Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

Pseudomonas spp. are a psychrotrophic species associated with milk spoilage caused by its enzymatic activities. The aim of this study was to identify Pseudomonas spp. in raw cow's milk and to investigate their associated enzymatic properties and the ability to produce pyoverdine pigment. For microbiological analysis, 2 ml of milk samples was taken in sterile sample boxes. Milk sampling was carried out according to the principles of STN EN ISO 707. By identification using the PCR method, of n=320 samples of raw cow milk a total of 73 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were identified as P. putida (34.25%); P. fragi (13.70%); P. lundensis (9.59%) and Pseudomonas spp. (42.47%). Proteolytic activity determined at a temperature of 7°C was positive from n=20 selected isolates of Pseudomonas spp. (60%) isolates and a temperature of 25°C was positively detected (85%). Lipolytic activity determined at a temperature of 7°C was confirmed in 35% of isolates and a temperature of 25°C it was confirmed in 70% isolates. Pyoverdine pigment production was detected in 65% of isolates. The results reveal the enzymatic activity of Pseudomonas spp. present in raw cow's milk and its spoilage potential at different temperatures in relation to pigment production.

The aim of the study was to analyze differences in the concentration of total arsenic (As) and As(III) in urine depending on the sex of mixed-breed dogs. Therefore, a research hypothesis was put forward that sex is a variable determining the degree and efficiency of urinary arsenic excretion. Two study groups were established: female (group 1) and male (group 2) mixed-breed dogs of similar body weight (9-13 kg) and aged 8-11 years. Urine samples were collected using a device designed specially for this purpose (utility model registered at the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, no. WUP 13/2023). Samples were wet-digested following the protocol presented in the PN-EN 13805:2014 standard and analysed using an EcaFlow 150 GLP coulometer integrated with an E-53 Au electrode and EcaCell. Arsenic content in dog food was also measured to verify the effect of this variable. Results were analyzed using Statistica 13.1 software. Sex had a significant effect on the urinary arsenic excretion. The levels of total As and As(III) were significantly higher in urine from male dogs (18.45 and 2.92 [μg L-1]; p≤0.05) compared to urine from female dogs (13.43 and 1.67 [μg L-1], respectively).

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of troxerutin against cypermethrin-induced behavioral defects, motor function abnormalities, and oxidative stress in mice. Twenty-four adult female albino mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second group was treated with cypermethrin (20 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally at day 21, and the remaining two groups were orally supplemented with TRX (150, 300 mg/kg b.w) for 20 days and with cypermethrin (20 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally at day 21. Behavior activities recorded after cypermethrin exposure showed significantly impaired motor function (p≤0.05) as evidenced by the beam balance and pole test. The cypermethrin was also found to cause significant memory dysfunction. Moreover, the oxidative stress in terms of increased tissue malondialdehyde level (p≤0.05) was recorded in the cypermethrin group. The antioxidant activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased (p≤0.05) after cypermethrin exposure. Troxerutin supplementation significantly improved the cypermethrin-induced motor impairment and memory dysfunction. The supplementation of troxerutin significantly restored the redox status. Troxerutin attenuates the neurotoxic and behavioral deficits caused by cypermethrin. Furthermore, troxerutin also provides significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress by improving the oxidative stress markers.

Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease. Two species of Hepatozoon may infect dogs: Hepatozoon americanum and H. canis. The aim of the paper was to attempt to detect the genetic material of H. canis in blood samples collected from dogs suspected to suffer from tick-borne diseases. 107 samples were tested with the use of the real-time PCR technique (Vcheck M Bionote analyser), of which 99 were collected from dogs which never left Polish territory (group 1) and 8 from dogs which spent the holidays with their owners in Turkey (group 2). DNA of H. canis was detected in 1 dog in group 1 (with Ixodes ricinus infestation), and in 2 dogs in group 2 (with Ripicephalus sanguineus infestation). The results obtained indicate that infections with H. canis should be taken into account and included in the differential diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs in Poland, and the accurate identification of the infection agent is crucial for developing the correct treatment regimen and prognosis.

The environmental impact of methane, a greenhouse gas emitted from ruminants, is a pressing issue and methods to control methane emissions from ruminants are being investigated worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of the administration of spent coffee grounds (SCG) on methane production in the rumen in two cows. In the control condition (days 1 and 2), the cows were fed a basic diet twice daily (roughage and concentrate), and in the SCG condition (days 1 and 2) sequentially, the cows were fed the same basic diet and administered SCG into the rumen twice daily. The methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in rumen gas were measured via a fistula after feeding on days 2 in both cases of the study. The measurements were made using a newly developed gas measurement system with a portable gas monitor, and data were obtained for the control condition and SCG condition at each measurement time. The methane ratio at each measurement time was calculated from the methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, and compared between the two conditions. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two conditions in the methane ratios after the morning (P=0.108) and afternoon feedings (P=0.345). However, the methane ratios before the morning (P=0.043) and afternoon feedings (P=0.008) were significantly lower in the SCG condition than in the control condition, suggesting that the administration of SCG may suppress methane production in the rumen.

Campylobacter spp. are the leading causes of ovine abortions leading to severe economic losses and a source of bacterial food borne illness in humans, posing a major public health concern. This study reports an increase in Brucella negative abortions in sheep farms in Kashmir, India in the last few years. Screening of sheep farms was carried to rule out Campylobacter abortion. Three Government sheep breeding farms in the Kashmir valley and some other private flocks were screened for the presence of C. jejuni and C. fetus subsp. fetus. A total of 217 samples comprising of 200 swabs (rectal and vaginal swabs; 100 each) from clinically healthy animals, ten vaginal swabs from cases of abortion and seven abomasal contents of the aborted fetuses were collected from sheep breeding farm Khimber (District, Srinagar), sheep breeding farm Goabal, the Mountain Research Centre for sheep and goats (MRCSG, SKUAST-K) (District, Ganderbal) and from private sheep breeders were screened. In the present study a total of 15.2% of samples were positive for different Campylobacter spp. by PCR. C. jejuni and C. coli were detected individually or coexisting by PCR in the rectal swabs from all farms, while C. fetus subsp. fetus was detected only in the vaginal swabs from private sheep farms and abortion samples. Additionally, C. jejuni was also isolated from vaginal swabs. A total of 5, 20 and 18 samples were confirmed positive by PCR for C. fetus subsp. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. The Campylobacter isolates obtained in the present study were screened for flaA, cdtB, cadF, wlaN, pldA, virB and dnaJ virulence determinants. However, the isolates harboured flaA, cdtB and cadF virulence determinants only. The recovery of virulent Campylobacter isolates from healthy sheep fecal swabs in the present study may have longer human health implications. The presence of abortive strains of C. jejuni and C fetus subsp. fetus in sheep farms has long term economic implications in the Kashmir valley. This study emphasizes the need for efforts to be taken on farms to prevent animal infections and minimizing human exposure to these pathogens through proper hygiene and production practices as suggested by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of humic substances on performance and selected blood biochemical parameters in turkeys. A total of twenty 6-week-old turkey hybrids (Big 6) were divided into two groups. The first group of turkeys was fed the basal diet without any supplementation of humic substances as a control group. The second group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 g of humic substances per kg of diet. The study lasted 35 days, until the 11th week of age of the turkeys. The addition of humic substances had no effect on the live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or growth rate of turkeys. Similarly, the monitored blood biochemical parameters, except for the levels of P, Mg, and Na, were not significantly affected by the addition of humic substances. The addition of humic substances led to a significant decrease in the concentration of P (p<0.05), Mg (p<0.05), and Na (p<0.01) in the blood serum of turkeys. It was concluded that the addition of humic substances may lead to a reduction of some mineral substances in the blood of animals, which may be due to their chelating effects. This may indicate a reduced availability of some biologically important minerals for the body, which could subsequently manifest itself in some health issues and a decrease in animal production. During the duration of our study, there were no signs of disturbance in the health of the animals. In view of the achieved results, further studies will be necessary to determine the appropriate concentration and duration of administration of the monitored preparation and to evaluate its influence on the availability of nutrients and feed conversion and its possible use as a safe non-antibiotic growth stimulator in turkey nutrition.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of thermography in assessing the impact of regular physical effort on changes in the body surface temperature of the upper body parts of young racehorses. The study involved monitoring 33 racehorses aged 3 years in 3 imaging sessions over a period of 3 months. Temperature measurements of the neck and upper part of the forelimbs and hindlimbs from both sides were taken just before and after training. Three regions of interest (ROIs) located at the base of the neck, elbow and quarter on both sides of the body were analysed. Before physical effort, the average temperatures in all ROIs did not differ significantly between the right and left side of the body. After physical effort, average surface temperatures of the left side of the elbow and quarter were significantly higher compared to the opposite side and the temperature at the base of the neck was higher on the right side in comparison to the left side (p<0.001). Body surface temperatures of all ROIs after physical effort significantly (p≤0.001) increased, with the greatest increase observed in the elbow (4.7°C) and the lowest in the base of the neck (3ºC). All regions demonstrated a positive correlation between average surface temperatures on the left and right side of the body, before and after training. There was a strong positive correlation between the average temperatures in the analyzed ROIs after physical effort with the strongest correlation between the elbow and quarter (r=0.773) and the weakest between the quarter and base of the neck (r=0.474). In conclusion, our study revealed that thermography remains a feasible diagnostic modality for identifying changes in upper parts of the body in response to physical effort and can therefore provide valuable insights into the assimilation of training regimes by the equine physiology.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality parameters and selected biochemical markers of canine semen sampled at 24-h intervals over a period of 5 days, preceded by 6 months of sexual abstinence. Full ejaculates were obtained from 6 dogs. Ejaculate volume and total sperm counts in the ejaculate decreased gradually on successive sampling days. The percentage of total motile spermatozoa (TMOT), percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMOT), sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI), and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) increased on successive days of sampling. In addition, ATP content increased in spermatozoa. Total protein content (TPC) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and acid phosphatase (AcP) decreased in seminal plasma. Repeated ejaculation over a period of 5 days induced changes in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of canine semen. A decrease in the values of some biochemical markers of semen, secreted by the epididymis and the prostate gland, could point to disturbances in the secretory activity of these organs. Canine semen sampled after prolonged sexual abstinence is generally characterized by less desirable quality parameters, and this observation should be taken into consideration when semen is collected for artificial insemination or preservation. Semen quality can be significantly improved by repeating the sampling procedure after 24 hours. On the other hand, repeated sampling on successive days can significantly decrease total sperm counts in the ejaculate. As a result, a sufficient number of semen doses for artificial insemination may not be obtained from a single ejaculate.

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is an infectious disease that negatively affects animal welfare causing systemic or local clinical signs in small ruminants and causes significant economic losses in herds. It is important to determine the etiologic agent causing the infection in the development of the protection and control strategies against the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of infectious keratoconjunctivitis cases in small ruminants raised in Siirt province in Türkiye. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis was graded according to the symptoms determined by clinical examination. The presence of Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp. and Moraxella ovis was investigated by PCR in swab samples obtained from the animals with keratoconjunctivitis. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis was detected in 263 (19.86%) of 1324 animals examined in the study. Of the animals with infectious keratoconjunctivitis, 163 (61.97%) were sheep and 100 (38.02%) were goats. The detection rate of infectious keratoconjunctivitis was higher in sheep than goats. In 56 (21.29%), 109 (41.44%), 67 (25.47%), and 31 (11.78%) of the cases, findings of stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 infectious keratoconjunctivitis were detected, respectively. Of the eye swab samples taken from 263 animals with infectious keratoconjunctivitis, 5 (1.90%) were positive for Mycoplasma spp. and 6 (2.28%) were positive for M. ovis. It was determined that the distribution of the bacterial agents varied according to the stage of infectious keratoconjunctivitis. No statistically significant correlation was found in the distribution of bacterial agents among identified samples according to species, sex, age, and infectious keratoconjunctivitis stage of the animals. It was thought that the data obtained in the study would contribute to the studies for protection and control by determining the incidence and aetiology of infectious keratoconjunctivitis cases observed in small ruminants.