. STRING analysis revealed 131 proteins encoded by DE genes involved in network interactions. Five novel genes were closely related to clinical symptoms and pathological changes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. This is the first study to investigate PAM transcriptional responses to Mhp infection using the DGE profiling technique.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, is an environmental toxicant widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and paints. Ganoderma lucidum (GDL) is a plant with biological activities widely used in Chinese medicine. The present study aims to determine the effects of GDL against testicular dysfunction in rats exposed to BPA. For this purpose, a total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats, 6 rats in each group, were used in the study. Rats were administered 25 mg/kg/bw BPA and 300 mg/kg/bw GDL by oral gavage for 8 weeks. After the treatments, the rats were sacrificed, and testicular tissues were removed. One of the testes was used for biochemical analyses and the other for histopathologic examinations. The caudal part of the epididymis was trimmed, and semen was obtained. As a result, BPA increased MDA level in blood and testicular tissue, while it decreased CAT, GPx activity and GSH level. GDL treatment provided protection from the impaired oxidant balance (p<0.001). Furthermore, BPA caused decreased epididymal sperm motility and density, vesicular seminalis weight and blood testosterone levels, increased testicular and epididymal tissue weight (p<0.001). Histopathological examination revealed that BPA caused narrowing in testicular tubules and apoptosis, decreased germinal cell thickness and androgen receptor number. It was determined that GDL administration preserved testicular histology. As a result, it was determined that BPA caused toxicity in the testicular tissue of rats, whereas GDL administration was ameliorative.

The outbreak and prevalence of tembusu virus (TMUV) endanger the breeding industry of waterfowls. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying TMUV infection. It was reported that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was a positive regulator of the infection of TMUV. In order to study the interactions between HSP70 and host immune response to TMUV infection, TMUV-infected cells with or without HSP70 inhibitor were harvested and subjected to deep sequencing to identify genes differentially expressed. We found 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HSP70 inhibitor-treated and mock-treated TMUV-infected DF-1 cells. Of these DEGs, 39 genes were down-regulated significantly. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs mainly related to the activation of innate immune response, including RIG-I-like receptor, toll-like receptor and NF-κB signaling pathway. Also, 12 down-regulated immune-related DEGs were selected for confirmation by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR verification, all these genes showed consistent expression between the result of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and transcriptomic sequencing. These results revealed the important role of HSP70 in facilitating the innate immune response induced by TMUV infection. This is first to access the role of HSP70 in host response to TMUV infection, which provides a basis for further study of the pathogenesis of TMUV and contributes to the elucidation of TMUV-host interactions.