Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

β-Casein accounts for approximately 30% of total milk protein, with the A1 and A2 variants being the most common. A1 β-casein may release β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion, which is associated with adverse health effects, whereas A2 β-casein does not. This study investigated the A2 allele frequency and its potential influence on milk performance in Holstein cattle in Taiwan. A total of 1,050 cows from five herds were genotyped using the GeneSeek 50K SNP chip. The A2 allele frequency ranged from 0.58 to 0.75 among herds, with an average of 0.66. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests indicated no significant deviation within herds. Pedigree validation confirmed Mendelian inheritance of A1 and A2 alleles. Furthermore, 348 cows with complete lactation records were evaluated for 305-day mature equivalent milk and fat yields across genotypes. Although cows with the A1/A1 genotype showed numerically higher milk and fat yields, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests revealed no statistically significant differences. These results suggest that while A2 allele selection is increasing in Taiwan, β-casein genotype does not significantly influence milk or fat production in the studied population.

Metabolic diseases in cows have a significant influence on their health status, milk production, and the health and immune parameters of newborn calves. One of the most critical periods in the lactation cycle of dairy cows is the transition period, which covers the last three weeks before and the first three weeks after calving. It is characterized by the occurrence of metabolic and endocrine adaptations resulting from the increased demand for nutrients to support future lactation and avoid metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic stress is a hypermetabolic and catabolic response to homeostatic imbalance which affects the development and maturation of foetus. Lipid mobilization is a typical feature of a negative energy balance (NEB), whereby non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are released into the bloodstream and used as a source of energy. The aim of this review was to present results of our research and research of other authors on the impact of metabolic disorders in dairy cows on the immune and health status of calves.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease in animals. Inactive parapoxvirus ovis (IPPVO) strengthens humoral immunity. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPPVO application together with FMD vaccine on cattle immunity. It included 30 Holstein cattle randomly divided into two groups: one was administered only the FMD vaccine, and the other was administered the FMD vaccine and IPPVO simultaneously. Control blood was collected from all animals at 0 hours. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours post-vaccination, while serum IgG and IgM levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days post-vaccination using ELISA kits. While no changes in serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were detected in the FMD group, IL-1β levels significantly increased (peaking at four hours) in the FMD + IPPVO group. In the FMD group, while IgG levels increased significantly (peaking at 16 days), IgM levels did not change. In the FMD + IPPVO group, IgG level on day 8 was higher than the 16 days value. Also, the IgM level increased significantly on day 16. In conclusion, the application of FMD with IPPVO increases the primary immune response (IgM), but it does not affect the long-term immune response (IgG).

The aim of this study was to carry out a follow-up evaluation of cryopreserved semen of native breed cattle collected in the National Bank of Biological Material (NBBM). The oldest material, from 2004-2010, was included in the study. A total of 70 ejaculates from 62 bulls (5 Polish Red-and-White, 7 Polish Black-and-White, 11 Whitebacked, 39 Polish Red) were used in the study. After thawing sperm concentration and viability (plasma membrane intactness) were determined using a fluorescence-based instrument - NucleoCounter SP-100. Sperm concentration was higher (p≤0.05) for the semen of Polish Red-and-White and Polish Red bulls compared to the semen of Polish Black-and-White and Whitebacked bulls. For the viability, no significant differences were observed between breeds. The number of viable spermatozoa per straw in the examined semen ranged from 4.09 to 18.29 × 10⁶. This study has shown large differences in the quality of bull semen frozen between 2004 and 2010, from the collection of the National Bank of Biological Material while its quality parameters allow it to be used for insemination.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lactation number, lactation stage and somatic cell count (SCC) on the presence of pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens in cow milk. A total of 1712 milk samples were collected from the udder quarters of 428 lactating Holstein breed cows for bacteriological examination. Somatic cell count was taken from the controlled bovine records. The cows were divided into four groups according to the lactation number (viz. lactation numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and above) and into three groups according to the lactation month (viz. 1-4, 5-8, 9 months and above). The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Frequencies of microorganisms were calculated by determining their confidence intervals (Wilson Confidence Interval 95%, CI). Various farm pathogens were identified: CNS (Coagulase negative staphylococci), S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., Str. agalactiae, E. coli. It was found that CNS and S. agalactiae increased with somatic cell count, lactation number and lactation stage. E. coli increased at the end of the lactation stage (p≤0.05). Enterococcus spp. count in milk differed significantly between cows in lactations 1 and 4 and older (p≤0.05). Pathogen number also increased with milk fat, but decreased with increased protein content (p≤0.01).

In this study, the effects of in-ovo injection of Chrysin (CR) into Japanese quail eggs on testicular histology, oxidant status and epididymal sperm quality were investigated. 720 Japanese quail eggs were divided into 4 groups and 0.1 mL saline was given to the control group, 0.25 mg CR to the 0.25 group, 0.50 mg CR to the 0.50 group and 0.75 mg CR to the 0.75 group. On the 60th day after the laying of eggs, 8 Japanese quails were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed under mild sevoflurane anesthesia. The abdominal cavity was opened and both testicular tissues and epididymal parts were removed. The right testicular tissue was used for histopathological examinations and the left one was used for biochemical analyses. The epididymal part at the tip of the vas deferens at the end of the right testis was trimmed in 100 μL saline at 37°C. Histopathological examinations showed that histological scoring was higher in the CR 50 and CR 75 groups. A decrease in oxidant status was observed in all CR groups compared to the control group. Spermatozoa density was higher in CR groups compared to the control group. Total motility value was statistically significantly higher in CR 50 and CR 75 groups compared to control and CR 25 groups. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of dead and abnormal spermatozoa. In-ovo CR injection at doses of 0.50 and 0.75 mg/egg improved testicular histological score, decreased oxidative stress, and increased epididymal sperm quality.

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the composition and physicochemical properties of cow's colostrum and the levels of immunoglobulin G in the serum of their calves, depending on the inclusion of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) as a substitute for concentrate feeds in the diet during the dry period. Sixty cows were divided into four groups: Group C - traditional TMR feed, Group I - modified feed with the inclusion of DDGS at 10% of dry matter, Group II - DDGS inclusion increased to 15% of dry matter, Group III - DDGS inclusion increased to 20% of dry matter. Colostrum samples were collected from all cows during the first full milking after calving. Blood samples were taken from all cows after calving and from their calves on days 3rd and 30th of life. No significant changes were observed in the basic composition of cows' colostrum. The levels of amino acids were significantly lower in DDGS groups. There was an increase in a concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, lactoferrin, K, Na, and proportion of α-casein and κ-casein in the colostrum of cows receiving DDGS. The total serum protein content was lower in cows receiving DDGS, despite a higher content of IgG. On the 3rd day of life, significantly higher levels of total protein and IgG were found in the calves' serum. Based on the results optained, it can be concluded that the use of DDGS in a cow's diet during the dry period as a substitute for concentrated feeds does not reduce the colostrum quality. However, including DDGS at a level of 15% DM in the cows' diet results in higher IgG content and, consequently, a higher level of passive immunity in their calves.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major clinical challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of honokiol, a natural antioxidant compound, on intestinal IR injury in rats using histochemical and biochemical methods. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and the honokiol-target network-reactome pathway analysis were performed using Cytoscape v3.10.1 software to validate inclusion of focused proteins in the study. 1 hour/2 hours of IR was applied on intestinal (jejunum) tissues. The tissues were further processed for biochemical measurement of total oxidant status (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS). 5 mg/kg honokiol treatment was administered to rats after ischemia protocol. The tissues were fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin protocol. Sections were stained with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 15 (ADAMTS-15) and caspase-3 antibodies. Analysis of the signaling network revealed that honokiol exerts a significant influence on the proposed mechanisms associated with IR through the VEGF, ADAMTS-15, and caspase-3 network. IR increased the TOS level and decreased the TAS level in ischemia and IR group, histopathologically damaged the intestinal tissues and led to epithelial degeneration, increased cell death, vascular dilatation and congestion. Honokiol treatment reduced the oxidant enzymes and supported the antioxidant system, and restored pathologies in the IR+honokiol group. Intestinal IR injury increased VEGF expression, ADAMTS-15 and caspase-3 expression in the ischemia and IR groups. Honokiol treatment after ischemia reduced the VEGF, ADAMTS15 and caspase-3 by restoring tissue integrity, preventing cell death and increasing cell matrix remodeling. The administration of honokiol provided protection against intestinal IR injury by modulating apoptosis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling processes through regulation of the VEGF, ADAMTS-15, and caspase-3 expression.

The rise of antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis affecting human and veterinary medicine, highlighted within the One Health framework. Horses, classified as both meat and companion animals, play a crucial role in facilitating resistant bacteria spread to humans. Despite increased awareness and reduced antibiotic use in livestock, data on equine antibiotic use and resistance remain limited. This retrospective study examines antimicrobial resistance in 978 bacterial isolates from horses in Poland over 12 years (2010-2022), utilizing data from the Microbiological Diagnostic Laboratory at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The most common isolates were Streptococcus spp. (45.60%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19.22%). Clinical isolates resistance pattern observed in this study, particularly to gentamicin, tetracyclines, enrofloxacin, third-generation cephalosporins, and chloramphenicol, strongly suggests the overuse and misuse of these antibiotics, a trend that urgently needs to be addressed to preserve their efficacy. The detection of high-resistance Rhodococcus equi isolates resistant to erythromycin, rifampicin, and doxycycline may pose challenges for foal rhodococcosis treatment soon, especially considering the lack of alternative treatment. The outcomes of this study show the urgent and critical need to collect and analyze local data for improved antimicrobial stewardship. They also emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of resistance patterns in equine pathogens, as this is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and staying ahead of potential threats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tideglusib and bone graft mixture on bone healing. Tideglusib is a drug used in the treatment of various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In a relevant study, the positive effect of tideglusib on the Wnt pathway, one of the pathways involved in bone regeneration and dentin tissue regeneration, was demonstrated. Dentin and bone tissues have structurally similar healing mechanisms. Therefore, tideglusib may have a similar effect on the bone tissue. The main goal of bone grafting is to provide bone regeneration and functional healing through remodeling. Bone graft materials are divided into four types based on their source: autogenous, allogenous, xenogenous, and alloplastic. Because these graft materials have various advantages and disadvantages, research continues to focus on alternative materials and applications. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were included in this study. A unicortical 3.5 mm diameter defect was created in the tibia of rabbits under general anesthesia. The groups in the study were as follows: Group 1, left proximal tibia defect area was controlled (defect area was left empty); Group 2, left distal tibia defect area was treated with tideglusib + calcium sulfate; Group 3, right proximal tibia defect area was treated with calcium sulfate only; Group 4, right distal tibia defect area was treated with tideglusib only. Mediolateral (M/L) radiographs of the tibia were taken on the 30th and 60th postoperative days. On the 30th day, the first eight rabbits were sacrificed, and on the 60th day, the remaining eight were sacrificed for histopathological examination. New bone formation in the obtained samples was evaluated by radiological and histopathological analyses. The study concluded that the combination of tideglusib and calcium sulfate significantly enhanced bone healing compared with the other groups (p<0.005). This suggests that tideglusib, either alone or in combination with bone graft materials, could serve as a promising alternative for the repair of bone defects.